Browsing by Author "Mindaye Tedla"

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    Assessment of Antiretroviral Therapy Monitoring Laboratory Services Quality in Governmental Hospitals at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2011-06) Mindaye Tedla; Taye Bineyam
    Background: - Despite the fact that Ethiopia is accelerating its ARTprogram, little is known about the quality of ART monitoring laboratoryservices in health facilities. Objective: - To assess the quality of ART monitoring laboratory services inpublic hospitals of Addis Ababa with emphasis on client satisfaction,providers’ views, functional & structural status of the ART monitoringlaboratory service. Methods: - Hospital based, descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from October to November 2010. In this study both quantitative andqualitative design forms were used. A total of 422 clients were considered forexit interview about their satisfaction towards ART monitoring laboratoryservices using structured questionnaire. To assess the structural and functional aspects of ART monitoring laboratories, observation checklist wasused. In-depth interview of providers were conducted to assess their viewson quality of ART monitoring laboratory services. Data were coded andentered using EPI info 2002 (Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlanta, GA) and analyzed using SPSS version 15 software (SPSS INC,Chicago, IL, USA). Satisfaction score was calculated by giving a value of onefor very satisfied. A value of two was assigned for response of satisfied; threefor neutral response. Values of four and five were given for dissatisfied andvery dissatisfied responses respectively. The mean, median and mode scoresfor the overall satisfaction were calculated. Median of the summary score ofsatisfaction was used to classify as satisfied and none satisfied since thedistribution of summary scores was skewed. Bivariate and multivariatelogistic regression models were also used to examine the effect of selectedvariables on patients’ satisfaction with ART monitoring laboratory services byusing Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). P-Value less than0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Variables that were found with astatistically significant association (p<0.05) at univariate logistic analysiswere entered and analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: - A total response rate of 406 (96.2%) from 422 sample size wasobtained. Among those 255(62.8%) were females. The overall satisfactionrate was 47.5%. The major determinants for none satisfaction were lack ofspace in blood drawing room to put client personal thing (AOR= 3.377, 95%CI 1.511-7.550, P=0.00), lack of information regarding bruises followingblood drawing (AOR= 2.029; CI 1.162-3.542, P=0.01 ),waiting time to get laboratory results (AOR= 4.096; CI 1.769-9.485, P=0.00), needle stick whileattempting to draw blood (AOR=7.769, 95% CI 1.280-47.166, P=0.02),waiting time to get blood drawing service (AOR= 7.643, 95% CI2.62722.236,P=0.00). None of the hospital laboratory had guideline for disposalof damagedor expired laboratory reagents. Equipmenm aintenance wasone ofthemajor problemsfound inalmost allpublichospital of thecity providingARTservicesduringin-depthinterviewofproviders. Conclusion:-Theoverall satisfactionlevelof clientswithART monitoringlaboratoryservices was 47.5%.Accessibilityand availability of latrines,abilityofphlebotomistto answerquestionsraisedby clientsandcomfort ofchairsinblooddrawingroomwereconsideredthemost significantfactors forlowsatisfactionlevels.Equipmentmaintenancewasa major challengeinrendering ART monitoring laboratory services in public hospitals.
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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Occupational Health and Safety Among Medical Laboratory Personnel In Selected Governmental Teaching Hospitals Of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-10) Kassa Wondwossen; Mindaye Tedla
    Background: Medical laboratory is one of the most at risk place where a range of occupationalhazards can occur. Workplace related health impairments, injuries and illnesses which causegreat human suffering and incur high costs of capital as a whole intended to identify andprevented by the establishment of Occupational Health and Safety. To avoid these occupationalhazards individuals who are working in the laboratory should be aware of safety practice,monitored and evaluated employees information gap, knowledge as well as attitudinal behavior. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practices towards occupational health and safetyamong Medical laboratory professionals in selected government teaching hospitals in Ethiopia. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted between March and May 2015 among 173Medical laboratory professionals working in government teaching hospitals. Data was collectedusing self-administered structured questionnaire; it was also supported by in-depth interview andphysical observation checklist. Data entry, analysis and quality of data were maintained by SPSSversion 20 software. Level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Result: Of 173 total respondents, 112(64.7%) were male and the age of participant’s liesbetween18 - ≥ 46. The overall mean knowledge score of participant was 6.0 ± (SD 1.29), meanattitude score was 18.7± (SD 4.2) and mean practice score was 20.4 ± (SD 2.31). There werestrong association between occupational health & safety training, risk assessment training andknowledge score (p=0.000). Similarly, orientation on occupational health & safety wassignificantly associated with attitude score (p= 0.002). In addition, work experience (p= 0.000),training on occupational health and safety (p=0.000) and risk assessment (p=0.004) weresignificantly associated with practice score of laboratory professionals. Conclusion: Training on occupational health & safety as well as risk assessment training weresignificantly associated with level of knowledge and practice. Moreover, orientation wasstatistically associated with attitude. Thus intervention that should focus on training occupationalhealth & safety, risk assessment and positive attitude creation are required to strengthenoccupational health and safety knowledge, attitude and practice in medical laboratoryprofessionals
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    Assessment of Medical Laboratory Request form Completeness and non- Communicated Result to Clinicians in the two public Hospitals Found in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Ali Muluberhan; Mindaye Tedla
    Back ground: Long years ago, history and physical examinations have been the mostimportant part of patient's assessment. However, in recent years, the care of patients hasbecome increasingly dependent on the results of laboratory investigations, and clinicallaboratories have become a major component in the delivery of health care.Correctlydesigned and properly completed request forms are vital for the performance of alllaboratory tests to the benefit and satisfaction of users.Results that never reach thephysician affect the quality of patient care and unnecessarily wastage of financial healthresources. Objective-The objective of this study was to evaluate the content of empty request form tothe standard and to assess completeness of filled information on medical laboratory requestform and communication of results to users in two public Hospitals of Hawassa city,southern Ethiopia. Methods– ACross-sectional descriptive study design was employed. We collected allrequest forms submitted to the laboratory during March 15-30, 2015. Data was collectedand information was recorded on the data collection sheet and cheeked for itscompleteness. To assess non-communicated requested result.we reviewed patient medicalrecord. Furthermore to asses factors contributed to improper completicollection, clinicians were asked using pre structured questionnaire. Finally data wereanalyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Result -The content of HURH empty medical laboratory request form to the standard was16(72.7%) and Adare hospital 9(40.9%) A total of one thousand nine hundred requestforms were studied. Our assessment revealed that, none of the request form wascompletely filled. All of the request forms 100% studied revealed that three or more gapsin the completion of the items assessed. From reviewed requests 23.8% was uncollectedand from this 83(33.1%) was CBC. Conclusion -This study demonstrates that, the standard of completion of request formswas poor. Essential information required on the forms was often missing. This can lead tolimited advice given by laboratory personnel and may increase the potential for errors.Conversely, provision of all the information needed on the forms will aid laboratorydiagnosisand enhancepatient careandsavetimeand resource
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    Assessment on Factors Influencing the Job Satisfaction Level of Medical Laboratory Professionals Working in Addis Ababa Government Hospitals
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Mekonnen Tesfaye; Mindaye Tedla
    Background: Medical Laboratory professionals have an important role to play in assuring thequality of laboratory test results are accurate, reliable and provided in a timely manner – forbetter patient care. Job satisfaction level of these professionals is one of the most importantfactors to deliver quality laboratory services, reduce staff turnover, increase motivation ofemployee, and active engagement in their current assigned responsibilities. Objective: To assess the factors influencing the job satisfaction level of medical laboratoryprofessionals working in Addis Ababa government hospitals. Method: The study has a total of 26 questions with in the questionnaire and expected tomeasure qualitatively and semi quantitatively the job satisfaction level of medical laboratoryprofessionals in government hospital laboratory in Addis Ababa.Self-administeredquestionnaire were distributed to laboratory professionals working in Addis Ababagovernment hospitals. The results were entered and interpreted by using SPSS version 16 analysis and statistical software (SPSS INC, Chicago, IL, USA) quantitatively. Result: Employees are not satisfied with their job working hour and work environment and the finding further indicates that absence of professional career and presence of job stress aremaking them dissatisfied. The competency assessment and the lab set up are the othervariables that employees are not contented with. The study also identifies that employeesworking in laboratory are not pleased with work relationship they have and they feel thatthere is no transparent way to communicate their idea which ultimately is making themdissatisfied. In contrast, the area that employees are satisfied includes relationship withleaders, appraisal policy, recognition and rewards. The study identifies that the existing salarystructure, compensation, and the benefit packages are not capable enough to keep the employees satisfied. The study identifies that employees’ satisfaction in relation to benefitpackage policy and the equipment currently working varies with the age group of employees.The test further indicates that all the variables are independent of the work experience groupexcept three variables which are recognition and rewards, employee benefit package policyand growing professionally that employees’ satisfaction varies with the work experience ofemployees against in relation to these variables Conclusion: The level of employees’ satisfaction is high in terms of relationship with leaders,availability of work equipment, workload and quality of result, and the recognition andreward provided. In contrast, they are dissatisfied with the working hour, work relationshipand benefit packages. The study also identifies some job satisfaction variables that aredependent on age, work experience, and level of education which provides information toemployers to develop customized strategies to keep the employees satisfied according to theirneeds. The study further provides recommendations which are triggered from the findingsthat employers should consider in their human resource activities.Hence, measuring laboratory professional’s job satisfaction level regularly with standardchecklist is one of the most important approaches to tackle job related problems on timely bases with in the organization
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    Assessment on Implementation of Quality Management System and Their Challenges In Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Laboratory. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Beshah Daniel; Mindaye Tedla
    Background: Quality laboratory services and systems constitute the foundation forstrengthening health care systems. Including Ethiopia, developing countries are on the way ofestablishing laboratory standards that are affordable and easy to implement and monitor in theirfacilities. This study was conducted to assess the laboratory starting from implementation ofQuality Management System (IQMS), up to the final assessment. Objective: The Objectives of the study is to assess implementation of quality managementsystem and associated challenges in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: Exploratory study was done by using available information, assessment data,questionnaire, in-depth interview and observational assessment from February 14/2013 – May5/2014. All willing laboratory staffs were included in the research and non-probability purposivesampling technique was applied. Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 20. Result: The progress of quality management system implementation after one year and threemonth from baseline assessment result of 41/250(16.4%) to final assessment result95/250(38.0%) were 54(21.6%) with the mean value of 7.9 for12 QSE (P = 0.001).The identifiedchallenges were staff Job dissatisfaction leads to staff demotivation, shortage of supportivestaffs, lack of proper laboratory management, lack of Hospital management commitment,weakness of supporting (management) departments finance, purchasing, budget and maintenancedepartments, lack of budgets allocation for the laboratory, delay on purchasing system arecritical challenges affecting the laboratory. Weakness in pharmacy supply chain managementsystem, very poor store management, lack of mini store, lack of backup equipment and lack ofequipment maintenance system are other challenging issues of laboratory. In appropriateness ofsample collection area benches and sinks to keep samples and documents
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    Assessment on the Stepwise Laboratory Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) Implementation in Selected Public Hospital Laboratories in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-10) Beyene Kefelegn; Mindaye Tedla
    Background; Strengthening Laboratory Improvement ProcessTowards Accreditation recognizes laboratories where they are in the process of qualit y improvement; through audits and direct on technical assistance. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the implementation status of SLIPTA in selected public hospital laboratories in Ethiopia. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was used to assess the implementation status of SLIPTA in four public hospital laboratories in Ethiopia. The facilities were selectedusing purposive technique. Their implementation status was assessed using SLIPTA standardchecklist, and a semi-structured questioner to identify factors during the implementation phases.The current and the last audit scores of the facilities had compared against the SILPTA scorelevel. Interview based exploratory discussion for the key informants were used. This study wasconducted from April to October 2015. Results: This finding indicated that two laboratories (lab.3 and lab.4) were improved from zerostars [82(31.78%) and 102(39.5%) points] in pervious audit result to two stars [175(67.8%) and182(70.5%) points] in current audit result respectively. The other two laboratories (Lab.1 andLab. 2) had no changes that score zero stars with pervious audit result [94 (36.4%) and 82(32.56%)] to current audit result [95 (36.8%) and 104 (40.31%)] respectively. All (16/16) keyinformants responded that they had no written plan, follow up, report of the SLIPTA program;and with staff attrition rate, no written duties and responsibilities. Conclusion: Improvements were seen with Lab.3 and Lab.4 which reaching two stars from zerostars at the WHO SLIPTA audit result within one year. These laboratories had better partnershipsupport that initiate or drive the laboratories and better management style when it is compare tothe other two laboratories. The factors that affect the SLIPTA program were mainly in humanresources and development part that corresponding to lack of concern, commitment, dedication,managerial skill; and resistance to new approach, staff attrition rate, no written duties andresponsibilities and demotivation. Key Words: SLIPTA, WHO-AFRO, Transcription, Key Informants, Quality Management System
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    Assessment On the Storage Condition of Medical Laboratory Commodities In Medical Stores and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of The Store Managers on The Appropriate Storage of Medical Laboratory Commodities in Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Hussien Kelemework; Mindaye Tedla
    Background: Medical laboratory commodity management system especially storage system oflaboratory supplies is a challenge for health professionals. Since absence of proper storagecondition for laboratory supplies is leading to damaging and out of stock for essential supplies,the need of proper store management have gained a great attention. Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted in eleven government hospitals’ medical storesin Addis Ababa from January, 1, 2014 -February, 1, 2014. Data was collected using structuredquestionnaires. Data was entered by EPI INFO version 3.1statistical software and analyzed withSPSS version 20 statistical analysis software. Frequencies were used to express theassessmenton the storage condition of medical laboratory commodities and Knowledge, Attitude andPractice (KAP) of store managers on the appropriate storage of medical laboratory commodities. Results: Data was collected from eleven governmental hospitals found in Addis Ababa. Tenstorage. Lack of adequate space and infrastructures to store medical laboratory commodities were challenges in half of the facilities. Adequate and regular training should be given to the responsible personnelfor better storage of medical laboratory commodities(91%) hospitals’ medical stores didn’t have frozen storage of either -200C or -700C but all of themedical stores had cold storage of 2-80C. All hospital medical stores, except one, had guidelinesfor storing cold chain items. Only 4 (36.4%) of the hospitals were separate flammable chemicalswhereas 6(54.5%) of them did separate hazardous chemicals and majority 10 (91%) did separatedamaged and expired supplies from the non-expired and non-damaged commodities. All of thesore managers were responded that, they knew the appropriate storage of cold chain items while2(18.2%) of them did not know how to properly store cold items. Seven (63.6%) of the storemanagers thought that monitoring store temperature is necessary and 6(54.5%) them thought thatthe quality of their store was in compliance with the standard storage guideline. Conclusion: The storage condition of majority of the facilities was in compliance with thestandard storage guideline. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of majority of the store managerson the appropriate storage of medical laboratory commodities, were adequate on all laboratory
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    Assessments of Patients’ Satisfaction Towards Clinical Laboratory Services Received at Uniformed Service Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Tesfaye Tadesse; Mindaye Tedla
    Back ground: The patients experience the services in another way than the laboratory staff andmanagement, and may indicate weak elements in laboratory services that the laboratory was notaware of. Therefore, the clients of the laboratory are a very good source to discover elements of Objective: To assess patients’ satisfaction towards clinical laboratory services received atUniformed Service Hospitals in Addis Ababa, April to May 2014. Methods: A cross sectional, hospital based, descriptive study was conducted between April andMay, 2014, on a sample of 422 service users of the laboratory using systematic random samplingtechnique. Data was collected using structured questionnaire, through face to face interview andanalyzed by SPSS windows version 15.0. Satisfaction score was calculated by using Likert’s fiveScale giving a value of 1 for very dissatisfied up to a value of 5 for very satisfied. Median of thesummary score of satisfaction was used to classify as satisfied and dissatisfied since thedistribution of summary scores was skewed. Logistic regression model was also used to examinethe effect of selected variables on patients’ satisfaction with laboratory services. P-Value lessthan 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Results: The respondent’s age range was between 18 and 66 years. 34.4% and 65.6% were fromArmed Forces Referral and Teaching Hospital and Federal Police Referral Hospital, respectively.The overall satisfaction level of patients towards clinical laboratory services was 51.7% with theresponse rate of 422 (100%). Among the different indicators, patients were highly satisfied withcourtesy/respect by laboratory workers (84.6%) while patients were highly dissatisfied withunavailability of laboratory workers on working hours (48.6%). The major determinants fordissatisfaction were long waiting time to give laboratory specimen (AOR=1.99, 95% CI 1.10 –3.58, P=0.02), lack of place in blood drawing room to put personal thing (AOR= 6.83, 95%CI3.07 – 15.20, P=0.00), lack of place in latrine room to put personal things (AOR=21.95, 95% CI5.38-89.51, P=0.00), unavailability of ordered laboratory tests (AOR=2.98, 95% CI 1.68-5.34,P=0.00) and dissatisfaction of patients towards pre-laboratory services (AOR= 7.99, 95% CI4.47- 12.28, P=0.00). Conclusion: Of 422 respondents only 51.7 % of patient was satisfied with clinical laboratoryservices. Long waiting time to give laboratory specimen, availability of place in latrine and blooddrawing rooms to put personal things, unavailability of ordered laboratory tests anddissatisfaction of patients towards pre-laboratory services were found to have statisticallysignificant association with the overall satisfaction of patients towards clinical laboratoryservices. Therefore, these might be the possible determinants for the dissatisfaction of patientswith clinical laboratory services. Key words: Satisfaction, Patients’ satisfaction, Clinical laboratory services laboratory service that can be improved.
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    Genetic diversity of Plasmodium Falciparum Field Isolates Based on two PCR Markers Merozoite Surface Protein 1 and 2 from Kolla-shelle area, Arbaminch Zuria District, South West Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Mohammed Hussein; Mindaye Tedla
    Background: The population structure of the causative agents of human malaria, Plasmodiumspecies including the most serious agent Plasmodium falciparum ( P.falciparum), depends onthe local epidemiological and demographic situations, such as the incidence of infected people,the vector transmission intensity and migration of inhabitants (i.e. exchange between sites).Oneof the major characteristics of malaria parasites is their genetic diversity and an increasingnumber of studies have been reported on the population structure variation of P. falciparumbased on the polymorphism of merozoite surface protein (MSP) 1 and 2. Limited data howeverare available from Ethiopia. Objective: To evaluate the extent of genetic diversity of P falciparum in Kola-Shele in SouthWest of Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility based cross sectional study design was employed to determine theprevalence of genetic diversity of P.falciparum in Kola-Shele area. Eighty-eight stored driedblood spot samples which were collected between September and December, 2008 were used.Parasite DNA was extracted from the blood spot on to filter paper and analyzed by lengthpolymorphism following gel electrophoresis of DNA products from nested polymerase chainreactions targeted block 2 of msp-1 and block 3 of msp-2,including their allelic families:K1,MAD20,RO33 and FC27,3D7/IC1, respectively. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excelsheet and was double entered to verify accuracy; data was analyzed using SPSS for windows 16soft ware (SPSS INC, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The total number of alleles identified in MSP1 block 2 was 11, while 12 alleles wereobserved in MSP2 block 3.In MSP1, K1was found to be the predominant allelic type, carriedalone, with MAD20 and RO33 type. In MSP2, 3D7/IC was the most identified. Forty- three andsixty nine percent of isolates MSP1 and MSP2, respectively had high multiple genotypes andthe overall mean multiplicity of infection was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.48-2.04). Conclusion: The Genetic diversity in P. falciparum field isolates in kolla-Shelle area were mixedand multiple infections were observed. K1 and 3D7/IC1 were the most predominant circulatingallelic families