Development, Characterization and Optimization of Sulphated Fatliquor From Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Seed Oil for Crust Leather Process Technology
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Date
2019-11
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The leather market demands quality and competitive cost for producers as well as users.
Leather producers use effective substituent to make the process efficient in order to
reduce the waste load and improve the quality of the final product. Fatliquoring is a
fundamental stage during the production process of leather. The source of fatliquoring
can be formulated from emulsification of raw materials such as vegetable or seed oils and
fats, wax, fish oil and paraffin. These enable them to penetrate leather properly to
enhance the major characteristics of leather such as softness, pleasant feel and strength.
This study showed the process for synthesis of sulphated fatliquor from locally available
raw material, neem seed oil (SNOSFL). The fatliquor production process involves
preparation of seed, extraction of oil by solvent and mechanical screw press , purification
of oil, sulphation of the neem oil with conc.H2SO4, washing and neutralize with 10%
NaCl and 30% NaOH solutions respectively. The major sulphation reaction process
parameters used for fatliquor production were reaction temperature, amount of
conc.H2SO4, and reaction time. In the experimental analysis results, the optimal
conditions that maximize the degree of sulphation were found to be reaction temperature
at 23.98
C, amount of conc. H2SO4 at 16.76 Wt. % and reaction time 3.28 h that yield the
degree of sulphation was 5.37%. The physicochemical characterization, spectroscopic
analysis (FT-IR, GC-MS) of synthesized fatliquor and neem oil, and the organoleptic and
physical test for the applied fatliquor on leather were done. The overall results confirm
the sulphated group during sulphation process in SNOSFL and the synthesized product
has a potential for the application garment leather.
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Keywords
Fatliquor, Sulphation, Neem seed oil, Leather