Hospital and Health Care Administration

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Clinical Pattern and Management Outcome of Ocular Adnexal Injuries in Menelik II Comprehensive Specialized Hospital
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-19) Getu Jufar; Meseret Ejigu
Objective: To study the pattern and management outcome of ocular adnexal injuries at Menelik-II Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods: A hospital based cohort study conducted at Menelik II comprehensive specialized hospital From July 2023 to June 2024. The principal investigator and residents working at day time and duty time in the department were identifying patients with ocular adnexal injury. After getting informed consent, structured questionnaire was completed. Which includes relevant socio- demographic data, place, cause and nature of the injury, time interval between injury and presentation was recorded. The study population was classified according to System for PeriOcular Trauma (SPOT) classification. Data was cleaned, edited, entered, coded and analyzed using SPSS Version 27. Variables were compared using the appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 45 eyes with ocular adnexal injuries of 43 patients studied. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The mean (SD) age was 27.3±14.0 years range 2- 70yrs. Regarding the setting of trauma, 17(37.8%) were due fighting accident of which 7(41.1%) is alcohol related. Road traffic accident accounts for 8(17.8%) of cases and another 17.8% are work related. Penetrating injury accounts for 29(64.4%) while 16(35.6%) are blunt injuries. Regarding the etiology, 12(26.7%) of the cases are metallic object, 10(22.2%) stone, 7(15.6%) glass objects. According to System of Periocular trauma (SPOT) classification, Type-1 injury (only upper lid involvement) accounts for 40% of cases followed by Type-2 (only lower lid involvement) which is 31.1% of the cases. Type-3(only medial canthus involvement) and Type-4(only lateral canthus involvement) is seen in 2(4.4%) and 1(2.2%) of cases respectively. Type-5 (any combination of those 4 zones) is seen in 10 eyes which accounts for 22.2% of the total. Primary repair was done for those 44 eyes of which 35(79.5%) were done by residents, 5(11.1%) by oculoplastic fellow and the rest 4(8.9%) by an ophthalmologist. The repair was done with in 24hr after the occurrence of trauma in 10(22.7%) of cases, 18(40.9%) within 24-72hr and the rest 16(36.4%) >72hr. Regarding the complications, it was studied for those who attended at least one month follow up and no complication was documented in 73% of cases. The most commonly encountered complication was lid margin notching seen in 4(10.8%) of cases followed by tearing in 3(8.1%) of cases. Conclusion: The finding of this study shows that male gender and individuals in young age group are more vulnerable to ocular adnexal injuries. Moreover fighting accident is the most common cause of the injuries and significant proportion of it is alcohol intake related. Work related injuries and RTA are also among the major causes of these injuries which warrant use of protective tools in work place and proper use of safety measures to reduce RTA
Refractive Outcome of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery in Tertiary Teaching Hospital
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Fisiha Ademe; Abeba Teklegiorgis
Background: Cataract remains a leading cause of blindness globally, particularly in developing countries. Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) has emerged as an effective and cost-efficient technique for cataract removal. However, concerns regarding postoperative refractive outcomes persist. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the refractive outcome after MSICS at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based longitudinal study was conducted involving 385 MSICS patients followed up at 4-6 weeks post op. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, preoperative biometry, surgical details, and postoperative. visual acuity and biometry profile were collected. Refractive outcomes were measured based on pre operative biometry and post operative biometry after 4 weeks post-surgery. Results: The median age was 65 years, with 60% female participants. The majority of surgeries utilized straight scleral incisions, and the most common intraoperative complication was posterior capsular tear (7.5%). Postoperatively, 73.8% achieved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) better than 6/18, but only 53.2% reached target refraction within ±1.0 D. The surgically induced astigmatism for the operated eyes was found to be 0.75 D ± 1.38 D. A significant inverse relationship was found between surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and the likelihood of achieving target refraction. (OR = 0.707, 95% CI: 0.564 - 0.885, p = 0.002), and a protective pattern between scleral incision size ≤8mm and achieving target refraction (OR = 11.850, 95% CI: 5.447 – 25.778, p = <0.001). Conclusion: MSICS demonstrates favorable visual outcomes with a significant proportion of patients achieving optimal refractive results. Understanding the determinants of refractive outcomes in this context can enhance surgical practices and improve patient satisfaction in cataract surgery. Further research is warranted to establish best practices tailored to the Ethiopian healthcare setting.
Assessment of Patient Flow, Areas of Inefficiency for Improvement in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: A Mixed Explanatory Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-03) Yemisrach Kedru; Damen Haile
Introduction: In Ethiopia, hospitals face many challenges like high waiting times, inefficiency, and negative patient experiences. Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) is a tertiary level hospital located in Addis Ababa. There is little study done on patient flow, areas of inefficiency, and patient experiences. Understanding these areas will help in making improvement in the health service provision that are given in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in an efficient manner. Objective: This study aims to assess the patient flow and identify bottleneck areas of inefficiency for improvement in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Methods: A facility based cross sectional design, employing time motion survey and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the patient flow and measure technical efficiency respectively. And a qualitative phenomenological design is used to explore the patient experience identify the bottleneck area at TASH. For the time motion study, descriptive analysis is performed using mean and standard deviation to characterize health worker contacts time at services areas at the hospital by using STATA version 12. For the patient experience interview, the transcript is read repeatedly to have an overview and coded. The codes with similar meaning were categorized which were then further classified into themes that reflects the central idea. The data are analyzed using Atlas.ti version 9 software. A DEA was used to calculate the efficiency of each department taking them as decision making units (DMUs). As an input, the number of health workers are taken; and as an output the number patients treated/visited at that department were included. The data were analyzed using MaxDEA software. Result: The identified bottlenecks in operating the routine activities include communication barrier between the health care providers themselves, and between the health care providers and patients and caretakers. In addition to these issues, lack of fulltime doctors at outpatient departments (OPDs) and poor appointment system were found to be challenges resulting in long patient queues at different services areas. In addition, issues of inconsistent availability of drugs and supplies, services like MRI and CT scan have resulted in the clogging the patient flow in the routine operations of the Hospital. Out of the ten OPDs with the highest patient visits, only two were technically efficient. Conclusion: Therefore, these bottlenecks contributed for the OPDs not functioning efficiently. Furthermore, the results from the DEA indicated that the technical efficiency of OPDs needs better operational improvement.
Prevalence of Amputation and Associated Factors among Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients Admitted at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-10) Saron Derso; Fekadu Aga
Background: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders, with numerous long term complications affecting nearly every system in the body. One of the most common complications associated with the disease is foot ulcer, which frequently results in lower extremity amputations. Objective: to determine the prevalence of amputation and associated factors among diabetic foot ulcer patients admitted at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based retrospective (from 2021 to 2023) study design that employed systematic random sampling technique was done. The data was collected by structured data extraction checklist from HMIS and electronic eye care systems. The data was coded and entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 14 statistical software. Bivariate and Mmultivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the prevalence of amputation and its associated factors among diabetic foot ulcer patients. The statistical significance of association between variables was decided using 95% confidence interval and p-value <0.05. Result: The overall prevalence of amputation among DFU were 30.2% (94/311), Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that for a 1% increase in HbA1c there is 34% more likely to get amputation (AOR, 1.34, 95% CI: 1.00-2.03, P value, 0.044). The odds of having amputation among DFU male patients were 3.25 times more likely than in female (AOR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.41- 7.49, P value, 0.005). The risk of having amputation was 10.58 times more likely among smoker than nonsmokers (AOR 10.58, 95% CI: 4.91-22.81, P value, 0.000), 3.83 times among type 2 DFU patients than type 1 DFU (AOR, 3.83, 95% CI: 1.50- 9.75, P value, 0.005) 2.92 times among those who have PAD those who don’t have PAD (AOR, 2.92, 95% CI: 1.32-6.46, P value, 0.008). Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of amputation among DFU patients observed in this study is high. The study identified HbA1C, sex, history of smoking, type of DM and PAD are important risk factors for amputation among DFU patients. Therefore, DFU patients should regularly monitor their HbA1C value and educational initiatives and efforts to provide better treatment for diabetic patients are required.
Evidence-Based Practice Utilization and its Associated Factors among Nurses Working at Emergency Department of Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-15) Mekuanint Kassie; Aklilu Azazh
Background: Evidence-based practice utilization (EBPU) is described as the use of up-to-date, reliable, and pertinent evidence in healthcare decision-making practice, such as study findings, professional experience, and updated standard guidelines. EBPU is designed to prevent biases and to support clinical utilization of the latest and most recent, comprehensive studies for understanding clinical decision making. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess evidence-based practice utilization and its associated factors among nurses working in the emergency departments of selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods and Materials: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on evidence-based practice utilization and its associated factors among nurses working in the emergency department of selected public hospitals. A Simple random sampling technique was used. The required data was collected using self-administered questionnaire that was adapted and modified. The questionnaire contains six parts and 59 items. Binary logistic regression was applied to assess the association between the dependent variable and independent variables. Then variables with P value less than or equal to 0.25 were fitted to multivariable analysis’s and finally, a variable with p-value less than 0.05 were considered factors associated with utilization of evidence-based practice. Result: A total of 233 respondents participated with a response rate of 96.6%. The majority of the participants were females (n = 130, 57.8%), and their median age was 30 years. This study showed that 54.2% and 44.9% had good knowledge and evidence-based practice utilization respectively. Sex (AOR = 0.4309), level of education (AOR = 6.786), level of position (AOR = 13.191), level of knowledge (AOR = 3.801) and unavailability of relevant literature (AOR = 3.316) were variables significantly associated with evidence-based practice utilization. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that 55.1 % of nurses had poor evidence-based practice utilization. sex, level of education, level of position, knowledge, and unavailability relevant literature, were variables significantly associated with evidence-based practice.
Medulloblastoma: Imaging Pattern Description Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-14) Etsehiwot Demeke; Amal Saleh,
Medulloblastoma is one of the most common pediatric brain tumors in children. It is a heterogeneous disease consisting of multiple histologic and molecular subgroups with distinctive origins, demographics, molecular alterations, and outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging is the main imaging modality used for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with medulloblastoma
Pathological Patterns of Testicular and Paratesticular Lesions from January 2019 Todecember 2023 G.C In Tikur-Anbessa Specialized Hospital.
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-30) Abdi mohammed; Fadil nuredin
Background: Testis is affected by both non neoplastic and neoplastic conditions. There are various testicular lesions, ranging from pediatric to adult age groups. A critical gap exists in our national medical literature regarding the incidence of testicular lesions, both benign and malignant. To address this, we propose a study investigating orchidectomy specimens collected within our hospital for various clinical indications.. Objective: This study aims to characterize the spectrum of testicular and Para testicular lesions observed in orchidectomy specimens. The study analyzes the demographic data of patients alongside the clinical and microscopic features of these lesions. Additionally, the study investigates the prevalence of testicular neoplasms in Ethiopia compared to other countries. Material and Method: The study was retrospective study, conducted at Tikuranbesa specialized hospital in the department of PATHOLOGY with study period of 5 years (September 2019uptoaugust 2023). The study design was retrospective descriptive cross sectional study. RESULT: There were a total of 78 testicular biopsies recorded in the study period. most of them58(74%) were non neoplastic lesions, and out of these 20 cases(34.5%) were undescended test is followed by 11cases(19%) of tuberculous orchitis and 10 (17%) cases were testicular atrophy for different reasons. Neoplastic conditions accounted for 20 cases(26%) of the total fromthis5(25%) were classical seminoma, ,3(15%) mixed germ cell tumor, 1 case(5%) of sexcordstromal tumor and 1case(5%) of infiltrates of lymphoblastic lymphoma were identified. the minimum and maximum age for the non neoplastic lesion was 1 and 72 years respectively, meanage was 30.8 year. For the neoplastic lesions the minimum age was 1 year and maximumwas67and the mean age was 34 year. Testicular swelling was the main clinical presentation forneoplastic lesion. most patient present at PT2 stage. on average there was a total of 4 neoplasticlesions per year. Right testis was most commonly affected with non-neoplastic and neoplasticlesions.4 cases of Para testicular lesion were identified, spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma, mucinous cyst adenoma, fibrous pseudotumor and low grade fibromyxosarcoma. Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions constituted the largest category within the testicular specimens examined. Cryptorchidism emerged as the most prevalent histomorphology diagnosis, followed by tuberculous orchitis. Neoplastic lesions, conversely, were less frequent. Among these, germ cell tumors represented the most common malignancy, with classical seminoma being the predominant histomorphological pattern..
Pattern And Magnitude of Clinical & Pathologic Characterstics of Bcc At Alert/Ahri Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a Five Year Retrospective Study (2018 -2022 G.C)
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-19) Aderajew Birhan
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer in white population. In blacks it has lower incidence [1]. But knowledge and studies regarding the pattern and magnitude of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma in Africa and Ethiopia are few and lacking
Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Lead and Associated Factors among Workers in City Bus Garage in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-12-09) Tesema Merihatsidik; Kumie Abera
One of the most unusable chemical exposures that occurred in automotive garage areas was lead. Occupational exposure of garage workers to lead dust commonly poses acute and chronic health risks that can be prevented. In Ethiopia, there have been limited studies on lead exposure among garage workers. Moreover, it overemphasized that workers are more exposed than non-garage workers to lead exposure
Assessment the Prevalence of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Associated Factors Among Coffee Processing Factory Workers in Addis Ababa City And Gelan- Sub City, Shagger City Oromia, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-12-11) Legesse Getahun; Abegaze Teferi
Globally, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) account for around 40% of the total compensated cost of occupational diseases and injuries. It has a huge impact on the public health problems and economic loss of the society. The extent and risk factors for musculoskeletal diseases associated with job among coffee processors have not been examined by researchers. The labor-intensive nature of the coffee processing industry puts employees at risk for musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of work-related
Validation of The Amharic Version of The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity Scale Among Diabetes Patients in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals, a, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-12-21) Molla Gashu; Yimer Seid
Measuring what it tends to measure makes a tool powerful and useful for decision-making. As the Amharic version summary of diabetes self care activity scale (SDSCA) construct doesn’t yet validated, there is an urgent need of validation of the tool for research and clinical practice purpose. This study aims to validate the Amharic version of the summary of the diabetes self-care activity scale (SDSCA) among diabetes mellitus patients in Addis Ababa public hospitals, AA, Ethiopia.
Predictor of Gestation Weight Gain in Butajira,Ethiopia Community Basid Retrospective Study
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-01-29) Eset Getahun ; Shikur Bilal
Gestational weight gain (GWG) can be defined as the amount of weight gain between conception and just before the birth of the infant; it is a unique and complex biological phenomenon that supports the functions of growth and development of the fetus (1). Gestational weight gain has been regarded as an indicator of maternal and fetal wellbeing (2). It comprises product of conception including the fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid comprise approximately 35% of total GWG, changes in maternal tissues uterus, breast, blood and to a similar extent, liver and intestinal mucosa), and changes in body composition with a significant increase in total body water, subcutaneous fat and protein reserves
Assessment of Factors for Hiv Virologic Treatment Failure among Adult Patients on First-Line Art at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-10-17) Tizita Terefe; Mesfin Addise
Background: Currently treatment for HIV is sought to improve quality of life in HIV infected people by decreasing opportunistic infections, reducing disease progression to AIDS, and preventable deaths. Thus, knowing factors for virologic treatment failure is of a key importance in the treatment of HIV. Objective: To assess factors for HIV virologic treatment failure among adult patients on first-line ART at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2022. Methods :A case-control study using quantitative method was conducted at randomly selected public Hospitals in Addis Ababa. A total of 284 medical records of patients on first line ART were randomly selected with a case to control ratio of 1:2; 95 cases with HIV virologic treatment failure and 189 controls with no virologic treatment failure. Data on socio-demographic clinical and adherence related variables were collected using data extraction questionnaire. Variables with p value <0.2 on bivariable logistic regression were entered to multivariable analysis. Backward likelihood logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social science) -version 25 to identify independent factors for virologic treatment failure. P-value less than or equal to .05 was considered statistically significant. Results ;A total of 284 medical records were reviewed. Patients on first line ART in age group 18-24 had four times higher [AOR 4.526, 95%CI (1.253,16.351)] and those in the age group 25-34 had two times higher [AOR 2.836, 95% CI (1.103,7.295)] odds in cases than controls. Patients taking ART for a longer duration [AOR 2.349 CI (1.301, 4.242)] and discontinued ART [AOR 2.283CI (1.025-5.084)] were found to have two times higher odds in cases. Patients with ART adherence of fair status [AOR3.193CI (1.602-status [AOR3.101CI (1.214-7.923)] and tuberculosis coinfection [AOR 3.193, 95% CI (1.328,7.678)] were having three times higher odds among cases than controls. Being female [AOR .323 95%CI (.174-.600)] was found inversely associated with virologic treatment failure.6.363)], poor status [AOR3.101CI (1.214-7.923)] and tuberculosis coinfection [AOR 3.193, 95% CI (1.328,7.678)] were having three times higher odds among cases than controls. Being female [AOR .323 95%CI (.174-.600)] was found inversely associated with virologic treatment failure. Conclusion: This study showed the age group 18-34, adherence to ART medication of fair and poor status, discontinuing ART treatment for >1 month duration and taking ART for a duration longer than 5 years and TB coinfection within the past year were independent factors directly associated with virologic treatment failure while being female was found to be inversely associated.
Determinants of Survival, Survival time and Recurrence After Surgery among Colon Cancer Patients at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia , Retrospective Cohort Study
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-10-23) Sara Teklewold ; Sefonias Getachew
Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine that originates from the colonic epithelial cells that line the lumen of the intestine. It is the fourth most common and fatal cancer worldwide. Globally there were nearly 1.2 million incident cases and over half a million deaths from colon cancer in 2020. In Ethiopia colon cancer is the 5th leading cause of death. Lack of timely seeking of medical help and organized screening practice for early identification of diseases combined with lack of access to curative and palliative care has become reasons for the high burden of premature death in the country. Understanding the survival time and determinants of survival is crucial in developing effective strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality rates in this setting
Hesitancy in Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Uptake and its Associated Factors among Female Students in Jimma Town, Oromia, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-10-09) Meron Dera; Zeytu Gashaw
Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination strengthens the body's defenses against the viral strains that cause cervical cancer. It has contributed to a reduction in cervical cancer-related morbidity and mortality, which is one of the great public-health success stories. Despite the fact that vaccination reluctance is one of the world's top ten health challenges, there is a shortage of evidence in Ethiopia to completely understand vaccination-related hesitancy behavior. The primary objective of this thesis was to assess hesitancy of HPV vaccine uptake and associated factors among female students, in Jimma Town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 373 respondents, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The Data were collected by using pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaire, and in-depth interview. Logistic regression model was utilized to find independent predictors of female students’ hesitation to receive the HPV vaccine. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05 for all variables. Qualitative data were done by describing parents' perceptions about HPV vaccines until reached the saturation level. Details from an in depth interview were recorded, then transcribed verbatim, coded, organized by themes, and evaluated thematically. Findings were corroborated at interpretation. Result: The hesitancy of the HPV vaccine in Jimma Town female students were 39.02% 95% CI (34.1, 44.1). Female school students who have smart phone, (AOR=0.51, 95% CI(0.28,0.94), mothers educational status (>= Secondary) (AOR=0.53, 95% CI(1.11,2.44), older sister vaccinated (AOR=0.04, 95% CI(0.004,0.42), previously vaccinated of HPV (AOR=0.64, 95% CI(0.006,0.137), distrust in safety & efficacy of vaccine (AOR=3.21, 95% CI(1.42,13.45) , think of unnecessary to receive HPV vaccinations (AOR=2.37, 95% CI(1.20,4.67), believe in learning stress not prevent from vaccinated (AOR=0.36, 95% CI(0.16,0.81), and Not Belief in rumors (HPV vaccine ruins girls fertility) (AOR=0.21, 95% CI(0.34,0.96), were found to be statistically significant with HPV Vaccine Hesitancy. Among the key causes showed by qualitative findings were poor perception, mistrust of vaccine safety and efficacy, fear of side effects, a lack of proper information, and misinformation. Conclusion: The study found that HPV vaccine hesitancy is influenced by factors such as smartphone ownership, education, vaccination history, learning stress, and belief in vaccine rumors. However, hesitancy is also linked to concerns about vaccine efficacy and safety, suggesting the need for increased vaccination uptake.
Assessment of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods use in Extended Postpartum Period among Women in Debre-Libanos District, North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2023
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-06-15) Salsawit Derbe ; Meselech Assegid
Background: - The first 12 month following delivery are known as the extended postpartum period, which is effective way for lowering maternal and child morbidity and mortality by preventing unplanned pregnancy and maximizing the birth space. The most effective method of birth control for preventing unwanted pregnancy during postpartum period is long-acting reversible contraceptive. Despite the efforts to increase the use of modern contraceptives, particularly long-acting reversible contraception in extended postpartum period has still low uptake in Ethiopia. Objective: - The objective of this study was to assess utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptive among women in extended postpartum period in Debre-Libanos district of North Shewa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods: - A community based cross sectional study was caried out in Debre-Libanos district, North show zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. A total sample size of this study was determined to be 587. Simple random sampling technique was used to select study participant. Data were collected from study participants using structured questionnaires then the data were entered in EPI data and exported to SPSS 25 version. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression statistical modeling were used to identify associated factors. In bivariate logistic regression those variables with p-value less than 0.20 were the candidate for multivariate logistic regression. Association between dependent and independent variables were assessed and its strength, direction and significance were presented using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Result: - This study revealed that 29.5% of mothers used LARC in extended postpartum period. The odds of using LARC methods were higher among mothers who completed secondary education and higher (AOR=5.801; 95%CI: 2.856- 11.783) compared to uneducated mothers, employed mothers (AOR=6.047; 95%CI: 3.149-11.612) compared to house wife, previous use of LARC (AOR=6.994; 95%CI: 4.303-11.367) compared to mothers who did not use previously, attended PNC services (AOR=2.347; 95%CI: 1.294-4.257) compared to mothers who did not attended, and discussed with husband about LARC (AOR=3.057; 95%CI: 1.876- 4.98) compared to mothers who hadn’t discussed were positively associated with use of LARC. Conclusion: - The prevalence of LARC use was low. Educational status of mother who completed secondary and above, employed mothers, discussion with husband, previous use of LARC, and PNC services attendance after last birth were associated with use of long-acting reversible contraception. We recommended that Debre-Libanose district should strengthening the existing health care services which is provided to mothers during extended postpartum period.
Duration of Breastfeeding and Dental Carries among Young Children in Selected Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-06-11) Marta Yemane; Tefera Darge
Background: Breastfeeding has many health benefits for infants, including protection against dental caries. However, the effect of breastfeeding duration on caries risk is unclear, as different studies have found different results. This may depend on multifactorial risk factors of dental caries such as biological, behavioral and socioeconomic factors. However, there is limited evidence on the magnitude and the association between duration of breastfeeding and dental caries among children aged 12 to 36 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objective: This study aims to assess the magnitude of dental caries and the association between the duration of breastfeeding and dental caries among young children aged 12 to 36 months old in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 380 children aged 12 to 36 months from 11 health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was done from September to December 2021. Questionnaires and dental exams were used to collect data. Dental caries was measured by the deft index. Multinomial logistic regression was used to find the factors related to caries. A p-value ≤ 0.05 and AOR 95% CI were used for significance and interpretation. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Result: The results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 53.4%, with 13.7% having high caries and 39.7% having low caries. The factors that were significantly associated with high caries were table sugar intake frequency (AOR=3.24, 95% CI: 1.29, 8.19), tooth brushing frequency of the mother (AOR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93), age of the child (AOR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.49) and mother education level (AOR=4.41, 95% CI: 1.37, 14.18). The factors that were significantly associated with low caries were duration of breastfeeding (AOR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.50), bottle feeding (AOR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.97) and table sugar intake frequency (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.88). Conclusions: Many children aged 12 to 36 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia had dental caries. Different factors such as breastfeeding, sugar intake, tooth brushing, age, mother education and income affected their risk of caries. Recommendations: Health education programs should teach mothers and children how to breastfeed well, avoid bottle feeding and sugar, and brush their teeth regularly. Also, mother education level should be improved by social policies and interventions to prevent caries.
Quality of Antenatal Care Services and Factors Influencing Maternal Satisfaction in Public Health Facilities of Wolkite Town, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-23) Cheru Temesgen; Ababi Zergaw
Back ground: Although antenatal care (ANC) coverage in Ethiopia is increasing, the quality of ANC remains low. It is believed that increasing number ANC contact by itself is not enough to change current maternal health status and that the quality of ANC service can have important impact in the heath of mothers and new born. Objective: To assess quality of antenatal care services and factors influencing maternal satisfaction in Wolkite town public health facilities. Methods: The study was carried out in Wolkite town the administrative center of the Gurage zone located 155 km west of capital city of the country, Addis Ababa. A facility-based cross sectional study design was conducted. The study populations were all pregnant women who attended the service in data collection period. Sample size was 409. A pretested structured questionnaire was used. Data entry, coding, cleaning was done by Epi-Info and the analysis was done by using SPSS version 26. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between the socio-demographic, obstetric factors, process aspects of quality and maternal satisfaction. Ethical clearance was taken from the school of Public Health of Addis Ababa University research ethics committee Result: Out of 409 sampled pregnant women attending ANC clinic 398 (97.3%) were responded. About 48% % of respondent were satisfied with ANC services. Residence (AOR = 5.839 95%CI 3.175, 10.739), pregnancy status (AOR = 6.216 95% CI 2.943, 13.127), frequency of ANC visit (AOR = 1.804 95% CI 1.056, 3.082), counseling on nutrition (AOR = 2.875 95% CI 1.709, 4.835), prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV(AOR = 2.337 95% CI 1.427, 3.827) and birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) (AOR = 2.426 95% CI 1.341, 4.389)and provision of iron (AOR= 2.816 95% CI 1.249, 6.350) had an association with maternal satisfaction. Conclusion: Generally, maternal satisfaction with antenatal care services in this study was low. Absence of clean latrine & adequate water supply was the main reason stated by respondents. Effort should be made to improve accessibility of safe and potable water supply.
Quality of Intrapartum and New Born Care in Public Health Care Facilities of Wolkite Town, Southern Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-17) Berhanu Semra; Mesfin Addisse
Background: Even though, the world has made significant progress in reducing maternal and newborn mortality today, there are still far too many preventable and treatable maternal and newborn deaths globally. It is estimated that about six out of ten newborn problems and fifty percent of maternal mortality in developing countries are due to poor quality of care. However, in Ethiopia study on quality of intrapartum and newborn care is limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the quality of intrapartum and newborn care in public health facilities of Wolkite town in terms of three quality dimensions. Objectives: To assess the level of quality of intrapartum and newborn care in public health facilities of Welkite town, Southern Ethiopia, 2023. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from March to April 2023 in 5 public health facilities for facility audit, among 342 mothers for exit interview and 185 mothers for observation. Consecutive random sampling method was applied. Data were collected by using document review, observation, and exit interview. Data was entered, coded and cleaned using Epidata version 4 and exported to Stata version 14 and SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive and summary statistics were computed. Binary logistic regression was performed and variables which had p-values of ≤0.25 were selected and included in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-values < 0.05 were considered significant independent predictors of quality of intrapartum care. Result: The study revealed that the quality of intrapartum care in input and process components were 60% and 35.1% respectively. While, the quality of output as measured by maternal satisfaction was 42%, and 69.7% of newborns received good quality of care. Maternal education (AOR: 9.97, 95%CI: 1.52, 25.56), ANC visit (AOR: 6.32, 95%CI: 2.86, 14.00), transportation (AOR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.48) and process quality (AOR: 2.32, 95%CI: 1.27, 4.24) were independent predictors of maternal satisfaction with quality of intrapartum care. Conclusion and Recommendations: The quality of intrapartum and newborn care in the study area was minimal. Thus, efforts should be made by the government for improving facilities capacity and performance of health care providers in order to improve the quality of intrapartum and newborn care.
Health Professionals‘ Psychological Distress and Associated Factors in the Post-Pandemic period of COVID-19 At Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-21) Amira Kasim; Salle Workneh
Background: Humanity has battled a variety of pandemics. The Plague, Cholera, and Influenza are the most well-known of these pandemics and have caused the greatest number of fatalities. Now adays COVID-19 Is a global threat affecting all aspects of human life. Globally, the Pandemic affected how individuals‘ function, reorganizing professional work, requiring people to adjust to the constraints in place and limiting their ability to contact their loved once. Studies on this new pandemic have discovered that psychological distress in healthcare workers, such as anxiety, sadness, somatic discomfort, and burnout were experienced during the outbreak of the disease. However, the majority of studies have been done during the outbreak phase, while little has been done on job stress and psychological adaptability in healthcare personnel during the post-pandemic period. Objective: To assess Health Professionals‘ Psychological Distress and Associated Factors in the Post Pandemic period of COVID-19 at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2023. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was done at EKGH. A sample of 416health professionals was included in this study using stratified simple random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. After proper coding, data was entered into SPSS V.27 software. To evaluate the demographic traits and the trends in the concentration of the key variables, descriptive statistics were used. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the significance of the association at P-value < 0.05. Result: 10.3% of the individuals reported experiencing psychological distress according to the IES-R scale. The two levels of psychological distress that the participants experienced the most frequently were mild (53.6%) and moderate (33.7%). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that professionals with current medical illness (AOR= 4.9; 95%CI 2.39 to 10.2) and current substance users (AOR=3.8; 95% CI; 1.9 to 7.9) have statistically significant relationship with psychological distress. Conclusion: The findings of the current study confirmed the presence of psychological distress in the epidemic era and the concept that clinical circumstances like medical illness and current substance use affect health professionals' psychological distress as well as their ability to anticipate psychological distress during the post-pandemic period of COVID 19.

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