College of Health Sciences

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    30 Day Perioperative Outcome and Associated Factors For Morbidity and Mortality of Patients that Undergo Elective Surgical Intervention for Colonic Cancer in Tikur Anbesa and Zewditu Memorial Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-10) Adamzer Mulugeta; Abel Shiferaw
    Colorectal cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in Ethiopia, where the incidence is rising. With this rise has come the increment of surgeries being done with curative intent with subsequent implications on morbidity and mortality of patients.
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    30 day’ Post-operative complicationsof Intracranial Meningioma Surgery
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-01) Sileshi, Dagmawi; Kasahun, Azarias( MD, FCS (ECSA), Assistant professor)
    Background: Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Even though different management options exist in modern medicine, surgery is still the only cure for this benign tumor. Surgical options are not without risk. Identifying and predicting the short-term complications in an Ethiopian setup might be useful in the decision-making process before surgery for our patients. This study uses a prospective design that aims to assess 30 days of posoperative complications of intracranial meningioma. Methods: Aprospective study that was conducted at TASH, ZMH & MCM hospital between November 1, 2019, and September 1, 2020. Assessment of postoperative complications was determined in-person using a standard questionnaire in both inpatient & outpatient setup. For the investigation, pathology & Intraoperative findings data were collected from medical charts, radiology, and pathology archives.Data were checked for completeness and quality control aftewhich, it was entered on SPSS version 21 for analysis using logistic regression. Results:A total of 77 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 40.94 years. 71 (92%) patients presented with headache and 62 (80.5%) patients had one or more focal neurologic deficits. Tumor was classified based on location and size. 47 (61%) of the tumors were skull base tumors.The surgical mortality rate which was defined as death within one month was 9.1%. Among all patients, 37 (48.1%)had one or more postoperative complications of which new-onset or worsened focal deficit was the commonest. A significant association was seen between skull base tumors and postoperative complications in both bivariate and multivariate analyses witha p-value of 0.01 (OR=5.79, 95% CI: 2.061-16.312. Conclusion: Even though the complications and mortality rates were high, surgery led to symptom improvement in a large proportion of patients. Skull base meningioma, anesthesia time more than 5 hours, and blood loss more than 1000ml hada significant association with postoperative complications.
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    A comparative study of the leaf and root extracts of Stephania abyssinica (Dillon & A. Rich) Walp on wound healing activity in mice
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Girma,Minilu; Petros,Zelalem (PhD); Tamirat,Dagnachew(MD)
    The roots and leaves of Stephania abyssinica are traditionally used to treat wounds in several regions of Ethiopia. The pharmacological screening for wound-healing activity of the plant was done for the crude extract and solvent fractions of the root extract. But there have been no pharmacological studies done on the wound-healing effect of the leaf extract. In this study, the wound-healing effects of both the 80% methanol extract of the leaves and the roots of S. abyssinica were evaluated using the excision wound model, and the results were compared. Histopathological investigations were also carried out. The antioxidant activity of both the leaf and root extracts was also assessed. In addition, preliminary phytochemical screening tests and quantification of total phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid contents were done for both the leaf and root extracts. Both the root and the leaf extracts significantly increased the rate of wound contraction (p < 0.05) and shortened the re-epithelialization period (p < 0.01). The root extract significantly increased the skin‟s tensile strength (p ˂ 0.001). The quantity of secondary metabolites in the root extract, such as total phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid contents, was found to be higher than those of the leaf extract, and this concentration difference demonstrated a substantial difference in its wound healing activity.
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    A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Ondansetron Versus Pethidine for Prevention of Post-Operative Shivering in Parturients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia in Selected Governmental Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-05) Kassahun Yimer; Adugna Aregawi
    Postoperative shivering is a common adverse of spinal anesthesia after a cesarean delivery, causing serious complications such as increased oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and increased risk of myocardial ischemia. Pethidine is widely used for shivering prevention and treatment, but it has serious side effects. Ondansetron has been suggested in several studies to prevent shivering with minimal side effects, although there are limited studies and its effectiveness compared to pethidine remains controversial, particularly in cesarean section cases.
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    A cross sectional descriptive study on oral cancer awareness among patients that visited department of dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery unit at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital , Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Abera,Feven; Garoma,Gelana(Ass.Prof. ,OMFS); Dejene,Demerew (Ass.Prof. ,OMFS)
    Background: Oral cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in a part of the mouth. It may be on the surface of the tongue, the inside of the cheeks, the roof of the mouth (palate), floor of mouth, the lips or gums. It is a preventable disease. Its occurrence is mostly due to lifestyle. Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of oral cancer may well aid in early diagnosis and treatment. This is bound to increase in survival rate. Objectives: To assess the awareness of Oral cancer among patients that visited department of Dentistry and maxillofacial surgery at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study; interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted amongst 221 adult patients attending the Tikur Anbesa Hospital during June, 2023. A 29-item questioner which has 3 sections: demographics, knowledge of risk factors and knowledge of sign & symptoms of oral cancer were used during data collection. Time frame: The study was conducted from June 1 up to June 30, 2023 Result: A total of 221 patients visited the department during the study period. The female to male ratio was 1.51:1 & the mean age of patients was 37.09 years with standard deviation ±13.77. Majority of the participants (86.4%, N=191) were urban & 57.9% (N=128) of the participants were employed. About 52.0% (N=115) of the participants had a basic education or have accomplished primary & secondary level of school. The majority of the participants 65.2% (N=144) didn‟t have any habit of substance use & 75.1% (N=166) of the participants did not hear of oral cancer prior to this research. A total of 45.2% (N=100) of the participants demonstrated good knowledge of signs & symptoms of oral cancer whereas a total of 44.3% (N=98) of the participants demonstrated good knowledge of risk factors of oral cancer. Conclusion: This research demonstrated a lack of public awareness & knowledge about oral cancer. Different measures should be taken to improve public awareness of oral cancer. Dentists and health workers should do more in educating the public.
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    A cross-sectional descriptive study on knowledge, attitude and perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty among healthcare professionals in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-09) Tibebu, Hiwot Demisachew; Negussie,Samson (PhD); Adula, Surafel (PhD)
    Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery evolves around the head and neck region, and acts as a connecting bridge between medical and dental specialties. In many health services communities, the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) as a discipline is frequently not probably understood. Good awareness of OMFS among different branches of health service providers is essential for better referral strategies and will be for the benefit of the patient. Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty among healthcare professionals at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design and a convenient sampling method isused. Self-administered questionnaires were prepared and filled out by the healthcare professionals. Descriptive statistics such as demographic data, knowledge, attitude and perception of study participants from their responses of the questionnaire were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Time frame: The study was conducted from December, 2022 to July, 2023. Result: A total of 125 healthcare professionals were participated in this study. Out of which, 75 were males and 50 were females. Most of participants were in the age range between 20 and 30 years. And, most of them have been in clinical practice in a range of 2 to 5 years. Regarding knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals, the result of this study showed that 76 (60.8%) have poor knowledge and 49 (39.2) have good knowledge. Similarly, most participants have poor attitude towards oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty which accounts for about 79 (63.2%) of participants and 46 (36.8) of them have good attitude. On the contrary, the perception of healthcare professionals towards the level of oral and maxillofacial surgery service given in TikurAnbessa specialized hospital is good in majority of them (76, 60.8%) and the rest 49 (39.2%) participants have poor perception. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is poor knowledge and attitude of oral andmaxillofacial surgery specialty among study participants.
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    A Cross-Sectional Study on Factors Associated with Delayed Hospital Arrival of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-10) Aklilu Belay; Aklilu Azazh
    Acute coronary syndrome remains one of the most significant health burdens of society with significant mortality and morbidity. Lack of awareness about the symptoms and non-availability of infrastructure are associated with a delayed presentation to hospital from the the onset of symptoms in different research.
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    A Cross-Sectional Study on The Accuracy of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (Focus) Perspective Amongst Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-05) Nahom Mesfin; Temesgen Beyene
    The employment by non-cardiologists of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FoCUS) to promptly identify the organizational framework of the heart in critically sick patients attracted the first significant amount of public interest in early 90s. It was demonstrated that individuals with potentially life-threatening medical or surgical disorders might benefit from a quick FoCUS conducted by Emergency Physicians (EPs).
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    A Cross-Sectional Study on The Accuracy of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (Focus) Perspective Amongst Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-05) Mesfin Nahom; Temesgen Beyene
    : The employment by non-cardiologists of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FoCUS) to promptly identify the organizational framework of the heart in critically sick patients attracted the first significant amount of public interest in early 90s. It was demonstrated that individuals with potentially life-threatening medical or surgical disorders might benefit from a quick FoCUS conducted by Emergency Physicians (EPs).
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    A Prospective Cross Sectional Study to Evaluate the Incidence of Acute Transfusion Reaction and its Associated Risk Factors in Ateritiary Care Center in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-02) Assefa,Temesgen; Tadesse,Fissehatsion(Ass.Prof.)
    Background:Transfusion reactions are adverse events associated with the transfusion of whole blood or one of its components. There is no institutional or national data in Ethiopia regarding the incidence of ATR & their risk factors. Theaim of this study is to measure the incidence of ATRs, frequency& time of occurrence of each ATR & evaluate their association with risk factors there by contributing to the institutional & national hem vigilance system. Objective:The main objective of the study is to measure the incidence of ATR & determine their association with different clinical variables. Methods: Prospective cross sectional study design is used to study in patient & outpatient adult transfusion recipients at the department of internal medicine, data was collected with a structured check list, analyzed with IBM SPSS version 24 software. Result: A total of 210 study participants with the age of 13 & above were included in the study from September 1, 2022 – November 30 2022. 50.5 % of study participants are male & 49.5% are females ,the most common age group are between the age of 18 -40,the commonest blood group was O positive.Acute myelogenous leukemia is the commonest underlying diagnosis of the study participants; PRBC is transfused for the majority of patients given for 74.8% of cases. ATR incidence is found to be 10%,ATR was reported in 19.6%of platelet transfused patients as compared to 7% of PRBC, and none of FFP transfused patients develop ATR. FNHTR & urticaria are the commonest ATR observed. Significant association is seen between ATR & female gender, autoimmune disease & ABO incompatible platelettransfusion. Conclusion:The incidence of ATR is higher than reported from previous studies indicating the need to improve institutional transfusion services particularly in high risk patients.
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    A prospective, Randomized, Single Blind Study on the Efficacy of Varying Doses of Dexamethasone in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adult Elective Surgery Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (2024-2025)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-10) Naba, Amanuel; Alfered, Fetiya
    Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication following surgery. Dexamethasone is widely used as a prophylactic antiemetic, though the optimal dose remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of two doses of dexamethasone (4 mg vs. 8 mg) in preventing PONV among adult elective surgical patients
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    A Queuing Analysis of Medicines Registration System Performance in Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023) Alamneh,Abebe; Ali,Eskinder Eshetu(Dr.); Marew,Tesfa
    Background: The limited number of approved medicines and long waiting time for registration are the major challenges limiting the performance of the regulatory system in Ethiopia. Queue analysis is used for characterizing and estimating the queue process and operating variables of the system to alleviate the challenges related to target timelines. Objective: To assess the queuing performance of the registration system at the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA). Methods: A mixed sequential explanatory study design was used for the study. Quantitative data collection involved a review of applications submitted to the EFDA from July 8, 2019 to July 7, 2020. Basic operating characteristics of the registration system performance were executed using single queue multiple server model of the queuing analysis. In-depth interviews with purposively selected registration experts from the EFDA and private organizations were done for the qualitative data collection. Analysis of the interviews involved the thematic analysis approach. Results: Mean arrival rate of applications to the registration system (λ=10.99 services per day) was 23.74% higher than the mean effective service rate of the system (cμ=8.38 services/day). Basic system performance average operating characteristics of the system could not be estimated indicating that an infinite queue of applications built up over time and was hard to achieve any target timeline in EFDA’s current registration system. The qualitative study also showed that the system is being frequently challenged with backlogs. Conclusion: The study documented weak system performance with lengthy registration process. Appropriate measures to improve mean effective registration service rate should be introduced to meet international standards and the agreed citizen’s charter of 2016.
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    A Retrospective Analysis of Newly Diagnosed ITP Patients to Analyze Response to First and Further Line Treatments.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-03) Maasho,Biniam; Gebrmedhin,Amha(Ass.Prof.)
    Background Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a relatively uncommon hematologic disorder with an estimated incidence of 3 to 6 patients /100,000 per year in the West. Initial response rates to corticosteroids average at 70%. In our country data on patient characteristics and outcome of therapy are scarce. Objective The primary objective of this study is to determine the rate of initial response to corticosteroids in newly diagnosed ITP patients. Secondary objectives include duration of response, associations between independent/patient variables and response, duration of PDN therapy and outcomes with further line treatments. Method: This is a retrospective, single-center study conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, a tertiary care hospital located in Addis Ababa. All newly diagnosed ITP patients for whom adequate information regarding their outcome after 1st line therapy was available were included in this study. Data obtained thru a standardized questioner was analyzed by IBM-IPSS version 20 statistical software. Result: A total of 48 study participants with the age of 18 & above were included in the study. Females constitute 85% of the participants. 63% of the patients are less than 35 years old. The mean and range of age are 34 Yrs and 17 Yrs – 52 Yrs. 62 % had an initial response to steroids (52% complete response). The rate of SR at 6 months was 68%, a statistically significant difference from previous reports (P-value < 0.0001< , with a 95% C.I. = 0.4544 - 0.7856). Rituximab and prednisolone were the most frequently used 2nd line drugs. 6 patients were splenectomized. Patients with a response to 1st line prednisolone had a marginally significant better outcome with 2nd /3rd line rituximab Conclusion: Initial response rate to steroids was in line with previous studies done elsewhere. The SR rate was 68% that is significantly more than that reported in previous studies of 1st line prednisolone therapy in newly diagnosed ITP patients.
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    A survey on the indications, diagnostic efficacy and safety of Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: Retrospective study from Dec, 2021 to Nov, 2023
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-03) Ahmed,Seid; Yusuf,Hanan( MD, Ass.Prof.); Kebede, Dawit ( MD, Ass.Prof.); Worku,Aschalew( MD, Ass.Prof.)
    Back ground:In the field of respiratory medicine, Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a crucial diagnostic tool for both infectious respiratory diseases including Tuberculosis and non-infectious conditions, including lung cancer since it allows for direct visualization and sampling of the airways. Given the fact that both are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia and worldwide, a comprehensive retrospective analysis of its usage, safety and diagnostic yield is beneficial to optimize its integration into the hospital's diagnostic protocols. Objective:This study aims to assess the indications, diagnostic efficacy and safety of FOB in the context of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) over a two-year period from December 2021 to November 2023. Methods:This study systematically analyses electronic medical records, bronchoscopy procedural reports and pathology and microbiology reports from TASH over a two-year period spanning from December 2021 to November 2023. Data extraction focuses on patient demographics, smoking history, platelet count and coagulation profile, indications for the procedure, bronchoscopic procedures and finally the safety and diagnostic outcomes of all patients who undergo bronchoscopy over the specified period of time. A waiver was taken from the IRB for the Ethical aspect of the study and patients’ information is anonymised. Collected data is evaluated for consistency and completeness by the investigator. Following collection, data is cleaned, coded, and analysed by SPSS version 26 software. Results:From a total of 227 bronchoscopies, records were available for 205 procedures, with a mean patient age of 43.63 years. The majority were male (52.2%), and 83.9% fell within the age range of 18-65 years. From the cases with HIV testing result, 11/108 (10.2%) were positive. Common indications for bronchoscopy include suspected mass or malignancy (45.85%), tuberculosis (28.29%), and airway inspection (13.66%). Comorbidities such as hypertension (14.15%) and bronchiectasis (11.71%) were identified. Samples collected during bronchoscopy include bronchoalveolar lavage (78.54%), transbronchial biopsy (25.85%), and endobronchial biopsy (10.24%). The overall diagnostic yield for FOB was 75.6%, with specific diagnostic yields for TB, sarcoidosis, and lung cancer at 41.38%, 45.45%, and 51.06%, respectively. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 23.41% of all cases, with adenocarcinoma (43.3%) being the most prevalent subtype. Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis were diagnosed in 14.63% and 5.36% of cases, respectively. Most cases (93.17%) were complication-free, with minor bleeding, hypertension, hypoxemia, and pneumothorax (on 2 patients) observed in a small percentage. Conclusion:Our study shows that the commonest indication for FOB is workup of suspected mass. FOB in TASH has a better yield compared to most other reports from Africa. The highest yield as expected was when there was a visible mass and coupled with endobronchial sampling. Cytology from fluid analysis has the lowest yield for malignancy. The practice of FOB in TASH is a safe procedure and even though rare, blind transbronchial biopsy has a risk of pneumothorax. The commonest histologic type of lung cancer identified is Adenocarcinoma but it was squamous cell carcinoma among smokers.
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    Acceptability and Associated Factors of Provider Initiated HIV Counselling and Testing among OPD Clients with Possible Clinical Sign of HIV Infection in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2011-05) Tesfaye, Tsegaye; Dr. Addissie, Adamu (MD, MPH, MA)
    Introduction: HIV counseling and testing is a gateway to prevention, treatment, care and support services and an essential tool in the control of HIV/AIDS epidemic. Currently HIV status has been very low which cannot be achieved only through the traditional VCT alone and another alternative, routine HIV testing and counseling of patients, also called provider initiated HIV Counseling and testing is proposed. Objective: To assess the acceptability and associated factors of provider initiated HIV counseling and testing among OPD clients with possible clinical sign of HIV infection in West Arsi zone, Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted on outpatient department clients with possible clinical sign of HIV infection in 6 selected health facilities in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. The health facilities were selected randomly; study subjects who came to the health facilities were consecutively interviewed. Data collected by a pre-tested, structured interview questionnaire. Regression model was used to assess factors associated with acceptability of provider initiated HIV Counseling and testing. Results: A total of 539 clients were interviewed with a response rate of 92.3%. The majorities (66.4%) were married, major age distribution was range from 25-29 (29.1%) and the main religion was Muslim (66.2%). Knowledge on importance of provider initiated HIV Counseling and testing was low. The willingness and overall acceptability rate was 86.5%, and 83.1% respectively. The major perceived barriers for acceptability were mainly thinking self as not being at risk, followed by fear of stigma and discrimination. On adjusted covariates of acceptability, acceptability of PIHCT was found to be associated with having information on PIHCT service (OR=0.36; CI=0.22-0.60), less and much support for PIHCT (OR=0.30; CI=0.11-0.85 and OR=0.31; CI=0.12-0.77) and tested for HIV before (OR=0.20; CI=0.10-0.41) Conclusion and Recommendations: The acceptability noticed in this study is high. The major perceived barriers for acceptability was thinking self as not being at risk. Having information on PIHCT service, tested for HIV before, and extent of support for PIHCT were found to be important predictors of acceptability of PIHCT. Hence, intensive IEC/BCC and promotional activities through different means should be in place to raise level of awareness, support and routine testing to facilitate its acceptability and reduce major barriers that affect PIHCT service utilization at all level.
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    Acceptability of Azithromycin Mass Treatment for Trachoma Elimination in Injibara Town and Adjacent Banja Woreda of Awi Zone, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Tilahun, Zelalem; Gedif, Teferi(PhD)
    Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Globally 1.2 billion people live in endemic areas. In Ethiopia, approximately 67 million people are at risk for trachoma. The Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia is the most trachoma-endemic among all nine regional states and two city administrations, with Trachomatous inflammation Follicular prevalence of 62.6%. Mass azithromycin treatment is the one arm of the SAFE strategy. The trachoma elimination program would be successful if and only if the coverage is as high as possible with full community participation. If not all the community members attend the mass treatment, the trachoma infection will return to the baseline prevalence after the treatment stopped due to high transmission rate. The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability of the azithromycin mass treatment and its determinants in Injibara town and the adjacent Banja woreda of Awi zone, Amhara National Regional State. A community based cross sectional survey with both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted from July 7-25, 2013. Households’ survey with structured questionnaire, FGDs and key informant interviews were used for data collection. A total of 5826 eligible household members from 1267 households were enrolled in the survey. The 2012 annual azithromycin mass treatment coverage obtained from the present study was 92.9%. From the total 6 rounds of azithromycin mass treatment in the study area, only half (50.6%) of the community took for more than three times. On average, each illegible person in the community had taken the drug for 3.6 times. The percentage of rural household members who had taken azithromycin more than three times was higher than the corresponding urban members. The rural residents were at better performance in taking the 2012 treatment as compared to the urban residents (AOR=2.35; 95%CI [1.80-3.06]). Household heads interference with the drug uptake of their family members’ has negative association with azithromycin uptake (AOR=0.153; CI=95% (0.086-0.272). All the study participants who were X greater than 30 years more likely took azithromycin more than 3 times as compared with children less than 15 years (COR=2.81, AOR=2.74, 95% CI [1.95-3.02]). Azithromycin uptake status of female household heads was less than the corresponding male household heads (AOR=0.41; 95% CI [0.24-0.720]). Household heads awareness about trachoma (AOR=2.55; 95% CI [1.19-5.44]) and azithromycin mass treatment (AOR=7.19; 95% CI [3.27-15.82]) had positive association with acceptability. The 2012 azithromycin mass treatment coverage in Injibara town and Banja woreda was higher than the WHO minimum target. But, concerning to the overall coverage, the data taken from the present study contradicts the coverage data taken from the woreda. The communities’ Azithromycin mass treatment acceptability had increased in the recent campaigns as compared to the previous campaigns. There is low coverage and acceptability of the treatment in the urban community as compared to the rural residents. Supplementary benefits of azithromycin, health education about trachoma and the drug, willingness and being old are some of the factors positively related with acceptability whereas educational status, marital status and experience with side effects were not associated with the drug uptake status. Strengthen the program in the urban and consideration of additional campaigns for both areas as well as providing additional health education with skilled health professionals is mandatory. Key words: Azithromycin mass treatment, Mass drug administration, Acceptability, Trachoma, Trachoma elimination
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    Acceptability of cervical cancer screening using See and Treat (SAT) approachand determinant factors among women of reproductive age in health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (2017-10) Bejiga, Birra; Ahimed(Professor), Ali
    Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst female cancer worldwide, especially in developingcountries, including Ethiopia. The level of women’s acceptance of cervical cancer screening and treatment service is low and not well documented in Ethiopia. The current study sought to assess women’s acceptance about cervical cancer screening and determinant factors of the service. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability of cervical cancer screening and treatment of precancerous cervical lesions and determinant factors among Women aged 30–49 years at selected health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: A facility based cross sectional study which contain quantitative and qualitative methods were conducted at 14 public health centers in Addis Ababa, from November, 2016 to October 2017.Totally a sample of 316 women aged 30–49 years were taken for Quantitative study and a single stage simple random sampling technique was employed to address the study subjects. For the Qualitative part 12 health professionals who were providing the service were interviewed purposively. Acceptability of cervical cancer screening and treatment service was measured after the women underwent the procedure, using women’s Satisfaction on service delivered.Descriptive, Binary and multiple logistic regressions were employed to determine factors associated with acceptance about cervical cancer screening and treatment service.The transcribed and translated qualitative data was coded using cut and paste method of similar item. Then finally the codes were categorized and thematically described. Result: one hundred forty seven (47%) of the participants accepted cervical cancer screening and treatment service. Almost half (48.6%) of the participant were not knowledgeable. After adjusting for covariates, acceptance of cervical cancer screening and treatment service was positively associated with being governmental employee [(AOR=5.85, 95% C.I:5.85(1.7, 20.0)], women who had history of vaginal burning [(AOR=4.57, 95% C.I:4.57(1.417,14.76)], information about status of women [ (AOR = 0.06,95% CI: (0.014,0.26)], Delay screening and treatment time [(AOR = 7.6,95% CI: 7.6(2.89,20)], happy with staff behavior,[(AOR =4.6, 95% CI: 4.6(1.1,19.77)], health education about the service [(AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.45(1.049,5.74)] , and women who were happy with setup of examination room [(AOR = 3.96, 95% CI: 3.96(1.32,20.85)] respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study shows a suboptimal acceptance of cervical cancer screening and treatment services. Occupational status, test related problem, Lack of health education, Delay screening and treatment time, setup of examination room and staff behavior were found to be important determinants. Efforts are needed to increase women’s acceptance and knowledge about the service. Organization working on cervical cancer should establish a separate service delivery on screening and treatment program and should highly enhancehealth education and awareness creation program.
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    Acceptability of COVID 19 Vaccines among Health Care Workers and its Determinants in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021G.C.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-11) Abraham, Yisehak; Dr. Tilahun, Rahel(Senior Anesthesiologist); Dr.Birhanu. Tseganesh (Senior Anesthesiologist)
    Background: Healthcare workers who have negative attitudes, are averted, or are hesitant about vaccinations share these unfavorable attitudes and tend to recommend vaccination to their patients infrequently(1). Despite the huge efforts made to achieve successful COVID-19 vaccines, a major hindrance can be related to vaccine hesitancy towards the approved and prospective COVID-19 vaccination(2). The willingness to accept the vaccine among health care workers range from 28% lowest in Congo to 77% in France(3,4). Objective: To assess the acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa 2020G.C. Method: Institutional based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among health care workers of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital. Which is one of the tertiary hospital in the country. The source population was health care worker of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital. Stratified random sampling was used with a final sample size of 384. The data was collected using an online questionnaire. Data was checked for completeness and imported to SPSS 20 software for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done for Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Bivariate logistic regression was done for each predictor variable and outcome variable. Multiple logistic regressions were done and statistical significance p-value less than 0.05 was taken as a determinant factor. Result: Of the total 390 health care worker who started the online questionnaire 384 completed it a (98.4% completion rate). Among the 384 participants 256(66.7%) respondents were willing to have the COVID 19 vaccine, 50.8 % were willing to be vaccinated as soon as the vaccine becomes available while 49.2% would delay vaccination until the vaccine's safety is confirmed. Having a high risk of contracting COVID and believing that the COVID-19 vaccine should be compulsory for all increased probability of getting vaccinated Conclusion and recommendation: Healthcare workers are at great risk of contracting and spreading the disease and, unless wide-acceptance of the vaccine is achieved. One of the crucial method is to alleviate fear of side effects.
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    Acceptability of Human Milk Donation and Associated Factors among Postnatal Mothers at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-10) Eyerus Mekonnen; Fekadu Aga
    The best nutrition for babies is breast milk; nevertheless, problems with the mother or the child may cause breastfeeding to be stopped temporarily or permanently. According to WHO and UNICEF, pasteurized donor milk is advised as an infant's first option. Ethiopia does not have a human milk bank yet, but the Ministry of Health is considering to establishing one. It is important to carefully assess if mothers perspective on the acceptability before establishing a human breast milk bank.
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    Acceptance and Use of Elearning Management System in Medical Schools in Ethiopia; the Case Of Medical Educators in Aau College of Health Sciences and Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-23) Temesgen Endalew; Amha Mekasha
    The integration of eLearning Management System within Ethiopia's medical education sector is poorly documented, with limited research exploring its acceptance and use. Existing studies primarily focus on technology instructors and postgraduate medical students, with a significant gap concerning medical educators specifically. This absence of data creates challenges for stakeholders wishing to advance eLearning Management Sytems in Ethiopian medical schools