School of Psychology

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    A Comprehensive Exploration of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services for Internally Displaced Persons in Debre Brhan Idps Camp
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Amen Begidu; Abera Tibebu (PhD)
    The multifaceted problems internally displaced persons face have for long been a topic of political, social and academic inters. The main objective of this study is a comprehensive exploration of mental health and psycho social support services for internally displaced persons in Debre Brhan IDPs camp. The research was done through the qualitative approach and 22 individuals participated in it. From 22 participants seven were a professionals who provided mental health and psycho social support services and 15 are from IDPs in the camp. This study used convenience sampling method to select participant. The data was analyzed using a thematic analysis method. Based on the finding the mental health and psycho-social support that is being provided in the Debre Brhan IDPs camp has challenges that need attention. Among these challenges, the imbalance between the number of professionals and displaced persons, security issues, lack of awareness, lack of integration of in-kind and psycho social support, lack of provision of facilities, absence of clear decision on the future status of IDPs, and challenges to update the expert are mentioned. Based on this this study recommends to create awareness about the service, to integrate the service with kind-support, and to update the professionals periodically through training. Keywords: challenges of IDPs, and mental health and psycho social support services,
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    Abortion Related Stress and Psychological Well-Being of Health Care Professionals In Ethiopia Partner Clinics, Addis Ababa.
    (AAU, 2021-09) Samuel, Melesse; Zewdie, Teka(Dr
    Abortion related services are highly stigmatized in Ethiopia. stigma, stress and psychological well-being for abortion providers are not much studied in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was intended to describe self-stigma, level of perceived stress and relation of stress and psychological well-being among health care professional who provided abortion service in DKT Ethiopia partner clinics in Addis Ababa. The method of the research design used in the study is descriptive study designs with a quantitative method of data analysis. Data were collected through self administered questionnaire survey. Frequency percentages were used to analyze the collected data. In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation and a chi-square test were used to analyze ordinal and categorical variables. Study data conducted with 102 professionals from DKT partner clinics in Addis Ababa. The result of the study revealed that sixty two percent of health care professionals are having self-stigma. Twenty three percent of study participants are having stressful life event and a majority of the study participants experienced a positive mental health. In addition, a significant correlation was found between self-stigma, stress and psychological wellbeing. Further, the study revealed that health care professionals who intention to leave the profession and professionals who doesn’t have intention have a statistically significant different on their perceived stress and psychological well-being. Conclusion: self-stigma, stress and poor psychological well-being are presented among health care professionals who provide abortion service in DKT Ethiopia partner clinics. In addition, it can be concluded that the perceived stress in this participant is associated with stigma, intention to leave the profession and psychological well-being
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    Academic Achievement of Bilinguals and Monolinguals in Sekota
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Moges, Belay; Andualem, Tamirie
    The major o~iective of the study was to compare the academic achievement of bilingual and monolingual groups. In the study many works have been collected regarding the effects of bilingualism on students ' academic achievement and cognitive development that had been taken place in western immigrant students. This sludy was held in Ethiopia in one ethnic group students of Agaws found in Sekota. Accordingly, samples of 58 bilinguals (41 female and 17 male) and 113 monolinguals (62 female and 51 male) were taken Fom lieutenant General Hailu Kebede junior elementary school that was selected purposejiilly. A screening test was administered for the inclusion of students in the biliilgual and monolingual groups. Altitudes of pupils and teachers were assessed using questionnaires. In addition, the language students ' use with either Fiends or families was assessed. The result obtained in this study is consistent with previous research works and bilinguals were found to be better than their monolingual counter parts afier a t-test comparison was made. The ANOVA result also r'!vealed that a bilingual group with high competency in the two languages scored significantly a higher mean as compared with the rest bilingual groups. J,;loreover, in the sample subjects bilinguals achieve better than monolingual groups on the dependent variable academic achievement. The allitude of students was found to be positive but teachers had a negative attitude towards Himlagna language used as medium of instruction. Depending on the result, responsible bodies should encourage Himtagna mother tongue children to follow education in their first language. In addition, attaining a second language without any cost ofthejirst language has higher significance for the students' cognitive and academic growth
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    Academic performance of Female students in Addis Ababa: The case of kirkos sub city primary schools
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014) Lulseged, Zebenay; Lemma, Girma (PhD)
    The primary purpose of this study was to assess the academic performance of female students at Kirkos Sub-city primary schools and investigate factors affecting academic achievement of female students. Besides it tried to examine the relationship of academic performance with the major three independent factors, such as, school environment (facilities, teacher competency, and principal leadership); socio-economic status of parents, parental education and sex related factors. For data gathering, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed. The techniques used were questionnaires, focus group discussions, and interviews. A pilot study was conducted to assess the clarity of the items, the reliability and the feasibility of the instrument by using 30 students from primary school, who were from similar standard. The questionnaire was administered for 160 grade eight students at Kirkos Sub-City. The qualitative instrument constituted of document analysis, student records, and interview. SPSS 20.0 and Statistical techniques such as Percentage, frequency, Spearman's rho and t-test analysis were used for data analysis. The core results were that female students’ academic performance particularly at primary level (first Cycle) was better than that of male students. On the other hand, the same students, i.e., male students’ academic performance particularly at the second Cycle was better than that of female students. The research has identified that factors, such as, school environment (facilities, teacher competency, and principal leadership); socio-economic status of parents, parental education and sex related factors affected the academic performance of female students. The problems female students encountered were school environment, gender related factors, parental education, and socio-economic factors. In conclusion, the majority of problems female students encounter and 9 those factors that affect female students’ academic performance are school based factors and home based factors. Based on the findings, recommendations were suggested. In this respect school administration is responsible to facilitate school environment and fulfill learning materials that impede female students from achieving better results. The school administration is also expected to encourage parental involvement and work diligently to increase parental interaction at school, attempt to provide legal protection for sexual harassment that prevails in schools, encourage providing progressive gender focused tutorial programmes,
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    Accident Related Psychological Problems of Children at Three Selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-07) Haile, Amanuel; Taddese, Sintayehu (PhD)
    The main objective of this study was to examine accident related psychological problems of children at three selected hospitals in Addis Ababa. The study also aimed at finding if there are age, sex and accident type differences in exposure to the ps ychological problems(Anxiety, Emotional Distress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Score}. Investigation of the p s y chological services in the three hospitals was also another objective. To meet these objectives, 100 victimed children, 100 ' parents of children participants and 20 health professionals were purposively selected and included in the sample. Three scales measuring the psychological problems (anxiety, emotional distress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms) and two stru ctured interviews were used as instruments. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to analyze the data obtained through the scales and interviews. Percentage results showed that 75% victimed children s howed clinically s ignificant level of anxiety while 98% had clinically significant level of emotional distress. Se vere . posttraumatic stress symptom was exhibited in 61 % of the cases. Results from the analysis of variance indicated that there were no statistically significant age, sex and accident type differences in experiencing anxiety, emotional distress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom levels. The main and interaction effects of the three way ANOVA also came up with statistically non significant results. Interview results with health professionals and parents of participants s howed the absence of counseling services In the three hospitals. Recommendations and implications of the study are indicated
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    Acculturation Experiences of Eritrean Immigrants Living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2021-08) Tenaw, Fasika; Dessie, Yekoyealem(Ph.D
    The main objective of this research was to assess the acculturation experiences of Eritrean immigrants who live in Addis Ababa. The researcher used convenience sampling method to select 139 respondents for the study. To answer the major research questions of the study, quantitative method was used. The questionnaire contained points about respondents’ demographic data, acculturation strategy scale, self-evaluated language proficiency scale, stress scale and coping scale. In order to analyze the quantitative data descriptive statistics, one sample t test, independent samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and partial correlation were used. The study showed that Eritrean immigrants in Addis Ababa frequently used separation acculturation strategies. In addition, the study revealed that majority of the participants have higher Amharic language ability, they are less vulnerable to acculturative stress, they have good immigration experience and they tend to use positive coping mechanisms to deal with their stress. Finally, it was recommended that establishing and strengthening Eritrean community that help immigrants meet and share their experiences would improve their acculturative experiences.
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    Acculturation Experiences of Eritrean Immigrants Living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2021-08) Tenaw, Fasika; Dessie, Yekoyealem(Ph.D
    The main objective of this research was to assess the acculturation experiences of Eritrean immigrants who live in Addis Ababa. The researcher used convenience sampling method to select 139 respondents for the study. To answer the major research questions of the study, quantitative method was used. The questionnaire contained points about respondents’ demographic data, acculturation strategy scale, self-evaluated language proficiency scale, stress scale and coping scale. In order to analyze the quantitative data descriptive statistics, one sample t test, independent samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and partial correlation were used. The study showed that Eritrean immigrants in Addis Ababa frequently used separation acculturation strategies. In addition, the study revealed that majority of the participants have higher Amharic language ability, they are less vulnerable to acculturative stress, they have good immigration experience and they tend to use positive coping mechanisms to deal with their stress. Finally, it was recommended that establishing and strengthening Eritrean community that help immigrants meet and share their experiences would improve their acculturative experiences
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    Acculturation Experiences of Wolayita Youths in Addis Ababa: The Case of Nifas Silk Lafto Sub City
    (AAU, 2021) Zewdu, Temesgen; Zewdu, Temesgen(Dr
    The main objective of this research was to assess the acculturation experiences of Wolayita youths who live in Addis Ababa. The researcher used convenience sampling method to select 95 respondents of the study. To answer the major research questions of the study, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The questionnaire contained points about respondents’ demographic data, acculturation strategy scale, self-evaluated language proficiency scale, stress scale and coping scale. Additionally, interviews were conducted with some Wolayita migrants based on an interview guide to find out the acculturation experiences of the Wolayita youths in the city of Addis Ababa. In order to analyze the quantitative data descriptive statistics, independent T test, mean split, partial correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. The qualitative data gathered from the semi-structured interview were analyzed qualitatively by collecting the responses of informants. The major findings of the study showed that Wolayita migrants in Addis Ababa used integration, separation and assimilation acculturation strategies depend on the situation an individual is in, high language ability in speaking and listening, highly vulnerable to acculturative stress and difficulties with their migration experience. Finally, it was recommended that the government should decentralize its development endeavors by expanding industry zones to zonal and woreda level and major towns of the country
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    Achievement Motivation, Self-Esteem, and Learning Styles In Relation to Mathematics and Physics Achievement Between Wukro Social Development Program Supported and Not- Supported Students
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) gizaw, Belay; Yekoyealem, Desse (Ato)
    It has been uoge ted in different research articles that academic performance is equally illfluenced by lion -cognitive variables as it is so by the cognitive ones. The present study has intellded 10 ee whether non-cognitive factors such as achievement motivation, selfesteem and learning 'lyles do have an influence on students' mathematics and physics achievement. Information concerning the variables mentioned was collected using achievement motivation, self-esteem and learning styles questionnaires from 0(109) W. 'DP-supported and (108) WSDP-not supported sample of Wukro high school ludellts. Three el7lester average academic achievement of each student was collected from the re orc! offi e of the school. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test, correlation, multiple and step-wise regressions. Significant difference in academic achievement motivation, mathematics and physics achievements was reported between oro ups . WSDP-not supported students have better achievement motivation and achieve hetter in academy. But no significant self-esteem difference was reported even though the mean of WSDP-non supported students is slightly greater than the supported students. Achievement motivation and self-esteem contributed to the prediction of mathematics achievement but achievement motivation was the only significant contributor for physics achievernent. While the learning styles-visual, auditory and kinesthetic were not ignijicant predictors of both mathematics and physics achievements and were removed from the regression equation. Since the obtained results convey a message to educationalists, implications are suggested as directions for further research
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    Adolescents’ Prosocial Behavior and its Relationships to Parenting Style and Peer Pressure Among Addis Ababa High School Students
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Solomon, Abel; Zeleke, Seleshi
    The current study investigated prosocial behavior, parenting style and peer pressure of adolescent students in secondary school. One hundred fifty adolescents (Mean age = 15.69 years, 48.7% females) measured their own prosocial behaviors, their perceptions of parenting styles of their parents used and positive and negative peer pressure they experienced from best friend(s). Questionnaires were used to collect data. Quantitative analyses (both descriptive and inferential statistics) were used to analyze the obtained data. The study shows that, altruism prosocial behavior is the most dominant type of prosocial behavior. There was no significant gender difference in overall prosocial behavior. The results further indicated that there was a significant gender difference in the parenting style. However, there was no significant mean difference in prosocial behaviors among adolescents from different parenting style background. Whereas there was significant mean difference in some prosocial behaviors of adolescents due to positive and negative peer pressures they experienced from best friend(s). The current study has important implications for parents, schools, government and non government sectors and practitioners who are concerned about promoting adolescents’ positive behaviors and discouraging negative behaviors
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    Aggression and Empathy among Graduating Class Students of Social Science and Natural Science Colleges
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Hiwot Gebremedhin; Daniel Tefera (PhD)
    The goal of the current study was to ascertain how aggression and empathy related among Addis Ababa University's undergraduate graduating class students. 161 students between the ages of 19 and 27 were selected as a sample from AAU departments. The survey included 89 male students (55%) and 72 female students (45%). Students were divided into two groups for the study's purposes: social science college students (N=78) and natural science college students (N=83). The study employed a cross-sectional research design. Data were gathered using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and a new aggression questionnaire prepared specifically for this study. In order to analyze the data, the independent-t test and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient were used. The findings revealed no statistically significant correlation between aggression and empathy. Both males and females showed similar levels of aggression. Students in the Natural Science college showed higher aggression as compared to those in the Social Science college. Students in both Social Science and Natural Science colleges showed similar levels of empathy. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between females and males in empathy levels. Given the pressing global significance of aggression, further studies are required to enhance our understanding of this phenomenon. Moreover, it is imperative to thoroughly examine the relationship between aggression and empathy, as it holds significant potential for addressing the prevailing levels of violence worldwide. Keywords: Empathy, Aggression
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    Aging and Retirement among Ethiopian Elderly: Adjustment, Challenges and Policy Implications
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Ashenafi, Getinet; Meshesha, Ayele (PhD)
    This study was conducted on 326 retired persons aged 60 and above to examine retirement adjustment of the elderly and the extent to which adjustment was influenced by social, psychological and contextual factors. The study also intended to identify challenges facing the elderly after retirement and to assess how supportive national social policies were to the elderly in meeting their developmental needs. Three hundred and sixteen elders in the ages between 62 and 79 (M = 68.22, SD = 6.29) completed a self-administered questionnaire and 10 elders age ranged from 64 to 72 participated in an interview. A general survey questionnaire was constructed to collect data on demographic characteristics of participants, organizational conditions for retirement and postretirement activities. Four independent Likert-type scales were adapted from different sources to measure participants’ adjustment to retirement, preretirement planning and preparation, perceived social support and personal mastery. Preliminary pilot study was conducted to test validity and reliability of the scales. The pilot study revealed valid and reliable instruments with considerable modifications on the original scales. Findings of the main study showed that majority of the elderly were in difficulty adjusting to postretirement situations. They were facing economic, social and psychological problems. Inadequate preretirement planning and preparation, lack of access to supportive organizational programs and lower level of personal mastery were reported from the vast majority of the participants, contributing to the poorer adjustment to retirement. Government social policies also have not been considerate of the retired elderly and hardly been meeting their psychological, social and financial needs. Establishing an institution, recognizing the retired elderly and introducing retirement savings were the prevalent opinions of the participants to lessen the postretirement plights. Several factors were found to influence retirement adjustment either psychosocially, financially or both. viii Better participation in postretirement activities, strong sense of personal control, being married or in a relationship, adequate access to bridge employment, increased number of years since retirement, adequate preparation on self-protection and public protection issues and adequate support from family and friends significantly predicted better adjustment to psychosocial adjustment. On the other hand, adequate preparation on self-insurance (financial) and selfprotection (social, psychological and health) issues, higher level of education, adequate access to supportive preretirement programs, adequate family support, strong sense of personal control, better income, better health and adequate public-support significantly predicted better adjustment to financial conditions. From all the predictors, self-protection, public protection, family support and personal control were significant predictors of both the psychosocial adjustment and financial adjustment. On the contrary, age and sex of the participants were not significant predictors of any of the adjustment measures. Together, these findings suggest that adequacy of the social, psychological, organizational, preretirement and postretirement resources enhance individual’s adjustment to retirement with considerable policy implications. Key terms: aging and retirement, adjustment to retirement, retired elderly, Ethiopian elderly
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    Altruistic Behavior among Religious Believers: Does Religious Orientation Matter
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-10) Zewdie Teferra; Mitiku Hambisa (PhD)
    The main purpose of this study was to explore the altruistic behavior among religious believers using a phenomenological qualitative design. Purposive, non-probability sampling was used to recruit participants. Data was collected from MMKC believers through In-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Nine participants were selected for a semi-structured interview, followed by two focus group discussions with six and seven members each. Five major themes emerged from the thematic analysis: views and lived experiences, influence of religious orientations on altruistic behavior, motive to altruistic behavior and challenges of altruistic behavior. The study found that altruistic behavior is influenced by religious orientations, with convertees showing a higher degree of altruistic behavior. The findings from this study could contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the factors that influence altruism in different socio-demographic groups, particularly within religious communities. Key Words: Altruism, Religious orientation, Pro- social, Denomination, Church
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    The Altruistic Behaviors of Home-Reared, Institutionalized and Street Children
    (Addis Ababa University, 2001-06) Biru, Aragaw; Berhane, Habtegiorgis (PhD)
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the altruistic motives of homereared, institutionalized and street chi ldren. The variations in altruistic motives because of the differences in sex, age, grade and religiosity are also treated. 216 subjects were randomly selected fTom the three types of residence. Equal numbers of male and female subj ects were taken from each res idence. The age of the subjects range from IO-ISyears and their educational level range from illiterates to 9th grade. Pro-social Motivation Questionnaire and Religiosity Scale were adopted for the purpose of this study. The pro-social Motivation Questionnaire has hedonism, self-orientation, conformity, task-orientation, other-orientation and empathy sub scales, which were applied to measure altruistic behavior. The religiosity scale has belief, ritual and knowledge dimensions, which were used to measure the involvement of an individual in a particular religion. Descriptive statistics, intercorrelation of variables, analys is of variance, stepwise regression and Scheffe's multiple comparison tests were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that, home-reared children are more altruistic than institutionalized children, which in turn are more altruistic than street children. Females are more altruistic than males. In addition to this, the older and high-grade level children are more altruistic than the younger and low-grade level children. More over, the more religious children are more altruistic than ch ildren with low religiosity. Finally, awareness education to the parents, trainings to the caregivers of children's institutions and reunification of street children by concerned bodies are recommended to improve the altruistic behaviors of children.
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    An Assessment of the effect of Group Cohesion in Self-Help Groups Functioning: The Case of Self-Help Groups in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Samrawit Afework; Mulat Asnake (PhD)
    Self-help groups (SHGs) are small, voluntary associations of poor individuals from the same socioeconomic background. These groups come together to utilize mutual aid and self-help to address their shared difficulties. Studying group cohesion benefits the sustainability of the group and the achievement of their objectives. It is evident that group cohesion plays a crucial role in sustaining volunteers and achieving their goals. The general objective of this study was to assess group cohesion and the factors associated with it in self-help groups in Addis Ababa. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed. A cross-sectional survey was used as the quantitative method, while Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted as the qualitative approach to reinforce the quantitative findings. A single population proportion sample size technique was applied, resulting in a sample size of 96 individuals out of a total of 1,430. The KIIs and FGDs were conducted simultaneously. The results showed that in the Yeka sub-city, 82.3% (n=79) of the self-help group members demonstrated group cohesion, while 17.7% (n=17) indicated weak group cohesion. Overall, 75% of the group members exhibited cohesion among team members. Group members who received family support had a 26% greater likelihood of sustaining their membership. The self-help groups demonstrated strong cohesion due to positive relationships among members, trust, and transparent management. Decisions were made collaboratively within the group. However, the groups lacked a common goal that could be shared among all members. Key Words: Self-help group, group cohesion, and cohesion.
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    Anxiety, Attitude towards Mathematics and Mathematics Achievement of Tenth Grade Students at Government and Private Schools in kolfe keranio sub city of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Abebe, Getachew; Andualem, Tamire (Ato)
    The aim of this study was to investigate differences in attitudes towards mathematics, mathematics anxiety, and mathematical achievement due to sex, and school type, and to display how well anxiety and attitude towards mathematics determine students’ mathematical achievement controlling for sex and school type. Attitude and anxiety mathematics scales were administered to 307 tenth grade students (128 private and 179 government) and the data collected were analyzed using statistical techniques of mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test and multiple regression analyses. Results revealed significant differences in attitude, in anxiety and in mathematics scores with respect to type of schools, but no significant sex differences with respect to private schools, government schools and both types of the schools combined together. The multiple regression analysis displayed that sex, school type, attitude towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety had statistically significant contribution on students’ mathematics achievement explaining 45.8% of the variance in mathematics achievement. Of the variables treated in the study, attitude towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety were the best predictor variables of the student mathematics achievement. Based on the findings, valuable suggestions were forwarded for stakeholders. Thus, to decrease the students’ negative attitude towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety students, parents, teachers, school administrators and education planners work together cooperatively; government schools learn best practices from private schools especially in the use of instructional time and teachers create student-centered teaching methods.
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    Anxiety, Depression and Coping Mechanisms during covid-19 among Staff of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital
    (AAU, 2022-02) Mekarim, Hayat; Wuhib, Tigist(Dhr
    Corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is truly a public health problem and global pandemic. The diseases affect all segments of the population including healthcare workers in different facilities. There is the lack of research done inside the hospital community especially mental health center staffs so that the aim of the study was to assess anxiety and depression, and coping mechanism during the time of covid-19 pandemic among the staff of Amanuel mental specialized hospital. A cross-sectional study design and qualitative design were used. A total of 423 samples were selected using stratify sampling method. A self reported HADs and brief coping scale were used. A descriptive analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence. Chi-square analysis was used to identify the association and a binary logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with outcome variables. Odds ratio with 95%CI was used to estimate the strength of association and P-value<0.05 and 14 participants participated in in-depth interview using purposive sampling method. The response rate was 94% (n=398). The result shows that the magnitude of anxiety obtained 44.5% and depression 33.4% and in coping mechanism scale depending upon magnitude two best results was selected. The first coping mechanism was the preventive measure including wearing mask, keeping distance, using sanitizer and washing of hands before and after touching the patient or materials and the second mechanism was Religion activities such as attending in religious place, reading regions books and prying during the pandemic. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated being female were statically significant association with anxiety and depression. Other socio-demographic characteristics had no statistically associated with anxiety and depression. In-depth-interview result showed that other psychological problems such as adjustment problem, lack of freedom, limited social life, discomfort, loneliness, sadness, and developing scared surrounding. The magnitude of anxiety and depression was high among staff members of Amanuel mental specialized hospital during COVID-19 pandemic. Adjustment problems, lack of freedom, limited social life, discomfort, loneliness, sadness, and developing scared surrounding were additional reported psychological problems. Preventive and religious coping mechanisms were used by most participants.
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    Assesment of Practices, Problems and Prospects of Counselling Services in Some Selected Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2004-06) Bulti, Amare; Orner, Yusuf (PhD)
    The purpose of this study is to assess practices, problems and prospects of counselling services in some selected secondary schools of Addis Ababa. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussion. 553 students, 154 teachers, 13 directors, 21 counsellors and 78 focus group discussion members were involved in the study. Various statistical techniques both qualitative and quantitative such as Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficient, Percentage, Standard deviation, Mean, Coefficient of variation and Chi square test were used to analyse the data. The outcome of the data analysis revealed that there are problems in counselling activities (practices) and in the actual counselling facilities. For instance, there are no professional counselling centres to refer students who have difficult problems for better treatment. The counsellors lacked reference materials on counselling in their school libraries. Moreover, the findings show that there are a lot of practical activities carried out by the school counsellors in the secondary schools. Detailed problems and prospects related to counselling services were also identified. Finally, both short term and long term major recommendations are presented in order to improve the counselling services in the secondary schools of Addis Ababa
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    Assessing Protection Support and Access to Public Services of the Eritrean Refugees in Alemwach Settlement, Dabat Woreda, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024) Tamirat Mezgebu; Abebaw Minaye (PhD)
    The primary aim of this study was to assess the protection support and access to public services for Eritrean refugees in the Alemwach Settlement, situated in the Dabat woreda, Amhara Region. For this study 216 refugee community members were participated and also including refugee committee, different stalk holders from GO and NGO participated for FGD and KII. The participants included Eritrean refugees living in the Alemwach settlement in Dabat, Amhara. The study addressed three main research questions. A mixed-methods approach was utilized, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The qualitative methods included: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with refugee community members and stakeholders from both government organizations (GOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).34 participants were part of the FGD with different sessions. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with service providers, humanitarian organizations, and government officials based in Dabat. For quantitative method two Standardized questionnaires for social and psychological wellbeing of refugees were employed. The research also used secondary documents. The study examined how Eritrean refugees receive support and protection services from government and nongovernmental organizations in the Alemwach settlement. The findings revealed that access to basic public services for Eritrean refugees is inadequate due to various challenges, including logistical issues and insufficient infrastructure. The study explored the psychological challenges faced by refugees, who were secondarily displaced from former camps in the Tigray region to Alemwach in the Amhara region. Using a standardized psychological and social wellbeing scale, the study found that while most refugees have adjusted to their new environment, some still need additional psychosocial support due to past traumatic experiences. Despite these challenges, both the refugee and host communities generally maintained a positive outlook. The study assessed how refugees access and share public services with the host community, following the UNHCR’s integrated area based approach. The results identified gaps and challenges in accessing shared services, such as healthcare and education. Several unmet needs were highlighted, including camp security, opportunities for social interaction and participation, movement restrictions, and access to education and health services. The study also identified significant unmet psychosocial needs and gaps between the services required by refugees and those provided by agencies and humanitarian organizations, largely due to budget constraints. Key unmet needs include: Security within the camp; Opportunities for social interaction and participation; Freedom of movement.; Access to education and health services; Legal needs, such as documentation for new births and ID cards and Proof of registration for refugees. A simple descriptive analysis was conducted to understand the support provided to the Eritrean refugee community and their access to basic public services in the Alemwach settlement. The findings underscore the need for improved support mechanisms and better service provision to meet the needs of Eritrean refugees in the region. Key words: protection support; Eritrean refugees; access to public services; psychosocial support, unmet needs
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    Assessment Literacy Among Teachers of Technical and Vocational Education Training (Tvet) Centers in Region-6
    (Addis Ababa University, 2005-06) Kelemu, Abera; Sa, Bidyadhar (PhD)
    The main purpose of the study was to examine teachers' training background, their perception on their training back ground they had in assessment of students' learning, the competence level of teachers in the seven standards of assessment, and teachers' perceptions about their abilities in the seven competence standards of assessment. Beside, the relationship among their background, perception and level of knowledge were investigated. To serve the purpose of the study 41 teachers available in the TVET centers of Region-6 form the sample of the study. To gather data from the selected sample teachers' assessment literacy questionnaire was administered. To analyze the collected data, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson product moment correlation were used. The results indicated that most teachers have taken less than one course on measurement and evaluation during their college training and they believe their training was inadequate. Most of them have no in-service training and they showed low level of performance in the assessment competency test and a large majority rated their abilities as "very good" in some assessment skills. It was also found that experienced teachers and teachers who have taken measurement and evaluation course during their college showed better overall performance than teachers who lack experience and who haven't measurement and evaluation course during their college education. However, a significant difference is not observed between teachers who believed their college training is adequate and those teachers who believed their college training to be inadequate. Based on these findings conclusion and suggestion have been drawn