Oncology

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    Health Related Quality Life (HRQoL) Among Patients with Childhood Leukemia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,2023.
    (Adiss Ababa University, 2023) Kelbessa, Megertu; Ayalew, Yohannes(Ass. Prof.); Dugassa, Boka
    Background:There has been a paradigm shift in health service delivery to a more holistic approach, which considers Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and overall functioning. HRQoL is a multidimensional construct that encompasses physical functioning as well as psychosocial aspects of emotional and social functioning. Childhood Leukemia is among threats to HRQoL to the patients and parents of the children, which trigger extensive studies on the subject. Objective:The study objectives were twofold. Primarily, the statuses of HRQoL of childhood leukemia patients in TASH were assessed. Secondly, factors affecting HRQoL among childhood leukemia patients in TASH were examined. Method:The study employed mixed research approach where descriptive design and explanatory research design concurrently utilized. Questionnaire distributed to sample of 422 respondents with 100% response rate. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, regression analysis and correlation analysis. Result:The study revealed that, f 422 patients (57% males) with leukemia; their ages ranged from 5 to 14 year (Mean = 8.58, Standard Deviation = 2.56). Age and gender had a significant and positive relationship with HRQoL of childhood leukemia in TASH. Male children were found to be more exposed to the disease, while an increase image improves physical functioning aspect HRQoL. Addiction free habit of parents had a positive relationship with HRQoL and school functioning at p < 0.05. Chemotherapy morbidity however worsens physical wellbeing of the patients. All other correlations were statistically non-significant. The current findings added to HRQoL research, and provided an impetus for more research in the area of HRQoL for children with leukemia in Ethiopia
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    Survival status and prognostic factors among breast cancer women at selected hospitals in southern Ethiopia, 2023.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023) Desta,Bitsiet; Argaw,Zeleke(Ass. prof.), Dugussa,Boka(Lecturer)
    Introduction: Breast cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in countries with limited resources. Patients in developing countries, particularly Ethiopia, are less likely to survive due to delayed diagnosis and advanced- stage presentations. Several studies have been conducted on the prognostic factors among breast cancer patients in Ethiopia, but they cannot consider neutrophils to lymphocytes as the prognostic factor. Objective: To assess the survival status and prognostic factors among Breast Cancer womenat selected hospitals in southern Ethiopia,2023. Methods: A retrospective cohort studywas conducted among 507 randomly selected breast cancer women in selected hospitals in southern Ethiopia.Two trained BSc nurses collected the data using an open data kit (ODK).Descriptive statistics were summarized using tables and graphs. The bivariable and multivariable Weibull regression modelswere used to identify the prognostic factors. The final model fitness was investigated using the Cox-Snail residual test, and the Schoenfeld residuals test was used to examine the proportional hazards assumption. Results:The overall survival of breast cancer women at the end of two and three years was 54.5% and 23.9%, respectively. An excellent and good Nottingham prognostic score (AHR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.53) and (AHR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.81), chemotherapy (AHR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36, 40.93), metastasis (AHR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.74), advanced stages (AHR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.51), hormone therapy (AHR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.92), and lower neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (AHR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47; 0.97) were the prognostic factors of breast cancer women. Conclusion: This study revealed that the breast cancer survivorship rate was lower than that of an earlier study from Ethiopia. An increased ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes at the time of diagnosis and a poor NPI were linked to a worse chance of survival for breast cancer women; this indicated that promoting early diagnosis of breast cancer and treatment could be important to improve the survival of breast cancer patients.
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    Incidence and determinant factors of Neutropenia among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023
    (Addis Ababa Uinversity, 2023) Mebrie,Degayehu; Boka,Abdissa(Ass. Prof.),Alemu, Tsion( MSc)
    Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Around the globe, 19.3 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed in 2020, while about ten million people died from cancer. Patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy for cancer face the risk of developing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, which puts them at risk for serious consequences like febrile neutropenia. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the incidence and determinant factors of neutropenia among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at public Hospitals, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods; This retrospective follow-up cohort study was carried out at Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical college and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. All eligible cancer patients’ medical records from January 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2022 were a source population. Computer generated simple random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data was collected by using Kobo toolbox software. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Bi-variable logistic regression analysis was carried out to select variables with P-value <0.25. In multivariate analyses the significance of the association was interpreted using an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) by considering a P-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval. The results were summarized using text, tables and graphs. Result; A response rate of 98.8% was achieved with 348 of the total 352 enrolled participants. The overall incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was 58.6% [53.6-63.9]. cervical cancer (AOR=0.31(95%CI: 0.096-0.997), normal baseline WBC (AOR =0.492 (95% CI: 0.279- 0.867), and bone metastases (AOR= 2.536(95% CI:1.121-5.737) were significantly associated factors of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Conclusion; the overall incidence of neutropenia was high. Baseline WBC, cervical cancer, and bone metastases were significantly associated determinant factors of neutropenia. Throughout the course of chemotherapy, it is critical to make every effort to limit the risk of neutropenia. Determinant factors of neutropenia are multifaceted, and healthcare providers should be familiar with these factors as much as possible
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    Glycemic Control Level and Its Associated Factors Among Adult Cancer Patients with Comorbid Type II Diabetes in Public Cancer Care Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023) Getachew,Addisalem; Aga,Fikadu(PhD, Associate professor),Getahun,Negalign (Assistant professor)
    Background: The two main causes of fatalities worldwide are cancer and DM they are more common and dramatically increasing. Currently, those with cancer co-morbid with DM have higher rates of morbidity and early death than cancer patients without DM. However the most and essential means to control complications of Diabetes Mellitus is controlling serum glucose level, to the best of our knowledge there is no study conducted in Ethiopia to identify aspects of the problem. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to determine the glycemic control level and its associated factors among adult cancer patients with comorbid type II diabetes in public cancer care centers in Addis Ababa, 2023. Methods: Methods: In Tikur Anbesa Hospital and St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), a cross-sectional study design was used. Each study area, participants were selected by convenient sampling technique. Data was filled kobo toolbox and exported to SPSS program version 26.0 for analysis. The degree of association between dependent and independent variables were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a P-value of 0.05 was used to evaluate statistical significance. Finally, result of the study presented in the form of text, tables and figures. Result - This study included 120 participants in total. The majority 75(62.0 %) of them were female patients. Most 30(25%) study participants were diagnosed and treated for Hematologic cancer, followed by gynaecological cancer 26(21.7%). Regarding fasting blood glucose level, more than half 68 (56.7%) of the study participants were hyperglycaemic (FBG >130mg/dl) and only 38(31.7%) study participants checked their HgA1C values in the last 6 months. Treatments of DM, Forget to include fruits in the dietary plan and Educational status (illiterate) was related to good glycemic control practice. Patients who were illiterate were 3.1 times more likely to have a good glycemic control practice than patients who were educational status was below diploma (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.24-10.94, P=0.02) and patients who forgot to include fruits in their dietary plan were 64% less likely to be good glycemic control practice (AOR= 0.36, 95% CI: 0.12-1.06, p=0.03). Conclusion- The glycemic control level in adult cancer patients was poor even if most of the study participants got dietary education for the management of diabetic mellitus. Education level and forgetting to include fruits in their diet were factors linked to good glycemic control levels.
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    Knowledge and Experience of Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy in Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Ayalew, Kalkidan; Ayalew, Yohannes(MSN, Assistant Professor ,PhD Fellow); Sr.Alemu, Tsion(Bsc, Msc)
    Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, in 2018 2.1million new cases are diagnosed. In Ethiopia due to the increasing awareness of breast cancer patients are taking chemotherapy in different parts of the country but patient‟s knowledge of chemotherapy and experience of chemotherapy has not assessed very well and this study will try to assess patients‟ knowledge about chemotherapy. Objective: the objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and experience of women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy in selected public hospitals Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted and data collected from TASH and SPHMMC from February 8 to March 1, 2020. Data was entered in to Epi-data version of 4.5 and export to SPSS version 20.0 descriptive statics such as frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation were done and displayed in tables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed. Result: the study involved 250 participants. The mean age of the respondents were 43.35 .Of the total 135 (54%) respondent‟s were not knowledgeable and 115(46%) were knowledgeable. Age less than 45 years Age >45 years and patients who lived in Addis Ababa were associated to higher knowledge. Respondents took chemotherapy fourth to sixth cycle patients and who are currently single associated to worst experience and the distance time it takes to get to the hospital when it is three to six hours were associated to tolerable experience. Conclusion and recommendation: The study revealed that more than half of the participants were not knowledgeable and more than half of the participants had worst experience. Hence health care providers should provide information about chemotherapy to their patients and should teach how to manage the possible side effects
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    Demographic, Clinical, Pathologic and Treatment Pattern of Soft Tissue Sarcoma at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital,Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-02) Abeje, Melsew; Dandena, Yonas (MD, clinical oncologist, assistant professor)
    Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas are an uncommon group of neoplasm that could be fatal, especially in the metastatic setting. Late presentation, Missed Diagnosis and inadequate treatment may worsen clinical outcomes. There is lack of evidence on the demographic, pathological, Clinical and treatment pattern of soft tissue sarcoma in developing countries like Ethiopia Thus, this study is aimed to assess the demographic, pathological, Clinical and treatment patterns of soft tissue sarcoma in a single tertiary health institution in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess demographic, pathologic, clinical and treatment pattern of soft tissue sarcoma at Tikur Anbesa Specialized hospital at four years duration. Methods :This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that asses demographic, clinical,pathologic and treatment pattern of soft tissue sarcoma at the TASH between august 2017 and August 2021 G.C. This period was selected because most patient data before this are not available according to my pilot study. Result: A total of 320 patients were registered from August 2017 to August 2021 and 190 patients card were available for this study and 80 of patients were excluded according to exclusion criteria and 50 of patients’ card were lost. The median age was 32 years of age and Male sex was commonly affected accounting 61.6% and female sex accounts 38.4%. The commonest sites were extremities accounting for 48.9 % of cases. The Commonest presenting symptoms were mass and pain accounting for 93.2% and 77.9% of cases respectively. The commonest histology subtypes were, un differentiated sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma accounting 50%, 15.8% and 6.3 % cases respectively. The grade of the lesions was described in 67.3 % of patients. Of those lesions whose grade was described 56.8 % were high grade lesions. From all cases 58.3% of the patients underwent surgery as a primary treatment modality. Only 50.5% of cases were started treatment with curative intent and 49.5% of the case started their treatment with palliative intent. Conclusion: The pattern of soft tissue sarcoma in this cross sectional study has shown different distribution in terms of demography, clinical presentation, treatment and pathological subtypes when compared to other studies. Advanced stage of initial clinical presentation and substandard work up according to standard text books and therapy makes it unique from cases reported from other parts of the world
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    Admission Pattern and Treatment of Solid Tumors at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Radiotherapy Center from July 2020 to February 2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-02) Hagos, Gebrekirstos; Dr.Assefa, Mathewos(Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Internist, Associate Professor of Medicine)
    Background: The incidence of cancer has increased dramatically worldwide in the last two decade. Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is on the rise caused by a rapid population growth, increased life expectancy and adoption of unhealthy lifestyles. In Ethiopia the incidence of cancer is increasing over years with an estimated 67, 573 new cases and over 46, 373 deaths in 2018. At TASH RT center there was no study that tried to evaluate admission pattern and intent of therapy of solid tumors. So this study was conducted to determine admission pattern and treatment intent of solid tumor in TASH radiotherapy (RT) center. Objective: To assess the admission pattern and treatment intent of Solid Tumors at TASH RT center from July 2020 to February 2021. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess admission pattern and treatment of solid tumors among patients admitted for chemotherapy in TASH RT wards from July 2020 to February 2021 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from the Oncology Patient Registration System, then it was checked for completeness. Descriptive statistic was conducted using SPSS version 23. Association of patient address with cancer stage and intent of therapy was evaluated. Result: A total of 434 patients were admitted during the study period. Median age was 43.0 years, ranging from 18 years to 80 years. Almost half (50.5%) of the patients were females and most patients (87.6%) had no any known comorbidity and 7.4% had HIV infection. Most of the patients came from Addis Ababa City (44.5%), followed by Oromia region (30%) and Amhara region (11.8%). The most common anatomic sites of the cancers were GIT (37.1%), head and neck (25.6) and genito-urinary (15.0%). Based on histology, adenocarcinoma and SCC accounted for about 38.5% and 36.9% respectively. Most patients were admitted with stage IV (72.1%) and stage III accounts 21%. The treatment intent was palliative in 59.4%, neo-adjuvant in 23.3%, adjuvant in 14.3% and radical in 3%. Conclusion: Most patients presented with advanced stage and more than half of all the patients were treated with palliative intent.
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    Clinico-pathology and Treatment Patterns of Urinary Bladder Cancer at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-02) Yeshitla, Amare; Tigeneh, Wondmagegnehu(MD, Consultant Clinical Oncologist)
    Back ground: Bladder Cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, the seventh most common cancer in men, and the seventeenth most common cancer in women. Although the incidence of malignant tumors of the bladder is increasing in developing countries, like Ethiopia, there is a lack of evidence regarding the overall profile of bladder cancer in Ethiopia. Objective: To asses the demography, clinicopathology and treatment patterns of urinary bladder cancer attending at oncology department and Urology unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during the study period. Methods: An institution based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in TASH, department of Oncology and Urology unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and comprised medical records related to urinary bladder tumors between September 2018 and August 2021. Results: Of 158 cases, 81% were of males while 19% were of females making a male to female ratio of 6.74:1. The mean age was 57.41±13.662 years (ranged from 22 to 88years). Hematuria was the most common presenting symptom occurring in 143 (90.5%). Transitional cell carcinoma (urothelial carcinoma) was the most common histology which accounted 87.4% followed by Squamous cell carcinoma (6.3%), adenocarcinoma (1.9%), sarcoma (1.3%) and mixed histology variants (1.3%). Overall, 45.6% was non-muscle invasive, 37.3% was muscle invasive and the remaining 17.1%was metastatic at presentation. Majority of patients were treated with radical intent. TURBT was the most commonly practiced type of treatment. Intravesical chemotherapy, perioperative chemotherapy and cystectomy were rarely practiced as compared with standard guidelines and text books. Conclusion: The most common type of bladder cancer in TASH is TCC. Bladder tumor is more frequent in men than in women. Hematuria was the most common presenting symptom. The commonest procedure for bladder tumors was TURBT which is the golden standard for nonmuscle invasive tumors.
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    Awareness of Prostate Cancer and its Associated Factors Among Male Patients Attending in Urology unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Gebru, Tilaye; Dr.Mekonnen, Hussen(MPH,PhD.); Getahun, Negalign(MSc. Lecturer)
    Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in men Globally. It is the world's second most diagnosed disease and the fifth major cause of cancer-related deaths. In Ethiopia, it is the 3rd most common type of cancer. Having awareness of Prostate cancer is the key to early detection and prevention. The major risk factors for prostate cancer were controllable by increasing public awareness. The study aimed to assess the status of awareness about prostate cancer and its associated factors among male patients attending a Urology unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. A facility-based crosssectional study was done. Among 241 male patients using a pretest and intervieweradministered questionnaire. The study was done at theTikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from February to April 2021. Epidata version 4.6.0 and SPSS 26 version were used to enter and analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used for the analysis. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with awareness of prostate cancer. The strength of the association between independent and dependant variables was described using unstandardized β with 95% CI. A total of 250 patients were approached with a response rate of 241(96.4%), with a mean score of prostate cancer awareness (12.6+10.4) and a proportion of 45%. Families average monthly income >8900ETB (β=2.6, 95%CI:1.1-4.1, P=0.001), heard about prostate cancer (β=5.6, 95%CI:1.5-9.6, P=0.011), having a regular source of care with every six months and above (β=4.3, 95%CI: 2.5-6.1, P<0.001), three times, admission history (β=5.4, 95%CI:1.3-9.5, P=0.009), and health care providers (β=10.7, 95%CI 6.6-14.8, P<0.001) as the major source of information followed by the media (β=9.6, 95%CI 5.4-13.8, P<0.001) were significantly associated with awareness of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the important health-related problems among men in the world. Therefore, a wellplanned health education program should be implemented to address the observed knowledge gaps and raise awareness with a focus on the role of prevention and screening. Additional studies are also, required to investigate the awareness of prostate cancer among men and the Federal Ministry of Health may take preventive methods to increase the level of awareness of prostate cancer among the people.
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    Psychometric Properties of Amharic Version of Becks Depression Inventory II Among Adult Cancer Patients in TASH,2021
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Workneh, Sosina; Derebie, Leul(Assistant professor, PhD fellow); Tewfik, Nete(MSC, Lecturer)
    Background: -Major depression disorder (MDD) or depression is a severe mental illness that relieved to be 8% among cancer patients. Even though the ambiguity of the development of depressive disorders among those patients continues, in Ethiopia, depression prevalence among cancer patients is 79.1%. Among the types of instruments to measure depression prevalence, BDI-II is the main and specific one. Even if there is a lack of studies indicating its validity and reliability among general cancer patients, this gap could lead studies about the prevalence of depression among cancer patients more complex and biased. This study aims to examine the Psychometric properties of the BDI-II Amharic version among cancer patients. Methodology: -The study implied a cross-sectional study design, and a total of 342 sample sizes were enrolled and data collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. EFA was used to determine the factor structure used in the context of Ethiopia. Principal Axis Factoring with oblique rotation used to assess the BDI-II Amharic version's factor structure among cancer patients. Cronbach's alpha(α) was determined to decide the internal consistency of the tool and CFA was used to determine whether the model fit in the Ethiopia. And correlation coefficient was used to determine construct validity of the tool Result: - This study evaluated the psychometric properties and factor structure of BDI-II among cancer patients. Principal Axis Factoring with oblique rotation indicated the presence of three factors among those populations. The cognitive, somatic and affective domain explains 46.3% of the variance. The study also demonstrated that the Amharic version BDI-II yields reliable and valid data among the population under study. Conclusion: -This study concludes that Amharic version BDI-II can be used among cancer patients to measure depression and recommends researchers to use it.
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    Prevalence and Factors Associated with Cancer Related Fatigue Among Cancer Patients Attending Tikur Anbessa Sepcialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Kassa, Sholaye; Mengistu, Daniel(RN, MSC, PHD fellow ,Assistant Professor); S/r.Berhane, Emebet (RN, MSc, PhD fellow)
    Background: cancer related fatigue is a, subjective sense of physical, emotional, and/or cognitive tiredness related to cancer that is distressing, persistent and not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual functioning. Though, the percentages of patients who experience cancer related fatigue vary across studies ranging from 25% to 100% depending on the type of treatment and the type and stage of cancer. However, there is limited information at the study area as well as at national level about the current topic. Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with cancer related fatigue among cancer patients attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from January 20 th to February 20 th of 2021. It included 406 samples of cancer patients by systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected by using pre-tested structured face to face interviewer and collected after obtaining written consent from the respondents. The data was entered into Epi-info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done. AOR and 95% CI was used to see the strength of the association. Independent variables with P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant association with the outcome variable. Result: A total of 383 participants were included which makes the response rate 94.3%. The mean age of the respondents was 46.91 (SD=14.70) years. Among the respondents, the majority were 51 years and above (42%) and 61.6% of them were female. Almost three-fourth of the patients were married (70.2%). The prevalence of cancer related fatigues was 72.3%. Patients who were female (AOR 4.80), single (AOR 5.43), depression (AOR 5.30) and anxiety (AOR 2.88) had statically significant association with cancer related fatigue. Conclusion & recommendation: huge portion of the patients were experienced cancer related fatigues. So, health care providers working at oncology units should have a continuous/routine screening for cancer related fatigues that will help for early identification patients with the problem and manage it accordingly. This will have its own contribution in improving the health condition of the patients.
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    Role and Challenges of Nurses in Caring of Critically Ill Cancer Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Duri, Roza; Tsige, Yosief (Assistant professor); Hailu, Aklile(Lecturer)
    Little is known and discussed about nurses’ role in the oncology ward and patients experience of having critical cancer care. Furthermore, evidence-based practice is a challenge for all nurses and a distinctive challenge for critically ill cancer care nurses. This study aimed to explore the role and challenges experienced by nurses in caring of critically ill cancer patients for oncology nurses at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital during their daily practice. A cross-sectional qualitative descriptive study approach was conducted from February to April 2021 using a Semistructured individual face-to-face key informant interviews. Participants were selected by random sampling method from oncology nurses by work experiance in one of the biggestgovernmental hospitals, Here in this study, the findings reveled that participants well-understand and know their varies role in caring of critically ill nurses, faces several challenges, have had positive relationship with patients, experienced work-related stress and have had also different coping mechanisms. The most mentioned challenges participant raised are lack of drugs, dropping out of treatments, staff shortage, lack of rehabilitation center, delay treatment, late presentation of patients with complication, lack of accessibility services for those who came from distant places, poor management and administration system, unsafe working environment and lack of availability of medical equipment’. As participants faced work-related stress, anxiety and depression due to several factors, they have provided different stress coping mechanisms such as having refreshment, engaging in spiritual and religious activities, and talking with colleagues. Moreover, they suggested counseling and opening of psychology department, refreshment of on job-site, training of every three-month or six months can resolve work-related stress. Availing medical resources, designing stress coping mechanism, and improving the health care management of Tikur Anbessa Hospital able oncology nurses to accomplish their job more than their tasks. These study expanding further study cancer units reduce workload and improve quality of continuum of care.
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    Spirituality Wellbeing and Associated Factors Among Cancer Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Gezahegn, Meketa; Gela, Debela(Assist. Prof.); Bizuwork, Ketema (PhD fellow)
    Background even though worldwide studies explored the spiritual and religious practice can help the effect patients fine-tune the effect of cancer, little is known about spirituality wellbeing in Ethiopia, therefore this study is important to assess the spirituality and associated factor among cancer patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the spirituality wellbeing and associated factors among cancer patients in Tikur Anebessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among cancer patients attending Tikur Anebessa specialized hospital (TASH) with oncology units in Addis Ababa from January 8 to March 8, 2021. The total sample size was 385 participants selected by the simple random sampling method. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6.and exported to SPSS version 25.and were checked none response rate of 10%, the actual sample size for missing values. Data were cleaned. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages were done to describe and displayed in tables, graphs, and charts. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to see the association between independent and the out came variable. Significant factors were identified based on R-square include in 95% confidence level at P-value less than 0.05. Result: 422 cancer patients were included in the study. Which gave response rate was 385 (91.3%), seventy six (19.74%) participants had good spirituality well-being, 207(53.8%) participant were female, factor Sex of respondents (AOR=1.12 (CI=108.3.07)religioneducation (AOR=2.01(95%CI= 1.12,2.92), educationstatus (AOR=4. 03 (93% CI= 1.73,9.35) and comorbidity (AOR=1.32 (95% CI=1.08,2.65) significantly associated with spirituality well-being of cancer patients with p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: In this study factor that was the sex of respondents, the educational status of respondents, those respondents having comorbidity, and respondents having religious education were significant associated with spiritual wellbeing. Recommendation: to maintain spiritual wellbeing focuses on religious education and focus on the prevention of chronic disease to tackle the comorbidity disease that increases the level of attitude cancer and improves their quality of life.
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    The socio-economic Impact of Cervical Cancer on Patients in Ethiopia: Evidence from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Endale, Helen; Mulugeta, Tefera(Asst.Professor); Habte, Teshome(RN,Bsc,Msc)
    Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Ethiopia. The increase of its prevalence has create a burden on cervical cancer patients and it is currently becomes a serious health problem in the country .Nonetheless, research on the socio economic impact of cervical cancer on patients is virtually absent in the country. Objective: To assess the socio -economic impact of cervical cancer on patients in Tikure Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, and Ethiopia 2021. Method: Institutional based cross sectional study design was conducted among cervical cancer patients who were attending TASH Oncology Unit from March 1 to 30, 2021. A total of 423 sample populations were interviewed by structured and semi structured questionnaire that fulfil the inclusion criteria. The participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. The collected data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 24 statistical software package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to evaluate the association of variables. Result: Out of 423 sampled respondents, 416 agreed to participate in the study and the responserate was 98%. The study revealed that cervical cancer has a social impact on patients in terms of social discrimination (61.8%), loss of body image (63%), loss of sexual functioning (78%) and loss of femininity (89%). In addition, it has also an economic impact in terms of loss of income (45.7%), financial distress due medical and non-medical expenditures (71%), work and employment challenge (66.8%). From multivariate analysis ,it was found out that level of sickness stage and treatment modality were significantly associated with both social and economic impact of cervical cancer on patients. Conclusion and Recommendation: Cervical cancer has an enormous social and economic impact on patients in terms of social discrimination, loss of body image, loss of sexual functioning, loss of femininity, loss of income, financial distress , work &employment challenge. Hence, efforts on reduction of social discrimination, psychotherapy support and financial support is needed to limit the socioeconomic impact of cervical cancer on patients.
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    Assessment of Nurses Knowledge and Associated Factors Towards Prevention and Management of Cytotoxic Extravasation in Selected Public Hospitals Oncology Units Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Adugna, Girma; Argaw, Zeleke( BSC, MSC, Ass. Professor); S/r.Berhane, Emebet(BSC, MSC (PhD fellow)
    Background: Cytotoxic extravasation is the major adverse effect than the combinations of sepsis, neutropenia, mucositis and gastrointestinal disorders. Pain, immobility, irreversible damage of nerve, tissues and tendon, skin grafting and loss of extremity are the significant morbidities secondary to extravasation. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess nurse’s knowledge and associated factors towards prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College that was selected purposely. A convenient sampling technique was employed for the selection of study participants. The data was collected by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The data entry and cleaning was done by using Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25. Logistic regression analysis technique was employed to evaluate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Statistical significance was declared with the p
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    Knowledge, Risk Perception and Prevention Practice About COVID-19 Among Patients Attending Oncology Clinic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Alemagegn, Animut; Dr.Cherie, Amsale(Ph.D. Associate. Professor); Bizuwork, Ketema( MSC, Lecturer )
    Background: Coronavirus infection is a highly contagious disease and affected a large number of people throughout the globe. The total number of deaths caused due to this virus has exceeded any of its predecessors. The disease is more intense in immune-compromised individuals. Objective: To assess the knowledge, risk perception, and prevention practice about COVID-19 among patients attending oncology clinic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods and materials: Institution- based cross -sectional study design was conducted among adult cancer patients at, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from FebruaryMarch/2021 A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 420 participants. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was entered into Epi_data version 4.2 and analyzed by SPSS version 25 software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables. The magnitude of the association between the different independent variables in relation to dependent variables was first measured using bivariate logistic regression. Then, those variables below 0.05 on bivariate logistic regression were a candidate for multivariate logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, AOR 95% CI and P-value<0.05 were used to identify variables that have significant association with the dependent variables. Result: Four hundred twenty study subjects were participated in this study. Of these, the majority 243 (57.9%) were female, 220 (52.4%) were now the age between 35_51 years and 103 (24.5%) were exceeding the age 52years old. In overall, 240(57.1%) of participants had a good knowledge about COVID-19. 180(42.9%) of participants had a poor knowledge. Overall, a poor risk perception and a poor prevention practice towards coronavirus disease were 180(42.9%) and 244 (58.1%), respectively. Age AOR= 1.793, (95%CI=1.058-3.039)], {P=0.03} and duration of cancer {[AOR=1.967, (95%CI=1.130-3.424, P=0.01} were significantly associated by knowledge towards COVID-19. Similarly, age [AOR= 1.793, (95%CI= 1.058-3.039), P=0.03] and duration of cancer {[AOR= 1.967, (95%CI= 1.130- 3.424), P= 0.01]} were significantly associated with risk perception towards COVID19. Duration with the cancer {[AOR= 2.392, (95%CI = 1.426-4.012), P=0.01} and knowledge {[AOR= 0.459, (95%CI= 0.303-0.694), P=0.01)} were associated with prevention practice towards COVID-19. Conclusion: The study found high levels of knowledge towards COVID-19, however; risk perception and prevention practice measures towards COVID-19 were low. Age and duration of cancer were associated with knowledge and risk perception of COVID-19, and duration of cancer was associated with prevention practice measures towards COVID-19. The hospital can provide health education programs targeted at assembling and successful COVID-19 pandemic preventive practice are wanted for those cancer patients.
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    Patient Delay to Treatment and Associated Factors Among Women with Breast Cancer at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and St.paul Hospital Millennium Medical College Oncology Units,2021
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Ayele, Gezahegn; Yohannis, Tigistu Gebre(BSc, MSc, Assistant professor); Hailu, Aklil (BSc, MSc, lecturer)
    Unlike developed countries, there is high mortality of breast cancer cases in low and middle-income countries associated with prolonged patient delay and advanced stage presentations. This study aimed to assess patient delay to treatment and associated factors among women with breast cancer at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital and St. Paul's hospital millennium medical college oncology units 2021. An institutional-based crosssectional study design was employed among 205 female breast cancer patients who attended oncology units from March 1 to April 1, 2021. Data was collected by using faceto-face structured interview questionnaires. The study participants were selected by the systematic random sampling method. The coded data were checked for completeness and consistency and entered into EPI-data version 4.6 then exported into statistical package for social sciences version 25 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with the outcome variables. Results: This study showed that 126 (61.46%) patients had a delay > 3 months to get treatment, and 165 (80.4%) of them were getting treatment at an advanced stage of the disease. Age ≥ 41 years, AOR=0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7, rural residence {AOR=2.4,95% CI (1.3-4.4)}, distance AOR=2.3,95% CI (1.3-1.9)}, first diagnosed health structure AOR=0.2, 95% CI (0.07-0.7), treatment modalities AOR=5.5, 95% CI 1.7-17.0, cancer stage, AOR=0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1.0) and appointment waiting time AOR=5.9, 95% CI (0.12.6) were main predictors for a long patient delay to treatment. Conclusion and recommendation: Delay to treatment among breast cancer patients in this study is high. Higher proportions of patients get their treatment at an advanced stage. Distance, place of residence, age, waiting time, treatment type, first diagnosed health facilities and disease stage were important predictors for a delay to treatment. The establishment of additional cancer diagnosis and treatment centers and early detection and treatment of breast cancer cases may improve patient’s problems.
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    Sleep Quality and Associated Factors Among Adult Cancer Patients on Treatments at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Oncology Unit Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Abebe, Eshetu; Wordofa, Berhanu(BSc, MSc, Assistant professor); Boka, Abdisa(BSc, MSc, Assistant professor)
    Cancer symptoms and treatment side effects disturb sleep quality and most of cancer patients complained of poor sleep quality during their treatments. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of sleep quality and associated factors in adult cancer patients in the treatment Oncology unit of TASH, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2021. Methods were institutional-based cross-sectional study design. Data was collected by using face-to-face structured interview questionnaires from March 1 to April 1, 2021. A validated Pittsburgh (Cronbach’s alpha of .85) Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consisting of 19 questions; Social support scale (OSS-3) consisting of 3 items, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) consisting of 14 items were applied. Data were coded and entered into Epi data manager version 4.6 and exported into SPSS software version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the results and logistic regression including bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to examine the association between dependent and independent variables, and P< 0.05 was considered as the level of significance for associations. A total of 264 sampled adult cancer patients on treatments were included in this study, with a response rate of 93.61%. About 26.5% of participants’ age distribution between 4049 years, and about 68.6% them were female and about 59.8% of all participants were married. Concerning education about 48.9% of participants attended primary and secondary school and 45% participants were unemployed. Overall, 53.79% of individuals had poor sleep quality. Low income ((AOR =5.36 CI95% (2.23, 12.90), fatigue (AOR=2.89CI 95(1.32, 6.33) pain (AOR 3.82CI95 % (1.84, 7.93), poor of social support (AOR =3.20CI95% (1.43, 6.74) anxiety (AOR =3.48CI95% (1.44, 8.38) and depression (AOR 2.87 CI 95 % (1.05-7.391) were all associated with poor sleep quality. This study revealed that a high prevalence of poor sleep quality, which was significantly associated with factors like low income, fatigue, pain, poor social support, anxiety, and depression among cancer patients on treatments. As recommendation early detection and managing factors that affecting sleep quality. A qualitative study may be needed for further dig out of further problem.
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    Clinocopathologic Features, Treatment Pattern and Overall Survival of Patients with Osteosarcoma Treated at Radiotherapy Center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional Study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-03) Worku, Yasin; Dr.Abreha, Aynalem(Internist,consultant clinical oncologist, assistant professor of medicine, AAU, CHS); Dr.Seife, Edom(Consultant clinical oncologist, assistant professor, AAU, CHS)
    Background: Primary malignant tumors of bone are extremely rare neoplasms accounting for <0.2% of all cancers, although the true incidence is difficult to determine due to the rarity of those tumors. Bones Sarcomas occur throughout the musculoskeletal system. Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor. Osteosarcomas are more common in the appendicular skeleton. Most patients with osteosarcoma have an advanced disease at presentation and the survival is generally poor in low income countries despite the 5-year survival rate of about 80% in the developed countries. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the clinical features, treatment pattern, and two year overall survival of patients with osteosar coma admitted at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital oncology ward. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used and all patients with a diagnosis of osteosarcoma admitted to oncology ward were included. A descriptive analysis and frequency were used to analyze mean, median, standard deviation and range. Kaplan Meier was used to analyze the survival pattern of patients. Bivariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze association between dependent and independent variables. Multicolinearity test was done on independent variables found to have association with the outcome variable (VIF>10). STATA software version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Result: From 80 patients included in our study, the age ranged between 11 and 58 years with a median age of 19.5 years. Ostoesarcoma peaks between 15-19 years of age. From all patients, 93.75% came after 3 months of the onset of symptoms. Thirty-four patients (42.5%) had documented distant metastasis at presentation. Of all patients with extremity tumors that had surgery, 43 patients (95.5%) had an amputation. Seventy-one patients received chemotherapy, 37 patients (52.11%) received a palliative intent, 18 patients (25.35%) got adjuvant intent, and 16 patients (22.4%) neoadjuvant intent. The median overall survival of osteosarcoma was 20.8  2.96 months (95% CI, 14-50-33.63) and 2-year overall survival was 45%. Conclusion/recommendation: Most patients are delayed at presentation and have an advanced disease. Patients with osteosarcoma were under investigated and received suboptimal care. Patients with osteosarcoma had low median and two-year overall survival. Overall survival was found to be significantly associated with curative surgery (p=0.001), distant metastasis at presentation (p=0.004) and not taking chemotherapy (p=0.05) on bivariate Cox regression but the intent of chemotherapy was the only significantly associated factor for overall survival (p=0.005) on multivariate Cox regression.