Social Psychology

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/163

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Browsing Social Psychology by Author "Abera, Dame(PhD"

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    Ethnic Conflict: Perceived Causes, Actors, Psychosocial and Economic Consequences and Challenges of Displaced Persons the Case of Sululta Site IDP Shelters
    (AAU, 2021-03) Negussu Abebe, Negussu; Abera, Dame(PhD
    The conflict that took place between the Oromo and Somali communities in Ethio-Somali region between 2017 through 2020 was one among the many waves of conflicts that displaced citizens. The present study attempted to examine the perceived causes, main actors psychosocial, consequences and challenges of those people who were displaced from their habitual places of residence and resettled at three Sululta IDP camp sites. The study has employed concurrent triangulation research design which means both qualitative & quantitative data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling technique, and a representative sample size of 297(only 220 responses returned back) adults were drawn through simple random sampling technique for the quantitative data and purposive sampling was employed for the qualitative data. The quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire, and the qualitative data through FGD, unstructured interview questions and household observation. As to the method of data analysis, the thematic approach was used for the qualitative data, and the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages with the help of SPSS Version 24. The result of the study revealed that ethnic based systematic conspiracy of political authorities at local, regional and central levels were mostly found to be one of the main causes and major actors for the conflict and gave way for their eviction from their original places of residence. Furthermore, economic impoverishment, malnutrition, shortage of potable pipe water, poor housing, lack of health facilities & sanitation and absolute poverty were mentioned by the respondents to be their present critical economic problems, and loss of lives of loved ones; feeling of negative emotions like hopelessness; despair & bitterness; separation from family & relatives; lack of trust in the state; feeling of distress & development of victim mental attitude & traumatic mental experiences have been marked as the most serious psychosocial problems they faced at their campsite and that need an urgent call of both the GOs & NGOs in order to prevent their life from further deterioration to a more severe economic and psychosocial disorder levels
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    The Practice and Role of Gumaa Traditions in Conflict Resolution among the Oromo of Wayyuu Shanan: The Case of Adami Tullu Jido Kombolcha Woreda
    (AAU, 2021-06) Chernet, Delesa; Abera, Dame(PhD
    The major purpose of this study was to assess the practice and role of Gumaa in conflict resolution among Wayyuu Shanan. To do that, a Case Study design was employed and 42 participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion used as data collection instruments in which qualitative data generated from interview, and focus group discussion. To address research questions, data were thematically analyzed by arranging, organizing, and coding them to themes. First, result indicated a suicidal case, physical injuries, rape and property destruction resolved by Gumaa. The reconciliation process starts with the offender’s supplication or payment of Shimoto the victim’s members. The ritual processes are held to compensate, clean hands, and share blessings. Verdict enforced through Edir, Ekub, sanction, and curse. Secondly, the result revealed knowledge of Gadaa system; societal norms and values, communication skills, discipline, and obedience are required criteria from elders. The third result show, there is a difference in compensation across disputes. Finally, Gumaa is time effective, prevents revenge and financial saving whereas it lacks awareness, literature, and attention. Based on the study results, the following conclusion and implications were drawn. First, Gumaa handles serious conflict cases in which it serves as the final decision-making system. Second, elders who hold Gumaa matters must be a model of peace through their activities and know and obey Gadaa System which regulates societal norms and values. Third, to give balanced compensation, elders consider the severity, circumstance, and values of things. Lastly, Gumaa practice is effective in conflict resolution despite many challenges which precipitating it to deteriorate
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    Psychological Distress and Burnout among Health Professionals during Covid-19 Pandemic In Menelik-Ii Referral Hospital
    (AAU, 2021-08) Mengistu, Tito; Abera, Dame(PhD
    Frontline health professionals are under a great deal of stress, including a high risk of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, a potential resource shortage, as well as a job overload. The objective was assess the magnitude of psychological distress and burnout among health professionals and statistically significant difference of health professionals who had contact history of COVID -19 suspected and/or confirmed patients during the (COVID-19) outbreak in Menillik II referral hospital. A descriptive survey was conducted using simple random sampling techniques with 272 of health professionals who has been working in Menellik-II referral hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An independent t-test and/or one-way ANOVA for testing variation at 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05were used to compare means of independent variables. A P-value less than 0.05 will consider being statistically significant in all cases. Magnitude of burnout and psychological distress was assessed by validated English language version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Kessler 10 scale respectively. Clean data was coded, entered, and analyzed by using computer software SPSS version 20. About 258 (96.7% response rate) respondents completed the questionnaire and used for analysis. The participants were included 24% special or general doctor, 34.1% BSc nurse, 22.5% health officer, 6.2% Midwifery, 4.3% Laboratory technician and 8.9% others types health professionals. A 229(88.7%) of health professionals were had a direct contact history with patients of COVID-19 confirmed or suspected during work time. A health professionals who had contact history of Covid-19 confirmed or suspected clients were developed 130(56.7%) moderate, 90(39.3%) high and 2 (0.8%) very high psychological distress. As well as from health professionals who had contact history of Covid-19 confirmed or suspected clients were recorded 88 moderate to high emotional exhaustion, 190 moderate to high depersonalization and 192 moderate to high personal accomplishments. Male nurses, female Midwifery, male Laboratory technician, and others types of female health professionals were recorded high prevalence of psychological distress and burnout. There is a statistically significant difference in psychological distress, personal accomplishment, and emotional exhaustion, but not in depersonalization scores between health profession types. There is a statistically significant difference in psychological distress and burnout scores between working areas or wards of the health profession. This study shows more than half of health professionals were categorized as having mild to severe psychological distress and burnout in related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors. About 0.8% of the health professionals in surveyed hospital considered that they might need psychological or psychiatric treatment in the future. Regular assessment of the prevalence of burnout and psychological distress within hospitals and other health systems of health professionals in might help to identify risk factors or protective factors for burnout, psychological distress and other mental disorders; this would benefit individuals and health systems/organization.
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    Psychosocial Challenges and Coping Mechanism among Women Experiencing Obstetric Fistula. The case of Addis Ababa Hamlin Fistula Hospital
    (AAU, 2021-08) Yirgalem, Tekilil; Abera, Dame(PhD
    The main objective of the study was to explore psychosocial challenges and coping mechanism of women experiencing obstetric fistula. Psychosocial challenges and coping mechanism are common in women with obstetric fistula. However, data on psychosocial issues affecting patients with obstetric fistula in Ethiopia are scarce. The study employed a qualitative research approach to answer the questions and achieve the research objectives. The researcher utilized purposive sampling method total 19 participants (15 patients and 4 key informants) were selected to take part in the study. The study area was selected purposively at Addis Ababa Hamline Fistula Hospital. Data was obtained through in-depth interview, key informant interview, and focus group discussion(FGD). Data found from different source was collected and triangulated to assess the trustworthiness of the information and thematic analysis was done. The finding indicates, obstetric fistula had detrimentally affected their health and well being , having psychological challenges like anxiety, fear, depression, worry, stress, stigma, anger, suicide attempt, hopelessness and loneliness. The finding also found different social challenges like social interaction, stigma, discrimination and marital relationship 14 participants are divorced and 1separated. Women coped with obstetric fistula by maintaining strict hygiene, drinking less, ignoring the sickness, self stigma and fistula advocacy to other
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    Risk Perception and Psychological Distress Triggered by COVID-19 Pandemic
    (AAU, 2021-02) Abera Sahle, Rahel; Abera, Dame(PhD
    This study tried to describe the effect of COVID-19 in risk perception and psychological distress, with objective of exploring the extent of risk perception and psychological distress triggered by COVID-19 among clients in three selected public health centers in Addis Ababa. To that effect, a quantitative research design was employed. Epi info version seven used to determine sample size of the study which was a total of 384 participants were selected. In order to address the basic research questions of the study, data were analyzed using SPSS, t-test, and ANOVA and Pearson correlation statistical techniques. Accordingly, the study revealed important findings about risk perception and psychological distress. Majority of the clients heard about the corona virus through Facebook and telegram, with rgard to the risk perception of the clients the total average mean that participants on this study had moderate or lower level of risk perception and with regard to the level of psychological distress, the study revealed that the total average mean indicate the level of psychological distress triggered by COVID-19 was moderate. It was observed that statistically there were significant differences among clients on the the extent of psychological distress triggered by the outbreak of Corona Virus. The result of correlation coefficient between the two variables (r = 0.782, p = 0.000<0.05) indicated that there was statistically significant relashinship between risk perception to covid-19 and psychological distress due to covid-19 pandemic. The magnitude of correlation coefficient (r = 0.782) approved that the relashinship between them was high and directly correlated