Human Right

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Access to Health Care Services for Persons with Physical and Sensory Disabilities in Ethiopia: The Case of Addis Ababa’s Yeka Sub-City
(AAU, 2021-08) Woreta, Tsega; Vander, Christophe
Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, the seat of the AU and a variety of regional and international organizations is a city where persons with disabilities continue to face everyday challenges especially lack of access to primary health care services. This thesis intends to scrutinize the issue of accessibility right to health care services in Ethiopia with a special reference to Addis Ababa’s Yeka Sub-City. Yeka sub-city has been chosenas a research area purposively considering the landscape, data availability and its being forestry and mountainous with long outer boundary line with rural woredas all of which are not suitable for PWDs. Compared to other Sub-Cities,Yeka Sub-City consists of low status residents who are not able to help persons with disabilities to access required services.PWDs, health professionals and some persons in the society have been selected applying purposive sampling to give the required data and information. PWDs consist of physical, visual, hearing and speech impairments. Health professionals consist of doctors, health officers, nurses and health assistants. Persons in the society include directors, officers and association leaders. A total of 60 participants of which, 34 male and 26 female has participated in the interviews and two focus group discussions. In the course of the research, international and regional human rights instruments, together with national legal frameworks, policies and strategies, which are relevant to the research issues as well as practical situations and implementations in health care centers have been observed and studied deeply. The research has also employed review of literatures, interview discussions, focus group discussionsand observations as data collection tools.In the research, it is realized and understood that the problem of accessibility to health care services to PWDs is more prevailing in Ethiopiadue to the negative impacts of barriers.Lack of monitoring mechanisms, ineffective enforcement mechanisms and failure to institutionalize disability issues aboutPWDs’ benefits and human rightscauses violations of their rights. The researcher analyzed the thesis using qualitative method and descriptive analysis and structured it organizing the required data and information.Additionally, the problem of accessibility to health care services for PWDs is attributed to the low level of information transmission in the community and lack of disaggregated legal frameworks, policies and strategies in accordance with each disability types. The health care service provision problem for PWDs is very high and complex in Addis Ababa and it is possible to imagine how it is even worse in rural areas of the country. Therefore, the country particularly the city administration, needs determined action to develop horizontal accessibility laws (laws which govern non-state or private actors on human rights), disaggregating disability types and develop convenient legal frameworks; design policies, strategies and guidelines; train and educate health professionals about human rights of PWDs, and create awareness integrating community based organizations. All these should be backed by adequate budget and effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to realize the access to health care services for persons with disabilities as perthe standards of international and regional human rights instruments, and national legal frameworks.
Access to Justice in Ethiopia: Language Barrier in Criminal Proceedings at the Federal Level
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Legesse, Yemserach; Kedir, Abduletif
Ethiopia is a multilingual country with federal form of state structure. The 1995 FDRE Constitution gave equal recognition for all Ethiopian languages but chose Amharic to become the working language of the Federal Government. In order to accommodate the needs of non-Amharic speakers in the provision of public services, the Constitution as well as other laws require the use of interpreters in criminal proceedings at the federal level. These legislations state that non-Amharic speakers should be assisted with “qualified” interpreter so as to meaningfully participate in their criminal cases. The objective of this research is to explore government strategies towards language barrier in criminal proceedings, before and during trial, and assess major challenges that non-Amharic speakers encounter at the federal level. The finding of this research revealed that non-Amharic speakers are not being effectively served up to the legal standards. In fact, they are encountering multifaceted challenges that endanger their fundamental human rights. This is mainly due to the absence or limited number of interpreters as well as the use of unprofessional interpreters in criminal proceedings at the federal level.
Access to Legal Aid for Women in Ethiopia: The Case of Hawassa University Legal Aid Center and Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association
(AAU, 2012) Zenebe, Yodit; Hailu, Emezat(phD)
Due to their vulnerability women face various problems and experience discrimination, domestic violence, sexual assault and harassment. In Ethiopia although women experience violence they are not in a position to access justice due to poverty, sociocultural factors and discrimination. Therefore, to curb this problem legal aid programs are essential in making indigent women enjoy their right to equality before the law. The main purpose of this study is therefore to examine the role of legal aid in promoting the rights of women, identify the major factors/challenges that hinder women from accessing legal aid taking Hawassa university legal aid center and Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association as case studies. Methodologically, the study is based on a qualitative approach. It relies on analyzing both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data sources are gathered using semi- structured interview questions, with focus group discussion and personal observations. The study has employed purposive sampling procedure for contacting the interviewees. The secondary data sources are gathered predominantly from literature out puts, journals and other publications. The finding of the study shows that legal aid service is inaccessible for the majority indigent women. Lack of awareness about the availability of legal aid, economic problems , culture and family pressures, lack of legal rights awareness, language in which service is provided and women’s perception towards legal aid are among the barriers that deny women access to legal aid. Regardless of the above facts legal aid has great role in promoting the rights of women, women who are victims of violence are able to claim for compensation, secure their property and inheritance rights and further make them aware of their legal rights. The study recommends that it is important to have Awareness raising campaign about the availability and importance of legal aid service and disseminate legal rights education to increase women awareness about their rights and obligations under the law. Legal aid service providers shall also make legal aid centers physically accessible to the majority in need. This study also reveals the importance of having professionally competent service providers and the diversified use of non lawyers in order to reduce the shortage of man power.
Adequacy of the Prevailing Regulatory Framework Relating to Hate Speech on Social Media in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2020-12) Weldeghebriel, Rahwa; Assefa, Mesenbet (PhD)
Over the years, the abuse of social media, including the spread of different forms of hate speech, has fomented ethnic conflicts and violence’s in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian government has passed a comprehensive law called Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation (HsDPSP) to combat hate speech both online and offline. This thesis seeks to assess the adequacy of the Proclamation to regulate hate speech circulated through social media in Ethiopia. This study has examined the legislation in light of international and regional human rights instruments, as well as pertinent domestic laws. The study reveals that while the government's measure to regulate hate speech is progressive, the hate speech legislation fails to strike a proper balance between freedom of expression and hate speech, both in content and procedure which may pose a risk of excessive regulation short of international standards.
Adjudication of Sexual Crimes Vis-a-Vis the Due process Guarantees of the Accused in Ethiopia
(2020-05) Fantable , Eyerusalem; Assefa, Mesenbet (PhD)
This thesis examines the due process rights of the accused in the adjudication of sexual crime cases in the Ethiopian criminal justice system. It explores the legal and practical gaps of sexual crimes cases investigation and court proceeding in the judicial system. Using a human rights-based approach, which is anchored for international human rights principles and mechanisms, this thesis examines how these principles and mechanisms can remedy violations of the rights of accused in sexual crimes. The women and child justice sector professionals and institutions are the focus of this study. This thesis accordingly found out that there is a weak production of evidence and technologically in advanced investigation system .In addition lack of corroboration of evidence in sexual crime cases creates a heavy challenge on the accused to defend his/her case . This thesis concludes that a human rights based approach will be an efficient and effective strategy to pressure the government of Ethiopia to take the necessary legislative, administrative and judicial measures to ensure the rights of the accused. These measures will ensure the rights of the accused in the criminal justice process and enhances Ethiopia’s compliance with its international human rights obligations.
Adopting a Human Rights-based Approach to Counteract Trafficking -in-Women: The Case of Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-11) Jibriel, Bahar; Dawit, Benyam (PhD)
Trafficking in persons which is akin to contemporwy slavelY is highly prevalent across the world. It is affecting thousands o.{persons in all corners of the globe. While men and boys can be exposed to trafficking, the women and girls constitutes a significant majority ol victims of trafficking. Ethiopia is among source countries of many women and girls exposed to trafficking. Each year thousands of Ethiopian women and girls are trafficked across international border to mainly Middle East countries for labor and sexual exploitation purposes. Ethiopian women are subjected to multiple human rights abuses in destination coun tries. Thus, this thesis seeks to examine the sufjiciency and adequacy ol anti/rafficking measures adopted in Ethiopia to counteract trafficking in women. The study"identifies that th ere are two dominant approaches to countera ct trajJicking in persons including women trafficking. These ar e: criminal justice approach and human rights based approach antitrafficking response. It argues that criminal justice approach which views trqUicking as crime and immigration issues resolvable by prosecution of traffickers alone is lOSing currency. It fails mainly to address the root causes irafficking in persons in addition to lack o.l protection to VaT As a result, human righ ts based approach that considers trafficking in women as human rights issues deeming a human rights oriented interventions is gaining ground in antitrafficking discourses. The study, jilrther, argues that A Human Rights Ba sed Approach AntitralJicking Re sponse addresses not only Ihe process and consequences aftrafficking but also it seeks to dismantle Ihe structural root causes such as poverty, lack of education, unemployment and discrimination against women that feed trafficking in women. Accordingly, a human ri ghts based approach antitrafficking en compasses prosecution of trafficking cases, protection of VoT and prevention of Ira.lJicking in holistic manner. Thus, the purpose o.lthis thesis is to assess whether antitralJicking adopted in Ethiopia are in line with human rights based approach standards. The th esis reveals that while there are some positive initiatives and efforts, antiirafficking measures adopted in Ethiopia .!cdl short oj" Human Rights Based Approach antitrqlJicking standards. The lack ()llegislative, policy and instilutional ji"({/l1eworks coupled with deficienCies in prosecution, protection and prevention strategies prove this asserlion. Therej"ore , it is a high time to adopt A Human Rights Based Approach antilra/ficking re!>panse in the countlyto see the effective and meaningfid eradica tion o.lthe trafficking in women. Key terms: trqfjicking in persons, women, criminal justice approach, human rights, a human rights based approach, prosecution, protection, prevention, victims of traffic king
The African Internal Displacement Problem and the Responses of African Union: - An Examination of the Essential Features of the AU IDPs Convention
(Addis Ababa University, 2010-01) Alemayehu, Admasu; Hammad, Salah S. ( PHD)
Analysis of Human Rights Impacts of Development Induced Displacement: The Case of Finchaa Amerti Nashedam
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-10) Kitila, Debela; Birmeta, Birmeta (PhD Candidate)
This paper investigated the legal and practical protection of development induced displaced victims' rights in case of mega projects. For this purpose, secondary sources such as relevant legal literatures, books, laws, articles and journals were analyzed while interviews and field observations were the primary sources employed. Each year, millions of people around the globe are forcibly relocated and resettled away from their homes, lands and livelihoods in order to make way for large-scale development projects such as dams. This forced relocation is known as Development Induced Displacement. The thesis offers an overview of the human rights violations that have been taking place in Ethiopia as a result of the implementation of mega development projects by focusing on FAN project in Horro Guduru Wollega. This research examines the legal projection of the right not to be displaced and the impact of dispiacement on human rights specifically on the right to life, food, hOUSing, adequate standard of living, the right to participation and right to development. The research revealed that although FDRE Constitution and other legislations guaranteed the right not to be displaced in arbitrary manner, the laws and practice are inconsistent with the standards et forth by international human rights instruments. In addition to this, the thesis analyzes the shortcomings a/Ethiopian laws, and how the FAN has induced impoverishment and violated human rights. To protect human rights of DID the research recommends the government to amend or repeal the laws inconsistent with human rights and to adopt laws which further protect human rights in progressive way. The'study urges policy makers and concerned authority to envisage competing human rights using legality, legitimate aim and proportionality tests, to follow human rights based-approaches, to conduct human rights impact assessment before, during and after evictions, to rehabIlitate the livelihood of evictees. Finally, the thesis recommends that Ethiopia should implement and adopt a legal framework to address issues of victim of development-induced displacement and provide project affected people with legally enforceable rights regarding resettlement and rehabilitation.
Analysis of Legal and Institutional Framework for Expropriation of Farmlands and Properties: A Case Study of Per-urban Areas of Mekelle City
(A.A.U, 2020-09) Haileselasie, Kiros; Weldegebriel Ambaye, Daniel (PhD)
Peri urban areas are places which are exposed to massive degree of development-induced expropriations. Urban expansion, construction of infrastructure and private investment constitute the main causes of land acquisition in those areas. In undertaking expropriation, mandatory requirements of modern day acquisition mainly public purpose and compensation are not adhered into by the state. In Mekelle peri urban areas, large tracts of agricultural lands are taken away from local farmers and transferred to private developers which bring no benefit to the public in violation element of public purpose. The maximalist approach in interpreting public purpose contravenes the underlying land policy of public ownership. With regards to the lands incorporated into urban areas through master plans, issues of compensation for residential properties paid to local population in forms of cash and substitute land suffer from discriminatory legislations and administrative practices. Such laws and practices undermine the constitutionally guaranteed right to property and rights emanating thereof mainly right to get commensurate compensation during expropriation.
An Appraisal of the Effectiveness of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission to Promote and Protect Human Rights in Ethiopia: With Particular Emphasis to Hawassa Branch Office
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Zegeye, Zewdnesh; Shiferaw, Anchinesh
This study aimed at examining the role of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission- Hawassa Branch Office to promote and protect human rights in SNNPR. Overall, the finding of the study shows, that the Ethiopian EHRC efforts to establish branch office in SNNPR is a good beginning to make its activities geographically and operationally accessible . It was, however, revealed that the its promotional and protective activities were held operationally inaccessible and inadequate to conform with the minimum standards of the Paris Principles due to financial, manpower, institutional and co-operational hurdles. It was found that the branch office promotional activities and strategies were inadequate to create meaningful awareness to target groups as well as the public at large. It was also observed that, the Office’s protection efforts by redressing human rights allegations to victims and reliefs to victims and averting the risks of secondary victimizations were insufficient. Moreover, its protective functions through monitoring, research, as well as advisory roles remain inadequate. So the paper propose the possible recommendation that the office should have to strengthen its operational effectiveness.
An Appraisal of the Practice of Ethiopian Protection Mechanisms Pertaining to Migrant Workers: The Case of Ethiopian Migrant Workers to Saudi Arabia
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-04) Zemene, Yonas; Kassa, Getahun
This case study aimed at examining the Ethiopian human rights protection systems pertaining to migrant workers to Saudi Arabia at the three phases of the migratory stages: before departure, at Saudi Arabia and during repatriation. For such ends, the study utilized qualitative research design. Both secondary and primary sources of data were employed in conducting this study. The primary data were gathered using in-depth interviews with concerned government officials and experts, representatives of non-governmental organizations and Private Employment Agencies, Saudi Returnees and appropriate key informants. Accordingly, in total 31 individuals were interviewed in Addis Ababa. Two focus group discussions were also conducted with Saudi returnees. Overall, the finding of the study shows, that the Ethiopian government has some efforts in the regulation of labor migration to Saudi and establish legislative and institutional frameworks to that effect. It was, however, revealed that the legal and policy frame works were incomprehensive and insufficient. It was also found that the government preventive interventions were inadequate to avert practices and gaps that give rise to human rights violations and abuses at all stages of the migratory processes. The government protection efforts by providing support and reliefs to victims and averting the risks of secondary victimizations were insufficient. The government rehabilitation and reintegration initiatives remain in vain to bring practical solutions. The involvement of International and Local NGOs were minimal and lack of coordination with governmental organizations in the prevention and protection efforts.
Assessing Legal, Institutional and Practical Challenges of the Oromia Regional State Development, Displaced Community Affair Agency: A Case Study
(AAU, 2020) Bitima, Jifara; Abdo, Muradu (PhD)
The purpose of this study is to assess legal, intuitional and practical challenges of Oromia Regional State Development Displaced Community Affair Agency (the Agency) with selected high magnitude of development displaced communities Agency Brach office (Central and Eastern).The methodology employed in the research was qualitative deploying purposive sampling method based on 55 participants drawn from government agency officials, experts, households members, academicians and politicians. The major data collecting techniques were interview, focus group discussion, observation and informal discussions. The data obtained from the participant was transcribed and analyzed thematically. The finding indicates that the Agency does not possess real power on resettlement, rehabilitation and assistance of development induced displaced persons (DIDP). The power given to the Agency is just a coordinating role whereas real powers on these matters reside in the other agencies. Besides, the institutional structure of the Agency is not well organized. It has only five branch offices. Compared with the nature and scale of the problems of DIDP the Agency lacks accessibility, is weak in human resource and suffers from shortage of finance and logistic. Given the fact that in the Region development is continuing to displace people with its attendant loss of farmland, houses and social ties, the DIDP need formalized and institutionalized assistance from government and non-governmental organization. The newly expropriation and resettlement law is not yet accompanied by directives; on the ground, people displaced due to development projects are not getting substitute nor being properly relocated or being beneficiaries of rehabilitative schemes. Therefore, in order to solve these problems the government should restructure the Agency and mandate it to work on resettlement and livelihood reconstruction backed by strong legal and institutional frameworks
Assessing the Effectives of Ethiopia Policy University Curriculum Design and Delivery in Light of Human Rights Education Methodology
(AAU, 2023-06-07) Niguse Gerie; Elshaday Kifle (PhD)
The main purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of EPU curriculum design and delivery of human rights course in light of HRE methodology. To achieve this objective, the researcher used qualitative research design. In this study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Interview, focus group discussions and document analysis were used as viable instrument for data collection. The data was collected from 5 EPU instructors, and from 19 AAPC employees who were EPU students, who have deep and relevant information about the problem under study. The data gathered were analyzed by following narration of interviews as well as focus group discussion in line with the themes raised in the research questions. The study found that though human rights education is offered as a course in EPU, yet, fundamental human rights issues were not well addressed. The result of the study also portrayed that learning objectives were not compatible with human rights education methodology that is the content of the course focused on cognitive domain rather than affective and psycho motor domains. Moreover; the EPU curriculum was not effective in terms of changing the attitudes and behavior of police. Therefore, it may be concluded that causing the police to failure to respect human rights. Hence, it was recommended that the university better to revise the modules and syllabus that makes sure learning objectives well addressed the practical skills and attitudes in addition to knowledge. It may also be required to provide and follow up the execution mechanisms for tracking behavioral change of police as part of human rights education assessment.
Assessment of Child Labour and its Impact on the Right to Primary Education: The Case of Bahir Dar Town, Gishabay and Hidar 11 Kebeles
(Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Alewond, Abebe; Kostrc, Ermiyas (PhD)
Child labour has been one of vibrant and pervasive social problem of Ethiopia. On the other hand, little research has been conducted on it to scrutinize the nature, magnitude, and its impact on primary education. Hence, the study examined the interplay between child labour and the attainment of primwy edl/cationior children whose age are between the age group of 6 to 14 in Bahir Dare town, Gishabay and Hidar II kebeles. To undelpin the concepts oi child labour, the researcher undertaken the four theories of child labollr: labour market perspective, human capital perspective, social responsibility perspective and child centered perspective. The researcher employed qualitative research method In-depth interview, key informants interview, FDGs and observation were utilized to collect the necessary data. The finding of the research indicates that child labollrers are not well aware of about their human (child rights) rights. The results of the study reveal that despite children deserves a special protection jor their vulnerability; they are engaging in labour works and compelled to withdraw Fom school. This greatly alJixts their right to education. When children invested II/ore times on works, they have not get enough time to go school,Jor doing homework, an assignment, study, and rest. Therefore, investing more hours on work is potentially reducing the educational achievement of working children. Child labour has also significant impacts on the health condition, physical, mental, psychological development self-esteem and self-confidence of a child. Poverty, peer pressure, lack of attitudinal change to consider child labour as other crimes; ignorallce of social responsibility, and lack ofconcem to see children as alice own child accounts the major factors jor the prevalence of child labour in the studying areas.
Assessment of Socio-economic Rights Protection of Conflict-induced Internally Displaced and Resettled Persons in Sululta Town of Oromia Region
(AAU, 2020-06) Negussie, Genene; Tizazu, Belay (PhD)
This study aims at assessing the situation of socio-economic rights protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to conflict from Somali regional state in 2017 and resettled in Sululta Town of Oromia region in the context of the principles and provisions specified in national and international provisions such as Ethiopian constitution, Disaster Risk Management (DRM) policy of 2013 and Durable Solution Initiatives of 2019, and that of AU Convention on Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Peoples (IDPs). The study employed descriptive survey research design and primary data were collected through informant interview, observation and document reviews. The findings of the study show that there is a limitation of government response in providing adequate standard of living, including at a minimum access to adequate food, water, better housing, health care and basic education, and access to employment and livelihoods. Furthermore, none of IDPs recover their personal property left behind or destroyed at their place of origin due to displacement; the limitation of national policy on the protection of the rights of IDPs are major findings of the study. The findings of the study suggests national policy framework formulation towards protection of IDPs during displacement and after relocation, provide them lasting solution by ensuring adequate living conditions for IDPs, finding a mechanism through which the IDPs recover their own property and documentations left behind or destroyed as a result of displacement or providing a compensation for it, providing a legal remedy for the crimes committed against IDPs, building a favorable environment on the way in which the IDPs and host communities live together are all obligations that expected from the government. Ethiopia also has to sign international instruments such as Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement(GPID) and has to build strong institutional mechanisms and this impose the Ethiopian government to concern and give attention to IDPs displaced due to conflict and other reasons. Accordingly, fulfilling of the above recommendations by the government can succeed the protection of rights of IDPs relocated in Sululta town.
Assessment of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission Vis-a-Vis the Paris Principle of Autonomy from Government: The Law and the Practice
(AAU, 2020-05) Tadesse Abebe, Bedilu; Assefa, Mesenbet (PhD)
This study seeks to critically assess the practice of EHRC vis-à-vis the Paris Principle of Autonomy from Government. It examines the law and the practice so as to identify and highlight the major challenges faced by EHRC in establishing and maintaining autonomy/independence. Document analysis was the main research tool utilized to garner data from secondary sources. This method was supplemented with in-depth interviews to collect primary data on the practice. Also, the researcher drew on his first-hand, extensive experience of the practice. Independence in the NHRI context is a multifaceted concept embracing legal and operational autonomy, financial autonomy, independence concerning appointment and dismissal procedures, independence through pluralism and composition, and independence with regard to privileges and immunities. The study found that, despite its relatively broad mandate and efforts to achieve its objective, EHRC faced numerous challenges of independence. A few of the key findings are: the EHRC Establishment Proclamation No. 210/2000 has some substantive deficiencies, as its provisions pertaining to the different layers of independence are inexplicit; the criteria for appointments and dismissals laid down in the Establishment Proclamation are inadequate; the practice showed some deviation from the law; the Establishment Proclamation could not insulate the appointment process against political interference and manipulation which remains a menace to EHRC’s independence from the Government who used to impose political appointees; and political links seemed to be an unspoken prerequisite for appointment as leaders of EHRC. Without adequate autonomy, a NHRI is at the mercy of the Government. It is thus recommended that EHRC must carve out an independent place for itself in promoting and protecting human rights nationally. Particularly, it is proposed that EHRC in cooperation with the HPR must expedite the ongoing process for the revision of the Establishment Proclamation so that it will be provided with adequate resources to discharge its responsibilities effectively, independently and in full compliance with the Paris Principles. At the same time, the Government must be committed to radically reforming EHRC. A responsive Government in the positive sense is pivotal to the effectiveness of a NHRI. Unless the institution is entirely independent, it is nothing more than an arm of the Government.
Assessment of The Integration of Human Rights Education in Early Childhood Teachers Training: The Case of Kotebe Metropolitan University
(AAU, 2018-09) Tesfaye, Selamawit
This research assesses the integration of human rights education with a focus on child rights into preschools teacher’s training in Kotebe Metropolitan University.. The research aims to identify the gaps in the functioning of human rights education in the above mentioned University. The study adopted qualitative design and a case study research methodology. Data were collected from multiple sources that include seven teacher educators and teacher trainees, five participants in the Addis Ababa Bureau of Education and one FGD group of trainees. In-depth interview, FGD and observation as well as document analysis were used to carry this research. The research analysis is based on three aspects of human rights education: education about human rights, education through human rights and education for human rights. The findings of this research revealed that human rights education that is based on child rights was integrated in the curriculum of the teaching University. The different courses for the trainees that have been relayed about child rights are play, nutrition, early childhood development and life skill. But the two aspects of human rights education which are education through and for human rights are not integrated in the teaching and learning processes. The pedagogies that the school used in practice do not go along with human rights framework. There is nothing that is done on building the attitude of the trainees and other stakeholders in accordance with child rights for the trainees from the department of preschool. The practice in the kindergartens also revealed that children’s rights are still violated specially in the disciplinary measures that the teachers use. The results of the study in the Bureau of Education revealed that the Bureau does not have enough monitoring system to the violations that occur in schools and mainly concerned with the fulfilment of the infrastructure of the kindergartens to be child friendly. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to Kotebe Metropolitan University and Addis Ababa Bureau of Education.
Assessment of the Regulatory Effects of the AFCFTA Protocol on Trade in Services for Ethiopia; The Case of Telecommunication Sector
(A.A.U, 2020-05) Redae, Nigussie; Belete, Martha (Assistant Professor)
Assessment of the Role of CSOs on Hman Rights Education in Ethiopian Justice System
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-01) Berhane, Dawit
Civil Society Organizations as a mediator of change and link the gap between state and society through informing, providing training and educating societies about values, principles and international instruments of human rights play a pivotal role to realize practicality of respect of human freedom and dignity in everyday life of every one anywhere in the world. Human Rights to be a reality in every organ of the society and individuals’ everyday life, people should be aware of the idea. Human Rights Education aims to construct a universal human rights culture which should encompass strengthening respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms, promoting full development of the human personality and fundamental value of human dignity, promoting understanding, tolerance, gender equality and friendship amongst all nations, indigenous and racial, national, ethnic, religious and linguistic groups, enabling all persons to increasingly participate effectively in society, promoting all dimensions of human rights including social and economic rights alongside civil and political rights, furthering the agenda of activities by the United Nations in its Action Plan for the Decade for Human Rights Education. To create an enabling environment for CSOs engaged in Human Rights Education in Ethiopian Justice System, the government should continue to take initiative regarding on opening its door to discuss with foreign donors, CSOs and major stake holders to look in to laws, regulations and directives and revise its policies to create strong and vibrant CSOs, collaborating with these actors to ensure human rights respecting institution in the Ethiopian justice sectors
An Assessment of Workers' Rights in Three Floriculture Industries around Debre Ziet: With Particular Reference to Employment Security and Occupational Safety and Health
(Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Degefa, Workineh; Redae, Mehari (PhD)
Floriculture industry is one of the newly emerging industries of Ethiopia. Since its beginning in the early 1980s, it has created much needed employment opportunities for a large section of the population and helping the country to generate foreign exchange. Understanding its capacity to generate employment and fore ign exchange, the goverrul1ent is also encouraging investors to invest in the sector. This paper was intended to assess the conditions of employment security and occupational safety and health of floriculture workers working on the flower farms based on a case study of three flower farms namely: Ever Green Farm, Minaye Flowers and Dugda Flora around Debre Zeit. This study used both qualitative (e.g. interviews and case studies) and quantitati ve (e.g. questionnaire method) data gathering instruments in the collection of data. Looking at the conditions of employment security and occupational safety and health of workers, results of both qualitative and quantitative data indicate that the workers in the three flower farms studied are working in poor working conditions. Workers are working in insecure working conditions and many workers are employed on temporary basis and have not signed contracts with their respective employers. Many workers lack employment security as they are vulnerable to arbitrary dismi ssal from their work. Yet, employers reject the existence of violations of employment security ri ghts of workers and claim that the national labour proclamation allows seasonal work and they said flower production is by nature seasonal. Another serious issue in the flower farms surveyed is the condition of workers health. The exposure to harmful pesticides and deficiency of the necessary work faci lities make workers' working conditions harsher in the surveyed farms. In general, while the health conditions of workers are becoming desperate, prevention interventions are by and large neglected. Therefore, as a whol e, it is concluded that the conditions of employment security and occupational safety and health of workers of the sampled of floriculture is poor. Considerable suggestion and recommendation was given to improve these conditions.

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