College of Humanities, Language Studies, Journalism & Communication

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A comparative Analysis of Coverage of Human Rights Issues in the Ethiopian Herald and the Reporter English Newspapers
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Ephrem Welay; Agaredech Jemaneh
Media plays a vital role in promoting, protecting and shaping and influencing public perception. The primary goal of the study is to investigate the coverage of human rights issues in The Ethiopian Herald and The Reporter English newspapers. In order to conduct stratified random sampling for this study, a population was split into two groups, known as strata, which were editorials and news. This study incorporated both quantitative and qualitative approach. It analyzed two English newspapers published during a specific period; July 1, 2019 and December 30, 2019. Quantitative Content analysis was employed to examine extent, and types, placement, and sources presented while covering human rights issues in the selected newspapers. The quantitative content analysis was performed using SPSS. The qualitative content analysis was employed to investigate framing. The quantitative results are given as tables of information, percentages graphs, and other methods of statistics. The study reveals that The Reporter newspaper allocated maximum attention in coverage of human rights issues than The Ethiopian Herald newspaper. While both newspapers extensively covered the socio-economic and cultural aspects of human rights, they paid little attention to civil and political rights. According to the study's findings, government representatives were the primary news sources utilized to shelter human rights issues in the Ethiopian Herald than the Reporter newspaper. The conflict frame and the value frame were the most dominant frames employed in Ethiopia's two English-language publications. Newspapers organizations, government agencies and advocacy groups must change their media policies and practices to allow for the coverage of human rights since they are critical to the defense and progress of human rights. When reporting on human rights issues, journalists must be compassionate.
A Comparative Analysis of Journalists’ Safety Challenge in Selected Media: The Case of Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporate, Ethiopian News Agency and Ethiopian Press Agency During 2018-2023
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Samrawit Girma Benti; Teshager Shiferaw (PhD)
In recent years, the safety of journalists has emerged as a critical concern worldwide, particularly in regions where press freedom is under threat. This comparative analysis delves into the challenges faced by journalists within the Ethiopian media landscape, focusing on the Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation, Ethiopian News Agency, and Ethiopian Press Agency during the period of 2018 to 2023. By examining the specific dynamics within these organizations, this study aims to shed light on the unique obstacles journalists encounter in their pursuit of reporting the truth and contributing to public discourse in Ethiopia. The main purpose of the study is to analyze journalists’ safety challenge working in selected Ethiopian Public Media organizations, focusing on Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporate (EBC), Ethiopian News Agency (ENA), and Ethiopian Press Agency (EPA) during the period from 2018-2023. The time is selected because of it’s known as reform period regarding to coming to the power of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (PhD). And it is to explore factors influencing their safety and efficacy in reporting. The research employs a qualitative method to provide a comprehensive understanding of journalists’ experience and perception of safety within Ethiopian Public Media. Based on purposive sampling technique, the Data is collected from journalists working in three public media. Semi structured and In depth individual interviews were applied to collect Data from 12 journalists. That mean four from the three media.The research focus during 2018-2023 because the period was selected because it’s known as the period of ‘reform’ and believes many improvements are shown on journalists’ safety and press freedom. As the political and economy structure changed, the government promises to give more emphasis on building democracy system that enables to give press freedom. Based on this the researcher try to conduct the lived experience of journalists during the period.The finding this study discovered that the safety of journalists who are working in the selected media house are still in problem. Journalists are self censoring them selves because of fear for their safety. The result of study also indicated that the safety of journalists before and after the reform is still in question. journalists in selected Ethiopian Public Media, faced challenges such as harassment, intimidation and self -censorship.
A Comparative Study of Ideophones in Afro-Asiatic Languages with Special Reference to Amharic, Kafa and Oromo
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-05) Teferi Mulugeta; Baye Yimam
In day-to-day communication, ideophones play very significant roles in Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages. However, in descriptive studies they are less tread. This dissertation aimed at the phonological, morphological, and syntactic descriptions and comparison of ideophones of Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages. The three representative languages are Amharic (Semitic), Kafa (Omotic), and Oromo (Cushitic). These languages are from the same Afro-Asiatic phylum but they are distantly related. This comparative study identifies more similarities than differences in the phonology and syntax of ideophones. Their morphology shows significant differences. The languages exhibit unique phonological features in phonemic inventories, phonemic distributions, phonotactics, suprasegmentals, and syllable structures of ideophones. Phonetically, the languages exhibited five non-phonemic click-like sounds [ʘ, ǁ, ǃ, ʞ, and the tchip (suck teeth)]. Phonologically, especially Amharic shows the front and back vowels, at the initial positions of ideophonic words, which are not found in the regular phonology of the regular language. Phonotactically, the three languages display the sequences of two identical consonants in coda positions. Ideophones also show expressive consonant and vowel lengthening as main suprasegmental features. Kafa ideophones exhibit high /H/ tone in all ideophonic words across all syllables. In the last case, ideophones show the CVVː, CVVːC, CVCCː and CVCC pattern in addition to the respective regular syllable types. Morphologically, Amharic and Kafa ideophones undergo complex process in compounding and derivation whereas Oromo shows simple processes. Cross-linguistically, ideophones deploy compounding, derivation, reduplication, and inflectional morphology. Inflectional morphology is unpredictable in ideophones. Syntactically, the ideophones of Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages go contrary to the existing generalizations of syntactic aloofness of ideophones. They do not show differences to the non-ideophonic words. Ideophones occupy the argument and the predicate positions. They function as subject, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They are used in complex predicates of active and passive verb constructions. They also occur across all sentence types even though they are reported to be found in certain sentence types and exist peripherally. The remaining semantic and pragmatics of features of ideophones of Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages are the future study focuses of the researcher.
A Comparative Study of Ideophones in Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic Languages with Special Reference To Amharic, Kafa and Oromo
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-16) Teferi Mulugeta; Prof. Baye Yimam
In day-to-day communication, ideophones play very significant roles in Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages. However, in descriptive studies they are less tread. This dissertation aimed at the phonological, morphological, and syntactic descriptions and comparison of ideophones of Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages. The three representative languages are Amharic (Semitic), Kafa (Omotic), and Oromo (Cushitic). These languages are from the same Afro-Asiatic phylum but they are distantly related. This comparative study identifies more similarities than differences in the phonology and syntax of ideophones. Their morphology shows significant differences. The languages exhibit unique phonological features in phonemic inventories, phonemic distributions, phonotactics, suprasegmentals, and syllable structures of ideophones. Phonetically, the languages exhibited five non-phonemic click-like sounds [ʘ, ǁ, ǃ, ʞ, and the tchip (suck teeth)]. Phonologically, especially Amharic shows the front and back vowels, at the initial positions of ideophonic words, which are not found in the regular phonology of the regular language. Phonotactically, the three languages display the sequences of two identical consonants in coda positions. Ideophones also show expressive consonant and vowel lengthening as main suprasegmental features. Kafa ideophones exhibit high /H/ tone in all ideophonic words across all syllables. In the last case, ideophones show the CVVː, CVVːC, CVCCː and CVCC pattern in addition to the respective regular syllable types. Morphologically, Amharic and Kafa ideophones undergo complex process in compounding and derivation whereas Oromo shows simple processes. Cross-linguistically, ideophones deploy compounding, derivation, reduplication, and inflectional morphology. Inflectional morphology is unpredictable in ideophones. Syntactically, the ideophones of Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages go contrary to the existing generalizations of syntactic aloofness of ideophones. They do not show differences to the non-ideophonic words. Ideophones occupy the argument and the predicate positions. They function as subject, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They are used in complex predicates of active and passive verb constructions. They also occur across all sentence types even though they are reported to be found in certain sentence types and exist peripherally. The remaining semantic and pragmatics of features of ideophones of Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages are the future study focuses of the researcher.
A Comparative Study on Primary School English Language Teachers’ Expectations and Received Training: Kombolcha Town in Focus
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-01) Melese Mengesha; Alemu Hailu
The effectiveness of teacher education depends heavily on the competence of teacher educators and the learning experiences of student teachers. When trainees join teacher education institutions, they bring their expectations developed from experiences as teachers and observations as students. Meeting these expectations through training sustains competence among graduates as a program outcome. The effectiveness of a training program can then be measured by its capability to address these expectations. This study then explored the relationship between the training expectations of primary school English language teachers and the training they received. The results in this study are based on data collected from 47 English language teachers in nine primary schools located in Kombolcha town, 6 teacher educators of Dessie College of Teacher Education and the teacher training curriculum document that was in use. Data was collected using questionnaire, interviews, observations and document reviews. SPSS version 26 and NVivo version 11 are used by this correlational descriptive research to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The Spearman’s rho rank correlation was conducted to reveal the relationship between the training expectations of the teachers and the actual training that they received. The analysis of the data indicates that there is weak correlation between the participants’ expectations and the training they received. Some courses and/or contents were also not expected by the teachers prior their entry to college and have less contribution to teach at primary schools. On the other hand, some relevant courses to the level were found absent in the training program. The training is also deficient of practical sessions. The trainees also did not find the teaching approaches of the trainers as they expected. Hence, more relevant courses should be added. Trainees should also be engaged in more peer-teaching and reflective practice sessions so that they can improve their competence in the language. Furthermore, language teacher training programs should consider trainees’ needs. some of the courses contribute less to helping the trainees develop the required competence to teach the subject. There are also neglected but relevant courses. The findings indicate that teacher expectations should be considered when developing training plans for English language teachers, as these expectations influence their willingness to participate in the training activities and ultimately, their effectiveness as primary school English language teachers. More effort and planning are needed to meet their practical needs
A Comparative Study on Primary School English Language Teachers’ Expectations and Received Training: Kombolcha Town in Focus
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-01) Melese Mengesha; Alemu Hailu (Asso. Professor)
The effectiveness of teacher education depends heavily on the competence of teacher educators and the learning experiences of student teachers. When trainees join teacher education institutions, they bring their expectations developed from experiences as teachers and observations as students. Meeting these expectations through training sustains competence among graduates as a program outcome. The effectiveness of a training program can then be measured by its capability to address these expectations. This study then explored the relationship between the training expectations of primary school English language teachers and the training they received. The results in this study are based on data collected from 47 English language teachers in nine primary schools located in Kombolcha town, 6 teacher educators of Dessie College of Teacher Education and the teacher training curriculum document that was in use. Data was collected using questionnaire, interviews, observations and document reviews. SPSS version 26 and NVivo version 11 are used by this correlational descriptive research to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The Spearman’s rho rank correlation was conducted to reveal the relationship between the training expectations of the teachers and the actual training that they received. The analysis of the data indicates that there is weak correlation between the participants’ expectations and the training they received. Some courses and/or contents were also not expected by the teachers prior their entry to college and have less contribution to teach at primary schools. On the other hand, some relevant courses to the level were found absent in the training program. The training is also deficient of practical sessions. The trainees also did not find the teaching approaches of the trainers as they expected. Hence, more relevant courses should be added. Trainees should also be engaged in more peer-teaching and reflective practice sessions so that they can improve their competence in the language. Furthermore, language teacher training programs should consider trainees’ needs. some of the courses contribute less to helping the trainees develop the required competence to teach the subject. There are also neglected but relevant courses. The findings indicate that teacher expectations should be considered when developing training plans for English language teachers, as these expectations influence their willingness to participate in the training activities and ultimately, their effectiveness as primary school English language teachers. More effort and planning are needed to meet their practical needs.
A Comparative study on the Practice of Investigative Journalism in Ethiopia: The case of Ethiopian Broad casting Corporation and Ethiopian Satellite Television.
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04) Mihiret Moges; Yohannes Shiferaw (PhD)
This research was conducted to examine the practice of investigative journalism on the programs “Aynachin” on EBC and “Golgul” on ESAT TV programs on the time intervals of three recent years. To conduct this study, the researcher employed a mixed research approach. Sample programs from both media institutions were collected to examine the practice of investigative journalism. One hundred and twelve questionnaires were collected from respondents who were requested to express their evaluation of the issues and gaps they observe in the two media institutions. In addition, in-depth interview was also conducted to gather the required data from the respondents for the study. Content analysis of the sample programs were critically analyzed depending on the criteria and standards of investigative journalism. The findings of the study indicated that the status of investigative journalism in EBC and ESAT, during three recent years was at an early stage with lots of gaps and problems. The majority of respondents agreed that there is absence of proper investigative journalism in EBC and ESAT. When respondents evaluate issues that “Aynachin” programs focused on corruption and good governance, whereas “Golgul‟s” focus were on corruption and abuse of power. Moreover, the respondents also reflected gaps by correlating “Aynachin” and “Golgul” programs. Both of the programs are not well researched; furthermore “Golguls” contents are not balanced. The main sources of the program were the public petition. On each TV channels producers were interviewed. They mentioned that they face various internal and/or externa challenges. Mainly findings are unwillingness of government, evidence, finance, security and skill on the journalist, accountability, and man power, and other as main challenge in both programs. From content analysis even though these programs were broadcasted as investigative journalism in EBC and ESAT respectively, the programs did not follow the format of investigative journalism and did not fulfill the standards of investigative journalism. The major challenges to practice investigative journalism in the Medias were government officials‟ intervention, lack of media managers and government commitment and lack of professionalism.
A Content Analysis of Children’s Tv Program: the Case of Addis Media Network (Addis Tv) “Yenege Frewoch” Children’s Show
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-09) AbdilkidusTemam; Tenaw Terefe Asst. Prof.
This study aims at analyzing of contents of children’s Tv program on Addis Media Network(Addis tv). Through critical observation and interviews with the producers, editors, and head ofthe show, an effort is made to understand the content of the AMN (Addis Tv) children's program.Content analysis and in-depthinterviews were employed to produce the necessary data for thestudy. In the context of this study, the qualitative content analysis of 10 children's programs 20%0f the total sample were selected through purposive sampling techniques which are broadcastedfrom January 2021 to December 2021 was done. In addition to this an in-depth interview heldwith the program editor, producer, and department head.The findings of the research verified thatAMN (Addis Tv) children’s Tv show has some constraints towards domestic oriented contentsspecially in the area of films, music, fairy tales and using puppets based stories. The outcomes ofthe individual in-depth interviews revealed that as there are some challenges which tackle themto produce a good children’s Tv show.
A critical Discourse Analysis of The Irrecha Events as Depicted by Media, Speeche, and Views of Actors.
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-03) Nuro Amano; (Ass. Prof.) Tenawu Terrefe
The Irrecha festival holds immense cultural significance for the Oromo people in Ethiopia. It is a time of celebration, reflection, and communal bonding. However, the discourse surrounding Irrecha events has been multifaceted, influenced by various stakeholders, including media, political figures, and community members. This study aims to deconstruct and analyze the discourse related to Irrecha, focusing on how it is portrayed in different communication channels. By examining media coverage, speeches, and stakeholder perspectives, we seek to uncover underlying meanings, power dynamics, and cultural implications. The study employed a critical discourse analysis approach, examining both written and spoken language. The data sources included Media Reports: the researcher scrutinized news articles of EBC, OBN and Addis Standard to understand how Irrecha events were framed. Political Speeches during Irrecha gathering by Oromia regional State President Shimallis Abdisa Were analyzed. To understand the Stakeholder Views and provide diverse perspectives the researcher conducts Interviews with participants, organizers, and observers. The findings show Media Frame Irrecha was often portrayed as either a vibrant cultural celebration or a political statement. The choice of words, imagery, and tone significantly influenced public perception. And, most of the definition of Irrecha given by those media is the same. Political Discourse: Government speeches oscillated between endorsing Irrecha as a unifying force and cautioning against potential unrest.also politicized Irrecha. From the Community Perspectives: the Stakeholders expressed pride, nostalgia, and concerns about cultural appropriation. Some viewed Irrecha as a symbol of resistance. Some say that "Irreecha" is not associated with any specific religion, but rather reflects the Oromo worldview and cosmology. While the others express Irrecha as a Waaqeffannaa religion holiday Understanding Irrecha discourse is crucial for fostering cultural understanding, promoting dialogue, and addressing tensions. By examining the interplay of language, power, and identity, we can contribute to a more nuanced appreciation of this significant festival.
A Deconstructionist Reading of Yismaeke’s Kibur Dingay and Yeogaden Dimetoch.
(Addis Ababa University, 2021) Birhan Mekuanent; Dr. Berhanu Matthews
The objective of this paper is to examine the binary oppositions, the inconsistencies, the notion of absence, and ambiguity of the novels. To achieve the objective of the study the research answers the role of binary oppositions and ambiguities in making new meaning of the novels, moreover the research shows the dominant inconsistencies and notion of absence in Kibur Dingay (Ore) and Yeogaden Dimetoch (Ogaden’s Cats). The study is based on textual and intertextual analysis; hence the researcher provides selective and relevant extracts from the novels for discussion after a repetitive critical reading. Moreover, a Biblical expression has been exemplified, and also it deals with the De-humanization of the current generation based on the deconstructionist point of view. In the research a highlight is given in the introduction about the relevance of theory of deconstruction to the study. A brief conceptual issue of deconstruction, which is formulated by Jacques Derrida, is discussed in the second chapter. In the third chapter analysis is made on the novels based on deconstruction theory. The dual nature of the characters: the Dog-man, the Cat-man and the Cat-woman create an ambiguity to exhibit how much the respected human being devaluates one’s own status and live as animals or below instinctive creatures those target only on sensational life. The inconsistencies, the notion of absence and the ambiguity emphasize as if the human being is created in the image and likeness of animals. In the conclusion, the findings of the research are presented briefly: Based on the notion of Derrida a focus is given to the marginalized and unprivileged term. Then the research reveals the binary oppositions and they have been already subverted to create new meaning: woman over man, animal over person, and nature over culture portray how the life of the current human beings is deteriorated. Hence, the center that of person, man and culture are brought into decenter; and also animal, woman and nature which are inferior terms are brought into superior to reveal how much the generation underrates one’s own status below human’s ethical standard. In the selected literary works the scrutinized notions of absences: absence of good life opportunity, absence of confidence and absence of reason show the reason why a person is changed into beast now a day. Moreover, the inconsistencies show the inadequacy of language to reveal the reality in the novels and also the ambiguous characters: the Dog-man, cat-man, Cat-woman show the high abstraction of the words that refer many meanings in the novels. Generally the finding shows that currently the animal kingdom is much better than human species.
A Feminist Reading in Selected Novels: a Comparative Analysis.
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-05) Tarekegn Abraha; Olga Yazbec (PhD)
The aim of the study is to comparatively analyze the societal representation of women in England in the 19th and 20thThe novels Emma and Persuasion by Austen deal with the position of women and their social expectations most of which are related to marriage. The protagonists of these novels represent a unique response to those expectations which are the products of their way of thinking. Jane Austen artistically reveals various gender discriminations in economics, education, marriage and religion. As to Austen expressed through her characters, gender discrimination happens because people think that men are better than women. The researcher’s intention, real aim of Austen is then to reduce gender discrimination through education and change the ways that people think about gender roles. century. The method of the study is textual, contextual descriptive comparative analysis. The study reveals the patriarchal assumptions on women, the extent of women stereotypes and subjectivity and the women’s’ selfhood in exercising agency against the males’ suppressive action on females. The researcher employs theories of Julia Kristeva and Toril Moi, post-structuralism literary feminism as analysis framework. In the novel, Women in Love the study analyses the composition of will to power between women and men characters. This thesis analyses the characters Gudrun and Gerald and their concept and competition of the will to power. The relationship between the characters in Women in Love basically portrays their significance, the will to power and the conflicts arising from dominating one another. It also considers women’s wise struggle to challenge the traditional male characters in their treatment of gender equality and their social status as a source of power and authority. Sons and Lovers first published in 1913 is Lawrence’s first most important novel which receives praise. The novel depicts the story of the Morel family, Mrs. Morel, in particular of Paul Morel. The story focuses on the problem of human relationships, chiefly relations between men and women, children and parents. The analysis focuses on how gender and sexuality become a central issue in the twentieth century’s society, and it reflects Lawrence’s attitude towards them. Finally the study concludes on the type of women’s advocacy on marriage through love and respect between husband and wife. The direct and indirect women’s agency in Persuasion, furthermore, male characters’ sexual ineffectiveness forced by women characters and the will to power which occurs between the men and women characters which are mainly reflected in Women in Love. This all are happened backed by females’ education and their economic independence
A Feminist Reading of Selected Novels by Ethiopian Diaspora Writers in English: The Case of The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears and The Shadow King
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-08) Bekelech Truye Gemeda; Olga Yazbec(PhD)
This research investigates feminist issues in Dinaw Mengestu’s debut novel, The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears and Maaza Mengiste’s second novel, The Shadow King. The researcher examines the representation of the female characters and the roles they play based on the paradigms drawn from poststructuralist feminism focusing on Julia Kristeva’s point of view. The Ethiopian diaspora Dinaw Mengestu and Maaza Mengiste have attempted to portray model female characters to indicate the failure of patriarchal society at present. This research highlights the change of portrayal of female characters now-a-days. The protagonist female character Judith in Dinaw Mengestu’s The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears and Hirut as well as Aster who are the leading characters in Maaza Mengiste’s The Shadow King reflect human characters who depict strengths and flaws simultaneously. This paper examines female characters from the perspective of Poststructuralist Feminism in general and Julia Kristeva’s point of view in particular. According to Julia Kristeva’s promotion of a new generation, Judith from Dinaw’s novel, Hirut and Aster from Maaza’s novel play double roles in the private sphere as a mother, and they keep their dreams and desires in the public affairs. As it is investigated in this research, the authors attempt to portray the female characters as models for a new generation of women who struggle against a patriarchal approach who fight to be one-self and stand independently by leaving aside submissiveness and passivity though negative experiences in sexuality are perceived.
A Model for Amharic Idiom Identification Using Deep Learning
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-07-02) Sara Bihonegn; Demeke Asres
This work explores the detection of Amharic idioms using a hybrid machine learning and deep learning approach. Amharic, aSemiticlanguagespoken in Ethiopia, has alargeidiomatic vocabulary, making it challenging to perform natural language processing tasks. Weinvestigate the effectiveness of traditional machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Gradient Boosting, for idiom detection. Furthermore, we develop the potential of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM),forcapturing the sequential natureoflanguageandenhancing idiom identification accuracy. Our research aims to contribute to advancing Amharic natural language processing by developing robust and efficient idiom identification models. Experimental results on a curated Amharic idiom dataset were presented, the performance of the different algorithms was compared, and their strengths and weaknesses were analyzed. To measure the model's performance, we used accuracy, precision, recall, and F- score. The experimental results from the idiom identification indicate that the combination of SVM with Bi-LSTM, gradient boosting with Bi-LSTM, and Bi-LSTM alone achieved accuracies of 98.27%, 98%, and 98.18%, respectively. This study provides insights into the suitability ofvarious machine-learning approaches forAmharicidiom identification and lays the groundwork for future research in this domain
A Multi-Dimensional Interactive Approach to Continuous Professional Development: An Exploratory Case Study of English Language Teacher Educators
(Addis Ababa Unversity, 2011-07) Melaku Wakuma; Teshome Demissie (PhD)
The purpose of this study was to explore the CPD undertakings in the Department of Foreign Languages and English Education (FLEE) of College of Teacher Education, AAU, and test the Collaborative-Observation-Reflection-Appraisal (CORA) approach to CPD that was named as Multi-Dimensional Interactive Approach to CPD for the sake of clarity. To this end, non experimental design of classroom based exploratory qualitative case study in which four cases were selected using purposive sampling technique facilitated through snowball and theoretical sampling was conducted. In this process, semi structured in-depth interview, video assisted self appraisal of recorded lessons, as well as video supported peer observation and reflection were carried out. The semi-structured interview had also addressed other relevant informants from the College. To widen understanding, a questionnaire was distributed to other teacher educators who were teaching in the undergraduate program and were not the cases of the study. All the instruments were piloted at Kotobe College of Teacher Education. The feedback obtained from all the instruments including self as well as peer reflections on the lessons were transcribed, coded, organized under major themes, analyzed, interpreted and presented under two broad categories: holistic or within case and across cases. The finding identified diverse themes that were factors to enhance or retard professional development of the teacher educators. Accordingly, the belief of most of the teacher educators was not in consistent with the current learning theory. On top of this, the prevailing professionalism was the old rather than the transformative. A lot of potentials that would have contributed to the professional development of the teacher educators, too, were not exploited. Nonetheless, there were exceptional cases and tenets that were aligned with modern learning theory that would have been exploited given conducive atmosphere was created and awareness was raised. To address the problems identified in the course of the study, different recommendations were offered. Concerning the tested approach, promising developmental incidents and evidences were obtained. The self appraisal of the recorded lessons resulted in critical scrutiny into one’s teaching in which the partners gained knowledge as observed from their reflections and the recorded learning logs. The peer observations and professional discussions that accompanied the self-appraisal were also developmental. As a result, the proposed approach indicated that it had the potential to break the ‘individualism’ that reigned in the Department and generate learning in collaborative environment.
A Postmodernist Reading of Selected Ethiopian Novels in English
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Liknaw Yirsaw; Berhanu Matthews (Asso. Prof)
This study has been designed to make a modest attempt which could add contributions on someof the practices that can make Ethiopian literature in English into its stature. In other words,this study has been attempted because researchers in most of the time are not zealous onEthiopian literature in English. The study has been employing postmodernism as a tool ofanalysis, for postmodernism is primarily inaugurated for giving fair attention for themarginalized literatures like Ethiopian literature in English. Therefore, the analysis in thisdissertation has been made on selected Ethiopian Novels in English in line with postmodern narrative strategies. Thus, the chief postmodern narrative strategies reflected in the novelsinclude; interrogating the historical, political, religious and cultural realities; magical realismin relation to fantasy, irony and blackhumour; metafiction, historiographic metafiction,maximalism, fragmentation, intertextuality and the denial of superior over inferior culturalpresentations. Therefore, the novels have been read in line with basic postmodern narrativestrategies. On top of their own differences, all the four novels are similar in relation to reflectingmajor postmodern narrative strategies. In simple terms, though there are some differences among the individual novels selected for the dissertation, they are equally appropriate to be readas postmodern texts.
À quoi devraient ressembler les qualités et traits de caractère d'un enseignant de FLE à l‟aube du XXIème siècle ? Une étude de cas au sein d‟Etege Menen.
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Addis Argo; Dr Amel Aït-Hamouda
This research aims to acquire an in-depth understanding of the qualities and the valuable skills necessary to effectively practice the profession of FLE teacher in a contemporary context, taking into account social, technological and pedagogical developments. The fundamental objective of this research is to analyze and define those qualities and character traits that should characterize a teacher of French as a foreign language (FLE) of the 21st century. Identify the personal and professional character traits that contribute to the success of teaching FLE, Propose practical recommendations for the professional development of FLE teachers. The research is based on a corpus produced using semi-structured interviews of five teachers from pilot schools in Addis Ababa, and questionnaire intended for female students at Etege Menen Comprehensive Girls’ Secondary School. The result of this research figures out all the necessary qualities and character traits that a FLE teacher should have and the finding of the research highlights that integrating French teaching with the modern technology would be indispensable, having cultural senility, empathy and patience are fundamental character traits of a FLE teacher in our era. And that, on the other hand, creates an inclusive learning environment and promotes the success of the students both in their academic efforts and lifelong journey. Key words: FLE teacher, Qualities, Skills, Contemporary context, Professional development, Modern technology.
A Study of Audience’s Reception of Etv Arabic News Report: Focus on Arabic Speaking Audience in Ethiopia and Beyond
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-09) Sadia Bedru; Anteneh Tsegaye (PhD)
The primary objective of this study was to analyze the ways in which viewers of the ETV Arabic news report program on the ETV Languages channel perceive the content of the program. In order to accomplish this goal, data collection was carried out utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data was collected electronically through the use of Google Forms, which is a platform for the administration of online surveys. After collecting the responses, the quantitative data from these responses were entered into Google Sheets in order to undergo data cleaning and statistical analysis using terms such as percentages, median, and frequencies. Various types of graphs, such as pie charts and line graphs, were used to illustrate the findings of this investigation. According to the findings, the program could be accessed rather easily through various channels of media such as Facebook and television, despite the fact that it did not have a presence on key platforms such as YouTube and Twitter. The respondents stated that the program does not broadcast quality content with the Arabic speaking audience in mind, and that the majority of its airings are unoriginal and directly copied from their Amharic counterparts. In addition, the respondents voiced their annoyance with the broadcast time of the program, describing it as being extremely inconvenient. The study gathered a variety of different aspects on the program's strengths and weaknesses by utilizing the qualitative data. Following the collection and analysis of this data, recommendations were established that can assist the program in enhancing the experiences of its audience.
A Study of Content Diversity in Ethiopian Television’s 57 News Package on Social issues
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Bemnet Gezahegn; Anteneh Tsegaye (PhD)
This research explored the news content diversity within the Ethiopian Television (ETV) newsroom, focusing on the coverage of social issues in ETV’s 57 news package. It addresses the challenge of achieving content diversity despite ETV's motto of being the “For the Greatness of Ethiopia” and its obligation to serve all segments of society. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. The goal of the study is to assess the current level of content diversity, identify challenges faced by ETV in achieving diversity, and examine ETV's news editorial policies and guiding principles related to content diversity. The sampling methods used were purposeful sampling and stratified random sampling, with a sample size of 285. The data was collected over a 50-day period from November 1, 2023 to December 20, 2023, with data gathering taking place 2 days per week, for a total of 14 days of News data collection. Findings indicate that while there is 40.82% of coverage of diverse social issues, there are challenges such as underrepresentation, difficulty accessing diverse sources, and ethical concerns regarding portrayal. The research concludes with recommendations for improving ETV's accommodation of diversity in news coverage. Key words: Content diversity. News package, social issues, portrayal.
A Study of Efl Teachers’ Teaching Efficacy, Attributions to their Teaching and their Perceived Effectiveness of CPD: PGDT Graduates in Focus.
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-11) Ebissa Dhaba; Anteneh Tsegaye (PhD)
Teaching-efficacy is a topic of significance in mainstream education and in ESL/EFL. Teaching-efficacy belief is an important concept in understanding teachers’ thoughts, decisions, feelings, behaviors, performance, and attitudes with regard to their students (OECD, 2008). Research in the educational domain confirms that individuals pursue activities in which they feel they will be competent, and avoid situations in which they doubt their capability to perform successfully (Pajares, 1992). However, EFL teachers, compared to learners, have not received enough exposure to English Language Teaching (ELT) literature and research (Akbari, 2008). Likewise, teacher attributions, particularly language teacher attributions, remained an unchartered territory that awaits further research (Tollefson and Chen 1988; Davis and Sumara 1997 and Peacock 2010). This study intended to explore PGDT graduates of EFL teachers’ levels of teaching-efficacy, the teachers’ success and failure attributions to their teaching performances, and their perceived- effectiveness of CPD activities in light of constrctivist paradigm by employing equally treated Mixed Methods Research (MMR) involving 204 EFL teachers for the survey questionnaires and 8 selected PGDT graduate EFL teachers for the semi structured interviews in 5 zones of Oromia Regional states respectively. To this end, adapting Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) model as a theoretical framework, EFL teachers’ levels of teaching efficacy has been explored in relation to ECMRA, ECAMS, ESPA, ETCLC, ESA, EAA, and CE following data generation through adapted scenario-based, Likert-scale ELT teacher efficacy Instrument (ELTEI). Similarly, the teachers’ success and failure attributions to their EFL teaching performances: namely Teacher Competence (TrC), Teacher Effort (TrE), Students’ Ability (StA), Students’ Effort (StE) and Institutional Support (InS). EFL teachers’ perceived-effectiveness of CPD was assessed on four sub-components: their views of CPD, methods of CPD they were engaged in, effectiveness of the CPD activities, and factors that affect their CPD activities. The overall finding of the EFL teachers’ level of teaching efficacy showed that there was mixed levels of teaching efficacy. The survey results showed that majority of the EFL teachers had the belief that they had moderately high levels of teaching efficacy. However, the qualitative data findings indicate that still some others had a doubt that they can handle or do efficaciously on each sub-components of ELTEI alongside their items to measure similar constructs. Particularly, the findings of the teachers’ survey questionnaire in efficacy in skills and proficiency adjustment(ESPA) and efficacy in age adjustment(EAA) sub-component of ELTEI are contrary to the findings of interview data results. The findings of both quantitative and qualitative methods were congruent that the teachers’ judgment of the effectiveness of ELT-CPD was moderate (M=3.45, SD=.28). It was found out that there is no relevant professional development offered, particularly EFL related themes in the CPD manual and the contents of the CPD activities lack language components to help the teachers improve their language skills. The finding indicate that teachers’ mean rating score on attributions TrC, TrE, StA and StE for success were higher than their mean score on attributions for failure. The interview findings, too, show that the EFL teachers attributed their success mainly to their efforts and their competence while they attributed the causes of failure in teaching to students’ poor background and lack of ability, lack of interest and motivation. Results from this study and follow up research enable enhanced understanding of EFL teachers’ teaching efficacy, and their attributions while engaging and/or and following any methods of CPD activities. Several important theoretical and practical implications for teacher development and policy-making in the EFL teacher education context have emerged from the present study.
A Study of English Teachers’ Perception of Preparedness and Practice of Teaching Early Grade Reading
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12) Endrias Yisihak Ukumo; Abebe Damtew(PhD)
The purpose of this study was to investigate English teachers’ perception of preparedness and practice of teaching early grade reading. The context of this study was randomly selected public primary schools in Hawassa City Administration, Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia. To achieve its objectives, this study chose a descriptive research design of mixed methods. Quantitative data were gathered from 125 English teacher of 20 randomly selected schools through questionnaire of closed ended items of four scales adapted from (Salinger et al, 2010; Nyguyen, 2013) and knowledge assessment test of 40 multiple choice items; qualitative data were gathered through unstructured classroom observation of 60 video recorded lessons, two focus group discussions, 15 writtenclassroom assessment activities and semistructured interviews.The data gathered through knowledge assessment test and questionnaires were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Scieneces (SPSS Version 25.0). The qualitative data from focus group discussions and interviews were coded by using grounded theory techniques, and categories were identified for interpretation and discussion. It has been learnt from the teachers’ responses that teaching early grade reading got little emphasis of coursework and practicum of primary English teacher preparation. As result, the teachers are not completely sure how to use the strategies and activities with students in all early grades and at all reading levels. Moreover,the results have revealed that early grades English teachers have serious knowledge limitations of early grade reading instruction; the average knowledge assessment test score is 36.4%; 113 (90.4%) teachers scored below 50%. and 57.5% of the items were answered incorrectly. The results of classroom observations also reveal that participant English teachers are not properly employing the strategies for effective early grade reading instruction. The participant English teachers are not systematically assessing and recording students’ progress of learning to read; some of the classroom assessment activities have been repeatedly used with no relevance to language and literacy skills development; instead such repeated and irrelevant assessments may have detrimental effects. That is, teachers are inadequately prepared and are teaching and assessing inappropriately. Therefore, due attention should be paid to revising primary school English teacher preparation curriculum with particular focus on teaching early grade reading and providing systematic, explicit and hands-on training to teachers on early grade reading instruction and assessment techniques. However, the implementation of curricular revision of primary English teacher preparation and professional development activities would be effective if the trend of attracting potential teachers of poor academic performance and low interest to the profession is improved.

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