Food Security Studies

Permanent URI for this collection

http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/15

Browse

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Causes of Seasonal Food Insecurity and Coping Strategies among Rural Farmers in Wara Jarso Woreda, North Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-09) Lemma, Berhanu; Abi, Meskerem PhD
The aim of this study was to investigate causes of seasonal food insecurity in Wara Jarso District, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approach. Household surveys, key informant interview, focus group discussion and document review was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and standard deviation. Multiple regression analysis, Independent t- test and one way ANOVA was used among econometric analysis. Food security analysis was also computed using Household Food balance model. The result revealed that causes of seasonal food insecurity are related to land holding size, possession of farm oxen, economic status, saving culture of the household and access to credit. There is low productive asset in the study area, credit access is poor, there is no access to fertilizer credit, level of economic activities are poor and job opportunities are lacking. To this regard the result of analytical tools revealed, Farmers who have large landholding, farm oxen and livestock and high off farm income have more dietary energy than farmers who do not have these property or have less; similarly farmers who have got access to credit, save their grain or cash, apply more fertilizer, access to extension services have more dietary energy than their counter parts. Any initiatives which support farmers to have enough productive resources, strengthening institutions, diversifying income opportunity, awareness creation on saving and expenditure related to socio cultural practice may mitigate seasonal of food insecurity.
Contribution of Small-Scale Irrigation on Rural Household Food Security in Merewa and Mutifecha Oromiya Special Zone Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Wube, Natan; Abi, Meskerem PhD
The extent of small-scale irrigation has successfully increased the food security of households in rural Ethiopia. However, it is not well understood that households face a food insecurity problem due to natural induced hazards. The households in Merewa and Mutifecha area introduced small-scale irrigation to improve food security. The main aim of this study was to examine the contribution of small-scale irrigation to the food security of rural households and to identify the factors that limit participation in irrigation. Data was collected from 202 irrigation users and non-users selected randomly by taking from two sampled rural Kebeles of Merewa and Mutifecha. Survey questionnaire, focus group discussions, observations and key informants’ interview were used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and econometric models using SPSS version 20 and STATA version 14. Statistical Techniques, including the t-test and the X2 -test, were used to analyze the descriptive results, while the probit and poison regression model was used to determine the determinant of participation in small-scale irrigation and its role in the Identify household food security. The finding of the study revealed that, the status of food security using FCS cut-off point was 61.39% with adequate food consumption, 30.69% with borderline food consumption and the poor food consumption households’ being 7.92% for irrigation participants which was higher than nonirrigation participants 25.49% adequate,33.34% borderline and, 41.17% poor FCS and statistically significant at 5% level. The Study also found Education, access to market information, access to training, male gender in the household, total livestock size are the main factors that largely explain rural participation and access to irrigation significant at 5% which that there are statistically significant differences in the use of improved seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, as well as in the production of diversified agricultural products, between irrigation users and users who do not use 5% irrigation. Market access, lack of capital to buy agricultural products, frequent diseases Infestation, lack of knowledge of the use of modern irrigation technology, and lack of supply of irrigation inputs were the five main restrictions for participating in small-scale irrigation practices within the study area. The study recommends market access, the expansion of appropriate crop protection mechanisms, provision of education and awareness of farmers through extension experts and the provision of other complementary services in order to increase the participation of irrigation to improve food security. Therefore, the Woreda Department of Agriculture, the division of natural resources and crop production should meet in coordination with interested development partners in order to promote funding development of these small irrigation schemes.
Determinants of Agro-Pastoral Households’ Food Security and Coping Mechanism in Itang Special Woreda, Gambella Region, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-10) Taliat, Kache; Abi, Meskerem PhD
This study investigated the households’ food security status and indigenous coping strategies adopted to overcome food shortage in Itang special wareda. Data for this study was collected through survey from 260 randomly selected sampled households. The study also, conducted key informant interview and, focus group discussion with discussants and personal field observation. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to identify determinants of households’ food security. In addition, food security analysis techniques were used to analyze the food security status and coping strategies of the households. The results of household food insecurity access scale revealed that 13.46% of households were food secure and 86.54% of households were food insecure. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of households’ food security status. The result showed that among the variables included in the model, family size, educational level, livestock ownership and distance from the market were statistically significant in affecting the dependent variable. Family size and distance from the market affected households’ food security negatively whereas education level and livestock ownership affected the extent of food security positively. Moreover, the study identified that selling livestock, reducing meal size, consume seed from stock and prepare local wine were the top four main coping mechanisms adopted to cope up the food shortage in the study area. Finally, the study suggested that awareness of family planning; educated people to catch up with model technology; modeling livestock rearing and saving institutional environment were recommended.
Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown Measures on the Food Security Status of Sex Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Tesfaye, Gelila; Abi, Meskerem PhD
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus that presents pneumonia-like symptoms. Beyond immediate health concerns, COVID-19 has both direct and indirect impacts on food security. The government of Ethiopia took several measures including lockdown to reduce the impacts of the pandemic. Most severely affected by the movement cessations are the urban poor. Sex workers represent an important group that exemplifies the vulnerability of workers in the informal labor sector. The main purpose of this study is to explore the assess COVID-19 lockdown measures on the food security statuses of sex workers in Bole and Akaki Kaliti sub city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This research employed cross-sectional mixed research design and used purposive and snowball sampling technique. The study used HFIAS, FCS and CSI to analyze the food security status of households. The result shows that 94.4% of the respondents have family under their support, 74.4% of them have children and 96.7% of the respondent have no partner. Purchasing food, supporting family, home rent and addiction make up most of their expenses. In addition, 57.8% of them have saving practices and only 20% of them participate in mutual –aid and social networking activities (5.6% Iddir and 14.4% Equb). The HFIAS result showed that 98.1% of the study households are food insecure, whereas, the FCS indicated 87.8% of them are poor and borderline food consumption. The study implied that COVID-19 and its lockdown measures were highly affected the livelihood and food security statuses of the sex workers and their family. The study recommended the need to assess sex workers capacity and based on the assessment prepare entrepreneurship training and activities; create strong and organized sex workers unions in order for them to have a strong voice in society; create new saving option for them with better interest and giving them credit according to their savings
Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change on Agricultural Production: The Case of Negelle Arsi Woreda, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Letta, Koricho; Abi, Meskerem PhD
Livelihoods of the rural communities depends on agricultural sector which is often affected by the variability and extremes of climate change. To capture the variation in Ethiopia’s biophysical conditions (i.e., elevation, climate, terrain, soil type, vegetation, and fauna) the MoA has previously split the country into 32 Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs). For assessment in this strategy, the AEZs have been clustered to create 14 Adaptation Planning Zones (APZs). This is in order to simplify the analysis while reflecting the diversity within Ethiopia’s climate. The study area is one of the climate changes prone areas in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Hence understanding of area specific and adaptation is crucial to develop and implement proper adaptation strategies that can reduce the adverse impact of climate change on crop and livestock sectors. This study investigated how the farming communities perceive climate change, its adverse impacts, adaptation mechanisms they practice and factors that hampers their decision to adapt appropriate strategies. Both primary and secondary data were used, and the primary data were collected through discussions, observation, and interviews. Moreover, annual temperature and precipitation data were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia for the period between 1983 and 2016. The study applied CV, SRA, a nonparametric Sen’s slope estimator and Mann–Kendall’s trend tests to detect the magnitude and statistical significance of climate variability. The Multinomial regression models with the help of software STATA version 13 were used to analyze the influence of the socioeconomic characteristics of sample households on the farmer's decision to choose climate change adaptation strategies. The result shows many of the farmers choose drought and disease resistant short season variety (75%), crop diversification (66%) and irrigation (47%) as adaptation strategies to the changing climate despite their actual adaptation practices in place. The result also indicated that crop failure, drought and shortages of water, pest and diseases, soil erosion and flooding are key climate change-related problems. To alter the negative impact of climate, farmers are mainly using drought resistant crops and livestock varieties, adjustment of planting dates, agroforestry and income sources diversification. The econometric model indicated that education, farmland, sex of household head, access to credit and market and extension services were the key factors determining farmers’ adaptation practices in the study area. The study concludes that farmers’ capacity to choose effective adaptation options depends on their affordability to buy farm inputs and get access to irrigation technologies. Thus, increasing their engagement on of farm activities that are less impacted by climate variability can be taken as best alternative way of adaptation mechanism. Segregation of detail adaptation strategies by subagroecologies is limitation of the study and it is recommended for further study.
Food Security Status of Urban Smallholder Livestock Producers in Addis Ababa: The Case of Akaki Kality Sub City
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-09) Bejiga, Tesfaye; Abi, Meskerem PhD
The overall objective of this study was to assess the food security status of smallholder livestock producers in Akaki Kality sub city. Cross sectional study design was conducted and both primary and secondary data were used to collect relevant information. Primary data was collected through survey with 383 sample households and key informant interviews. Description statistical analysis and bivariate analysis was used to analyze the collected data. Moreover, HFIAS was used to measure the food security status of urban livestock producers. Demographic findings in this study showed that about 80 (20.9%) female and 303 (79.1%) male and their education status revealed that about 30 (7.83%), 104(27.15%) and 249(65.01%) were illiterate, read and write and Literate respectively. About 123(32.1%) livestock producers were only involved in livestock production and the remaining respondents participated in additional occupation. Among studied households about 213 (55.6%), 145 (37.9%), 94 (24.5%), 88 (23%), 41(10.7%) and 1(0.3%) of livestock producer households had poultry, dairy, sheep and goat, beef, bee and pig types of animals were kept in their houses respectively. The HFIAS result showed that about 29.77 %, 33.68 %, 23.76 % and 12.79 % were food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure and severely food insecure respectively. Ordered logit regression analysis was performed to identify determinants on food security of household. The finding revealed that variables Age, education, total livestock income, and TLU were negatively statistically significant to food insecure whereas variables household size, improved breed, veterinary service and access to credit were found positively statistical significant to be food insecure. In Conclusion urban livestock keeping ensure households food security, income generation and way out of urban poor households; following this urban livestock development intervention schemes, strategies, policy issues and research gap have been recommended.

Browse

Browsing Food Security Studies by Author "Abi, Meskerem PhD"

Results Per Page

Sort Options