Human Right
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item The Right to Access Health Care by Detained Persons during COVID-19: A Case study of Selected Police Detention Centers in Addis Ababa.(Addis Ababa University, 2022-12-21) Wubshet Tilahun; Wondemagegn Tadesse (PhD)The global outbreak of COVID-19 makes detained people and convicts living in enclosed environments at higher risk of vulnerability, mainly their health rights are being highly impacted. The study examines the actual implementation of detained person’s access to healthcare rights during COVID-19 in selected police detention centers in Addis Ababa. The objectives of this study are: to assess the adequacy of healthcare infrastructure compliance with the international minimum requirements on detained persons right to healthcare during the pandemic, to assess the level of hygiene and sanitation in detentions, and to examine the implementation of COVID-19 precautionary measures. To address the objectives, the study utilizes qualitative data collected from primary and secondary sources using interviews and personal observation. Interviews were conducted with various respondents including detained persons, police detention clinics health personnel, and detention staff. The study found a combination of infrastructural deficits; clinical staff, medical provisions, poor conditions of detention; congestion, hygiene, and sanitation. Particularly, the precautionary measures for COVID-19 were not in place, and conducive to the spread of communicable diseases, which is likely to deny detainees full enjoyment of their right to health. The study concludes that the current healthcare infrastructure/ service to detained persons during COVID-19 at selected police detention centers in Addis Ababa is below to the international principles and minimum standards, and had compromised the protection and promotion of detained persons access to healthcare rightsItem Durable Solutions to internally Displaced Persons in Ethiopia: An Assessment of the Legal, Policy and Institutional Framework(AAU, 2023-07) Kidist Melku; Mizanie Abate (PhD)Internally displaced persons are forced to live in a dire situation while being disproportionately vulnerable to variety of risks and human rights violations due to their displacement. They are no longer having specific assistance and protection needs that are linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination resulting from their displacement if and only if the implementation of durable solutions is achieved. This study was aimed to assess the adequacy of Ethiopian legal, policy and institutional frameworks to find and implement durable solutions for IDPs. The study also examines the steps taken by the government so far to implement durable solutions for IDPs. In doing so, the mixed methodology of both doctrinal and empirical legal research has been employed. The study’s key finding is that, the failure of Ethiopia to domesticate the Kampala Convention, the absence of specific national policy on durable solutions as well as institution responsible to find and implement durable solutions are impediments for the achievement of durable solutions for IDPs in Ethiopia. There has to be a comprehensive strategy on durable solution that aims at achieving durable solutions for IDPs through an integrated approach of ending the causes of the displacement, considering those factors affecting the return, resettlement and local integration of IDPs as well as assuring that the needs and vulnerabilities specific to IDPs no longer exist. Specific national institution designated for the task of finding and implementing durable solutions for IDPs is also necessary.Item The Rights of Children in Conflict With the Law in the Child Justice System: Examining the Due Process Rights and Dispositions in Ethiopia(AAU, 2023-07) Belayneh Berhanu; Christophe Van der Beken(Assosate Profeser)The general aim of this research was to examine the due process rights and dispositions in the Ethiopian child justice system in light of the accepted standards. It employed a doctrinal and qualitative research approach. The primary data were collected through interview, observation and analysis of court files. The due process rights of CICWL in Ethiopia are contained in only ten Articles of a Code that existed for more than 50 years. As a result of its old age, the Code does not include contemporary rights of CICWL such as diversion and the right to participate in the proceeding with the requirements to effectively exercise it like the mandatory presence of parents (when appropriate), support by social workers and child-friendly court settings. The Code recognizes few rights and leaves some other rights unaddressed. Further, it does not have a provision that links the adult procedures to the child justice procedures. The constitutional principle of equality would warrant equal application of other due process rights recognized for adults to children. This research however argues that this approach is not effective in protecting the due process rights of CICWL. Some provisions of the Code are discriminatory when compared to adult counterparts. This is the case for arrest and the right to counsel. The majority of the rights duly recognized in the Code are known for their violation rather than their respect in the actual practice of the Ethiopian child justice system. Deprivation of liberty of a child is a measure of last resort in the child justice system. The Ethiopian child justice system does not restate this principle. It incorporates admission to a curative institution, supervised education, reprimand, school or home arrest, admission to a corrective institution as measures of first resort. Restorative justice measures and community service orders are not recognized while a fine is a penalty of last resort which is regrettable. The Ethiopian child justice system does not comply with the rule that „deprivation of liberty shall be a measure of last resort‟ for the reason of admission to corrective detention and home arrest. Further, home arrest applies for crimes of small gravity including petty offenses. Another cardinal principle in the child justice system is that deprivation of liberty shall be for the shortest period. This principle is not explicitly provided in the Ethiopian child justice system. As a result, the system is not immune from violating the principle both in normative terms and in actual practice. Violation of this principle is clearer in practice. For instance, although the maximum duration of corrective detention is five years, some courts sentenced children to terms exceeding this term. This research also found disproportionate terms of home or school arrest. Imprisonment is a penalty of last resort in the Ethiopian child justice system. In practice, this principle is not known by judges and some of them sentenced children who came in conflict with the law for the first time to prison. The maximum duration of imprisonment is ten years which can be considered as „shortest‟ provided that courts use proportionate conversion of the actual penalty determined to the duration stated under Article 168 (2) of the Criminal Code. In practice, however, this research found cases where children are sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 20 years and ten years without first determining the actual penalty. A further effort to comply with this principle is the recognition of conditional release. Regrettably, however, the same threshold of served sentence (two-thirds) is required as in adult cases. Children aged over 15 years are subject to ordinary penalties except for death penalty and life imprisonment without parole. However, courts are empowered to mitigate the ordinary penalty. Further, measures and penalties applicable to the first group may be imposed on them. These discretions are not effectively utilized in practice. Different challenges and gaps from within and outside the system contributed to the current status of enforcement of the due process rights and application of the dispositions. The child justice system is not given attention by the government including the child justice actors, law schools teaching and curricula, academia and NGOs. From the government side, this is reflected in the absence of an all-encompassing child/justice rights statute; the absence of sufficient specialized institutions and personnel; the failure to maintain long-existing institution (CBCC); little to no work done by the relevant government offices; insufficient budget allocated; insufficient training given to actors; and absence of data and research. The little place that child justice occupies in law schools curricula, teaching and exam, and academic writings results in a lack of knowledge among child justice actors which eventually affects the administration of the system. Further, there are administrative arrangements like fixed days of hearing, reliance on medical examination as a means of proof of age, the low status of birth certification, and shifting child justice judges that have repercussions on the right not to be detained pending trial and the right to speedy trial. Hence, this research recommends that all these stakeholders must give sufficient attention to child justice in Ethiopia and that administrative challenges be rectified for the realization of due process rights and proper application of the dispositions. More specifically, there should be a separate child rights/justice statute that incorporates the guiding principles and a wide variety of dispositions with precise grounds of application. Sufficient specialized institutions and personnel like child justice benches, police units, probation offices and rehabilitation centers must be established. Hence, sufficient budget must be allocated for the justice sector in general and the child justice system in particular.Item Online Sexual Harassment against Women in Ethiopia: Legal and Practical Challenges(2023-04) Mahlet Gebreyesus; Elshaday Kifle(PhD)The internet has provided many benefits to the world. Women are one part of the society who have benefited immensely from it. They, however, have also becomevictims to the dark side of the internet. Thistechnological advancement has enabled violence against women to take up yet another form, one of which is online sexual harassment. Online sexual harassment is hardly a new phenomenon. It is in fact a mimic of the gender based violence already happening in the society which stands in the way of citizens from enjoying their lives and work free of violence. Due to the vast expansion in the ICT sector, the commission of cyber-crimes in Ethiopia including online sexual harassment is on the rise. Ethiopian women are enduring the multifaceted effect of the crime in their social and economic aspects of their lives not to mention the effect it has on their psychological and physical wellbeing. Thus, this research sets out to investigate the effects of online sexual harassment on survivors as well as the legal frameworks available for survivors to get a legal redress. To do so, a qualitative research method is employed where primary data is gathered using in-depth interview and key informant interviews while analyzing the computer crime proclamation. Moreover, the research is supported by relevant secondary sources from different books, articles, journals and internet websites. Ethiopia has adopted different policies and laws as well as put in place different institutional mechanism to fight against cyber-crimes including online sexual harassment. The most relevant instrument in this regard is the computer crime proclamation. Online sexual harassment is incorporated in the proclamation among other cybercrimes. The proclamation also designates law enforcement organs for the investigation and prosecution of online sexual harassment. However, the study found that the technicality of the proclamation as well as the vague, broad and general drafting of the provision dealing with online sexual harassment creates a gap in the actual implementation of the law. Moreover, the study revealed that human and institutional capacity of the law enforcement organs are not up to par with the level of sophistication the investigation of online sexual harassment requires.Item Assessing the Effectives of Ethiopia Policy University Curriculum Design and Delivery in Light of Human Rights Education Methodology(AAU, 2023-06-07) Niguse Gerie; Elshaday Kifle (PhD)The main purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of EPU curriculum design and delivery of human rights course in light of HRE methodology. To achieve this objective, the researcher used qualitative research design. In this study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Interview, focus group discussions and document analysis were used as viable instrument for data collection. The data was collected from 5 EPU instructors, and from 19 AAPC employees who were EPU students, who have deep and relevant information about the problem under study. The data gathered were analyzed by following narration of interviews as well as focus group discussion in line with the themes raised in the research questions. The study found that though human rights education is offered as a course in EPU, yet, fundamental human rights issues were not well addressed. The result of the study also portrayed that learning objectives were not compatible with human rights education methodology that is the content of the course focused on cognitive domain rather than affective and psycho motor domains. Moreover; the EPU curriculum was not effective in terms of changing the attitudes and behavior of police. Therefore, it may be concluded that causing the police to failure to respect human rights. Hence, it was recommended that the university better to revise the modules and syllabus that makes sure learning objectives well addressed the practical skills and attitudes in addition to knowledge. It may also be required to provide and follow up the execution mechanisms for tracking behavioral change of police as part of human rights education assessment.Item Occupational Safety and Health and Benefit of Employment Injury of Workers in Batu Area Floriculture Industries(Addis Ababa, 2015-10) Beo, EshetuEven Though the emergence of floriculture industry is a recent Phenomenon its has brought many blessing to Ethiopia it is a Source of Eexport camings it is a means of employement for many, espesialy for Women; it is a cause for the expantion of infrastructure and other advantageItem An Assessment to the Protection of Refugee Children From Child Neglect- Abuse and Exploitations in Ethiopia: The Case of Kebribeyah Refugee Camp(Addis Ababa,University, 2013-10) Alebachew, CalebItem Analysis of Human Rights Impacts of Development Induced Displacement: The Case of Finchaa Amerti Nashedam(Addis Ababa University, 2015-10) Kitila, Debela; Birmeta, Birmeta (PhD Candidate)This paper investigated the legal and practical protection of development induced displaced victims' rights in case of mega projects. For this purpose, secondary sources such as relevant legal literatures, books, laws, articles and journals were analyzed while interviews and field observations were the primary sources employed. Each year, millions of people around the globe are forcibly relocated and resettled away from their homes, lands and livelihoods in order to make way for large-scale development projects such as dams. This forced relocation is known as Development Induced Displacement. The thesis offers an overview of the human rights violations that have been taking place in Ethiopia as a result of the implementation of mega development projects by focusing on FAN project in Horro Guduru Wollega. This research examines the legal projection of the right not to be displaced and the impact of dispiacement on human rights specifically on the right to life, food, hOUSing, adequate standard of living, the right to participation and right to development. The research revealed that although FDRE Constitution and other legislations guaranteed the right not to be displaced in arbitrary manner, the laws and practice are inconsistent with the standards et forth by international human rights instruments. In addition to this, the thesis analyzes the shortcomings a/Ethiopian laws, and how the FAN has induced impoverishment and violated human rights. To protect human rights of DID the research recommends the government to amend or repeal the laws inconsistent with human rights and to adopt laws which further protect human rights in progressive way. The'study urges policy makers and concerned authority to envisage competing human rights using legality, legitimate aim and proportionality tests, to follow human rights based-approaches, to conduct human rights impact assessment before, during and after evictions, to rehabIlitate the livelihood of evictees. Finally, the thesis recommends that Ethiopia should implement and adopt a legal framework to address issues of victim of development-induced displacement and provide project affected people with legally enforceable rights regarding resettlement and rehabilitation.Item the Need to Revise Sub National Constitutions of Ethiopia: the Case of Amhara National Regional State(Addis Ababa,University, 2020-06) Mulu, Shegaw; Mengistie, Sisay (PhD)The very purpose of this study is to explore the need to revise sub-national constitutions of Ethiopia in general and ANRS constitution in particular. The study basically assesses and analyzes the need to revise ANRS Constitution and identify the possible measures that have to be taken. The study mainly applies qualitative research method aiming to investigate important attitudes and experiences of informants. In doing so both primary and secondary data have employed as a process in order to get valuable analysis and finding.Primary sources are respondents who were participated during drafting and ratification of constitutions and other intervieweesas well as relevant state laws including the regional state revised constitution. Whereas Secondary sources are books, articles, journals, reports, published & unpublished documents and the like.The study mainly investigated the regional state legala administrative systeme with regard to constitutional revision and related activitiestoidentify the following major findings. In the making processes of ANRSC there was no public participation and consensus creation among different interest groups and politicians. There was no a formal and institutional awareness creation during designation and practicing of ANRS Constitution. The provisions of ANRSC are not part and parcel of the responsible curriculums. Lawyers and researchers were not active participant in developing and practicing the Constitution of ANRS. The people of Amhara didn‟t perceive as that the Constitution of Amhara is not their own rather it is a party document. Finally, the people of ANRS have a great demand for the total/complete revision of FDRE Constitution since it did not address the fundamental interest of them. Moreover, the peoples of Amhara region demand to revise the regional state constitution to make it complete and legitimate.Although the regional state council established the Council of Constitutional Inquiry, it is not active enough to develop and review the Constitution of the region.Item Prima Facie Recognition of Refugees Status in Ethiopia: Implications on Protected Rights and the Appraisal of the History, Legal Basis and Experience of Eritrean Refugees(Addis Ababa University, 2021-12) Kassu, Sentayehu; Kassa, Tadesse (PhD)Ethiopia’s refugee proclamation No. 1110/2019 provides that ARRA may recognize group of asylum seekers as refugees. Currently, asylum seekers arriving from Sudan, South Sudan, Somali and Yemen are recognized through prima facie approach in Ethiopia. Eritrean asylum seekers are among these refugees recognized in prima facie basis since 2000. However, in 2020, Ethiopia decided to change its policy on the prima facie recognition of Eritrean asylum seekers and six months after this decision, again practically pended any kind of status determination of Eritrean asylum seekers. There is an argument that this is not in line with international standards and UNHCR guidelines on prima facie recognition of refugees because there is no change of circumstances to end prima facie recognition of Eritrean asylum seekers; Ethiopia cannot pend status determination of refugees which is a violation of rights to seek asylum enshrined in international human rights instruments particularly the 1951 refugee convention. This study normatively discussed and empirically investigated the nature, legal status and protection implications of this decision and practice; it finds out key challenges and gaps in the general application of prima facie recognition of refugees in Ethiopia. It also forwarded solutions and recommendations for protection of refugees during prima facie recognition of refugees in Ethiopia.Item Menstrual Health Management in Ethiopia: A Human Rights Perspective(Addis Ababa,University, 2021-09) G/hiwot, Lidet; Alemahu, SisayWomen, due to a simple biological fact, face multiple diverse barriers attributable to poor menstrual health management (MHM). Poor MHM consists of several elements such as the inability to access basic information, facilities and products necessary to manage menstruation properly, with dignity and safety. The fact that women cannot access the necessary facilities and products essential to manage their menstruation entails a serious problem impeding them from enjoying their legally recognized rights. In Ethiopia, the impact of menstrual hygiene, which is critical for women, has not received nearly enough attention. Menstrual needs of women are not prioritized as a key national concern and its association with the context of human rights is not well-addressed in Ethiopian law. The state has not fully met its obligation to take the necessary legislative and other necessary measures. Therefore, this study aims to examine MHM within the context of human rights in Ethiopia. Being supported by comparative experiences of Kenya and Scotland that have thrived with better practice on MHM, this paper argues for the need to recognize menstruation as a pure physiobiological process and calls upon the state to fulfill its obligations relating to MHM.Item Protection of Refugee Children’s Rights in Ethiopia: Appraisal of Legal Frameworks and Application of the Right to Documentation(Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022-01-30) Sisay, Sara; Kassa, Tadesse(PhD)Access to documentation is one of the most basic human rights which allow someone to hold other rights under the law. It also plays a great role in realizing the several rights of the child. Accordingly, implementation of documentation starts from enacting the law and establishing institutions that deal with the task of providing identity, entitlements as well as civil documentation. Ethiopia, being a party to different international and regional human rights and specific refugee conventions, must develop an effective system of access to documentation of refugee children to realize the right of the child. Consequently, Ethiopia has amended laws on registration of vital events to include foreign nationals including refugees, and also amended the refugee proclamation. Based on this, the research assessed the implementation of protection of refugee children’s rights in Ethiopia focusing on an appraisal of legal frameworks and application of the right to documentation and its implication for the realization of the right of the refugee child. The research found that access to documentation law is not effectively implemented and much has yet to be done to realize the right of refugee children. Low level of awareness about the existing law, lack of coordination among organs responsible for implementation, gaps and shortcomings of the law, and budget constraints hampered effective implementation of access to documentation of refugee children in Ethiopia; this has had huge negative impacts on the realization of their human right today and also in the future.Item The Right of the Child to Food: The Case of Seqota Woreda(Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021-06) Mamo, Markos; Tadesse, Wondmagegn(PhD)Ethiopia is prone to recurrent drought and famine. Food insecurity and poverty are also intertwined with the country. The right to food is protected under international and regional human right instruments that are ratified by Ethiopia. However, the right to food is not clearly recognized in the FDRE constitution as fundamental right of the people rather as state policy and objectives. There are also no subordinate proclamations or regulations that protect the right to food in Ethiopia. In Seqota Woreda, due to reasons such as lack of enough food production and lack of nutrition knowledge children are susceptible to both food and nutrition insecurity. The government has taken measures to realize adequate food of a child however the problem is still not resolved. This paper therefore examines the status of the right to food of a child in Seqota Woreda. It mainly assesses the practical impediments to realize the right to food, the measures taken by the government, and possible solutions that helps to ensure the right to adequate food of a child in Seqota Woreda.Item Relevance and Challenges of the Human Rights Based Approach to Maternal Health in Ethiopia.(Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011) Mekonnen, Dunia; Mengesha, Emezat (PhD)Item The Legality of the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) (Drones) for Military Purpose: The Ethiopian Perspective(Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017-04) Eshete, Yeshewas; Kadam, Umesh N.(PhD)The Legality of the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (Drone); The Ethiopian perspective is a study that assess the legal framework governing the use of Drones by state actors like the Ethiopian government. This is so and remains significant because on one hand, the current state of affairs affirms that countries are increasingly importing Drone technology or at best producing it locally to modernize their respective military powers which in effect is having its own implications on their commitment towards the use force. On the other hand, the actual deployment of Drones particularly under the context of the fight against terrorism raises other questions of adherence to well established rules and principles of armed conflicts. These questions are not comprehensively addressed because the majority of scholars and experts are divided based on the different approaches regarding the applicability of the existing legal regimes of Jus ad Bellum and Jus en Belo. However, this study follows the complimentarity approach not only to disseminate the approach but also to be as comprehensive as possible in making the assessment and more importantly it is to establish that it is the right to life which is a none-derogable right that would be violated if the use of Drones is found to be unregulated or illegal. Finally, because states do not only differ in their technological advancement and level of development but also in their sphere of international influence it is also to make recommendations appropriate to the practice in Drone use starting from states like the United States of America and then appropriate also with the stature of states like the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.Item Human Rights Due Diligence and Foreign Direct Investmentin Ethiopia: The Case of Labour Rights in Textile and Garmentsector At Bole Lemi Industrial Park(Addis Ababa,University, 2016-05) Yebeka, Mahlet; Birmeta ., YonasFDI is one of the main engines for economic development of a country. The possible developmental benefits out of FDI includes employment creation, the development of human capital, the implementation of internationally acceptable codes of employment practice, improving the access of the host economy to world markets. The sum of these in effect results in boosting the economy of capital receiving state. Through by way of such investments many international trade companies do their business all over the world including our country. At first look, investment activities present opportunities for business and profit, but do not immediately bring to mind having positive human rights impacts. In some circumstances, Foreign Direct Investments does not always bring positive impacts with regards to human rights. These cases are very evident when it comes to developing countries to which our country is a great example. Where, as a result, undesirable consequences are being followed such as forced eviction of indigenous peoples, unfair labour practices including forced child labour, discrimination against certain types of individuals, failing to provide safe and healthy working conditions, repressing trade unions, discouraging the right to bargain collectively and environmental pollution. This in turn will have contribution to the failure of social and economic development of a society. This takes us to case of business and human rights. This issue became permanently implanted on the global policy agenda in the 1990s, reflecting the dramatic worldwide expansion of the private sector at the time, coupled with a corresponding rise in transnational economic activity. These developments heightened social awareness of businesses’ impact on human rights and also attracted the attention of the United Nations which has resulted in the endorsement of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in the year 2011 following its Protect, Respect and Remedy Frame work. Such international standards advocates for the conduct of adequate Human Rights Due Diligence by business enterprises in a way clearly stating that business corporates also do have a responsibility to respect human rights. Ethiopia is one of the fast growing countries. Foreign direct investment plays a vital role in the country’s economic development through creating wealth and job opportunity. Through this way foreign investment by transnational corporations many investors are running their business in many industrial parks. Labour rights treatment in industrial parks are known to be not sound enough to be respected.Item Access to Health Care Services for Persons with Physical and Sensory Disabilities in Ethiopia: The Case of Addis Ababa’s Yeka Sub-City(AAU, 2021-08) Woreta, Tsega; Vander, ChristopheAddis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, the seat of the AU and a variety of regional and international organizations is a city where persons with disabilities continue to face everyday challenges especially lack of access to primary health care services. This thesis intends to scrutinize the issue of accessibility right to health care services in Ethiopia with a special reference to Addis Ababa’s Yeka Sub-City. Yeka sub-city has been chosenas a research area purposively considering the landscape, data availability and its being forestry and mountainous with long outer boundary line with rural woredas all of which are not suitable for PWDs. Compared to other Sub-Cities,Yeka Sub-City consists of low status residents who are not able to help persons with disabilities to access required services.PWDs, health professionals and some persons in the society have been selected applying purposive sampling to give the required data and information. PWDs consist of physical, visual, hearing and speech impairments. Health professionals consist of doctors, health officers, nurses and health assistants. Persons in the society include directors, officers and association leaders. A total of 60 participants of which, 34 male and 26 female has participated in the interviews and two focus group discussions. In the course of the research, international and regional human rights instruments, together with national legal frameworks, policies and strategies, which are relevant to the research issues as well as practical situations and implementations in health care centers have been observed and studied deeply. The research has also employed review of literatures, interview discussions, focus group discussionsand observations as data collection tools.In the research, it is realized and understood that the problem of accessibility to health care services to PWDs is more prevailing in Ethiopiadue to the negative impacts of barriers.Lack of monitoring mechanisms, ineffective enforcement mechanisms and failure to institutionalize disability issues aboutPWDs’ benefits and human rightscauses violations of their rights. The researcher analyzed the thesis using qualitative method and descriptive analysis and structured it organizing the required data and information.Additionally, the problem of accessibility to health care services for PWDs is attributed to the low level of information transmission in the community and lack of disaggregated legal frameworks, policies and strategies in accordance with each disability types. The health care service provision problem for PWDs is very high and complex in Addis Ababa and it is possible to imagine how it is even worse in rural areas of the country. Therefore, the country particularly the city administration, needs determined action to develop horizontal accessibility laws (laws which govern non-state or private actors on human rights), disaggregating disability types and develop convenient legal frameworks; design policies, strategies and guidelines; train and educate health professionals about human rights of PWDs, and create awareness integrating community based organizations. All these should be backed by adequate budget and effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to realize the access to health care services for persons with disabilities as perthe standards of international and regional human rights instruments, and national legal frameworks.Item Maternity Protection: A Study Conducted at Pittards PLC Addis Ababa Ethiopia(Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018-08) Efrem, Tizeta; Zeleke, Meron(PhD)Maternity protection is a human right given to working mothers. However, a significant number of mothers die from childbirth and their deaths could have been prevented by adequate social protection policies. The implementation of the maternity leave rights are also quite contentious across the globe and vary greatly. Ethiopia is among the developing countries and is struggling to attract foreign investment and change its sector from agriculture to industrial led development. In this process the country is building several industrial zones. Women are thus employed in numbers in this sector. Research in the past indicate that the protection of basic rights of workers are violated in private sectors. This research thus explores the gap in the protection of maternity leave rights of working women in the private manufacturing sector.Item The Protection of Ethnic Conflict-induced IDPs in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Guraferda Woreda in Bench- Maji Zone(Addis Ababa,University, 2017-04) Desalegn, Rabel; Abate, Mizanie (PhD)Apart from natural disasters Ethnic or Inter communal conflict, generalized violence and human rights violations have been identified as the major man-made causes of internal displacement in Ethiopia. Examining, on the basis of international standards, the adequacy of national laws, policies and strategies to properly respond to the plight of IDPs in general and ethnic conflictinduced IDPs in particular is the central subject of this study. To strength the facts a case study of Guraferda forced eviction and displacement is included. The justifications behind the forced evictions and the manner of displacement were assessed on the basis of international law. To this end both primary and secondary sources were employed. Semi-structured interview which detailed on legal standards was utilized to interview both government officials and some of the victims to get a significant primary data. Primarily thematic data analysis and in few occasions explanatory method was employed in data analysis. The study found out that the justifications for the forced evictions of the peasants from Guraferda woreda; holding land and building house without permit, committing deforestation and injuring the ecosystem are not in conformity with international law which specifically outlawed displacements that are not justified by the safety and wellbeing of the displaced or outweighing public interest. Even though the grounds alleged by the authorities could be said reasonable, the manner of the eviction significantly violated several human rights including the right to movement, the right to liberty, the right to life and physical integrity while at the same time it disregarded minimum due process guarantees such as voluntariness, prior information, and proper time to prepare themselves. IDPs in general and ethnic conflict-induced IDPs in particular are not protected in special law, policy, and strategy and or action plan in the country and the existing general policy and action plan do not accommodate the special needs of IDPs. Particularly ethnic conflict-induced IDPs, in addition to the lack of human rights respect and humanitarian assistance, have no guarantee for durable solutions as these sustainable solutions are at the discretionary palm of the concerned local or regional government.Item Assessment of The Integration of Human Rights Education in Early Childhood Teachers Training: The Case of Kotebe Metropolitan University(AAU, 2018-09) Tesfaye, SelamawitThis research assesses the integration of human rights education with a focus on child rights into preschools teacher’s training in Kotebe Metropolitan University.. The research aims to identify the gaps in the functioning of human rights education in the above mentioned University. The study adopted qualitative design and a case study research methodology. Data were collected from multiple sources that include seven teacher educators and teacher trainees, five participants in the Addis Ababa Bureau of Education and one FGD group of trainees. In-depth interview, FGD and observation as well as document analysis were used to carry this research. The research analysis is based on three aspects of human rights education: education about human rights, education through human rights and education for human rights. The findings of this research revealed that human rights education that is based on child rights was integrated in the curriculum of the teaching University. The different courses for the trainees that have been relayed about child rights are play, nutrition, early childhood development and life skill. But the two aspects of human rights education which are education through and for human rights are not integrated in the teaching and learning processes. The pedagogies that the school used in practice do not go along with human rights framework. There is nothing that is done on building the attitude of the trainees and other stakeholders in accordance with child rights for the trainees from the department of preschool. The practice in the kindergartens also revealed that children’s rights are still violated specially in the disciplinary measures that the teachers use. The results of the study in the Bureau of Education revealed that the Bureau does not have enough monitoring system to the violations that occur in schools and mainly concerned with the fulfilment of the infrastructure of the kindergartens to be child friendly. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to Kotebe Metropolitan University and Addis Ababa Bureau of Education.