Veterinary Pathology

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Browsing Veterinary Pathology by Subject "Bishoftu"

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    Bovine Tuberculosis Lesion Description with Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium Species from Cattle Slaughtered at Abattoirs Bishoftu, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2016-06) wagari, Akinaw; Demissie, Tilaye (Prof)
    A cross-sectional study was conducted at ELFORA and Bishoftu Municipality Abattoir from November 2015 to April 2016 to describe the gross and microscopic lesion of bovine tuberculosis and characterize its causative agents. Post-mortem examination, pathological scoring, bacteriological culturing, Zeihl Neelson staining, histopathology and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for investigation. Six hundred twenty six (626) Cattle were recruited for the study and the prevalence was found to be 2.9% (18/626) on the basis of gross lesion. There was statistical significant (X2=24.01 and P=0.000) difference between age of the animal and tuberculosis lesion. Eighty eight percent (88%) of the gross lesion was detected in the thoracic cavity while 12% of the lesion was found in the abdominal cavity and head region. Only twenty eight percent (28%=5/18) of the suspicious lesions yielded colonies of which one were acid-fast positive. Severe depletion of lymphocytes, calcification, cellular debris and aggregation of macrophage were observed microscopically. Further identification of the isolates using multiplex PCR revealed that the isolates belong to the Genus Mycobacterium. Of the isolates that showed signal to the Genus Mycobacterium, it was the members of the non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium complex. In conclusion, TB lesions were caused by the non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium complex. Hence, as the isolates were the non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium complex members, the pathogenecity and public health importance of these members in cattle needs further study. Key words: Bishoftu, Bovine tuberculosis, Calcifications, Cattle, Non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium, PCR
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF LESIONS AND EVALUATION OF HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN SCAVENGING CHICKEN NATURALLY INFECTED BY GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS IN AND AROUND BISHOFTU
    (2017-06) Debella, Taweya; Dr. Tilaye Demissie, Yacob Hailu (Prof)
    A study was conducted from November 2016 - May 2017 on eighty free range chickens purchased from Bishoftu local markets, to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths,for characterizetion of lesions of lesions in parasite positive chicken, and to evaluate change in haemathological and serum biochemical parameters. The gastrointestinal helminths were isolated and characterized. Blood sample was collected from brachial vein in vacutainer tube with anticoagulant for hematological examination and also in plain vacutainers for serum biochemical analysis. After gross lesion characterization tissues were collected into sample bottles containing buffer neutral 10% formalin for microscopic lesion characterization. From a total of 80 chicken examined by postmortem 76 (95%) were infested with one or more types of helminth parasites. Seven nematode parasites namely, Aucaria hamulosa, Ascaridia galli, Hetrakis.dispar, Hetrakis gallinarum, Hetrakis isolenchae, Subulura brumpti, Allodapa sucturia and 6 cestode species namely, Raillietina tetragona, Raillietina cesticillus, Raillietina echinobothrida, Hymenolepis Carioca, Hymenolepis continana and Choenetenia infun were identified. The diference in isolation rate was not significant between male and female (x2=0.278, P>0.05) and among age group (x2=0.268, P> 0.05). The frequent gross lesions include necrosis and haemorrhages in gizard,very soft feces containing much mucous exudate in the small intestine, tickened mucosal wall with petechial haemorrhage and thick white pesty mucous in the lumen. Microscopic lesions revealed degeneration and necrosis of epithelium and intestinal glands, infiltration of inflammatory cells arround the parasite attachments in intestines, excessive tissue damage, hemorrhage, and necrosis in the affected gizzard.The mean haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count and packed cell volume were 11g/dl, 2.67x106/ul, 3.04 x103/ul, 30.3% respectively in naturally infected chickens and 12g/dl, 3.5 x106/ul, 2.4 x103/ul, 36.3%, respectively in negative chicken.The mean difference was statistically significant for total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, and packed cell volume (P<0.05). Chickens with mixed parasites showed decreased levels of glucose and increased in total protein and aspartate aminotransferase. Means diference for the single and mixed infection was statistically significant for aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and glucose. It can be concluded that gastrointestinal helminthes are one of major problems of local backyard chicken.
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    Efficacy of Entomopathogenic fungi against Amblyomma Variegatum Ticks and their control practices in and around Bishoftu, Central Oromia, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2024) Dereje Tsegaye; Prof. Bersissa Kumsa
    Ticks impact the health of animals and humans and are associated with numerous public health and economic problems around the world. The use of chemical acaricides has been the most commonly used method for tick control on livestock in recent years. However, chemical control of ticks has several disadvantages including high expense, lead to toxic residues in meat and milk, lead to acaricidal resistance and cause environmental pollution. The present in vitro experimental study on the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against adult Amblyomma variegatum collected from cattle was conducted from September 2023 to April 2024 in Bishoftu town. The entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from the soil samples in different parts central of Ethiopia. Furthermore, the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the animal owners regarding ticks and tick control was assessed through a structured questionnaire survey. Of the total of 80 soil samples examined for the presence of Entomopathogenic fungi, 17 samples from Bishoftu and Burayu were positive of which Metarhizium anisopliae were detected in 10 soil samples while the rest 7 soil samples were positive for Beauveria bassiana.The working concentrations were prepared from selected positive isolations at three strength levels (1x10 6 , 1x10 7 and 1x10 8) conidia/ml was applied against Amblyomma variegatum while distilled water and Amitraz 12.5% were used as a negative and positive control, respectively. After applying different concentrations separately, and a mortality rate of 93% and 97.5% was recorded at the concentrations 1x10 7 and 1x10 8 conidia/ml respectively for metarhizium anisoplie and 93.33% and 97% for beauveria issiana after 15 days, with the lowest concentration (1x10 6) conidia/ml showing the lowest death percentage (83.25%) for metarhizium anisoplie and 80.7% for beauveria issiana whereas 76.75% mortality was recorded in the positive control Amitraz. The highest efficacy of Entomopathogenic fungi was observed for the highest concentration and time in increasing manner. The LC50 of 1 x 10 4 (% 95 CI = 1 x 10 3 - 1 x 10 8) conidia/ml for Metarhizium anisopliae and 1 x 10 4 (% 95 CL = 1 x 10 3–1 x 10 6) conidia/ml for Beauveria bassiana, and LC99 of 1x10 9 (% 95 = 1x10 8-1x10 13 conidia/ml for Metarhizium anisopliae and 1x10 9 (%95=1x10 7-1x10 11) conidia/ml for Beauveria bassiana were recorded using probit regression analysis. This suggests that the EPF have great potential as the alternative approach to chemical acaricides for the control of ticks in Ethiopia.