Environmental and Development Studies

Permanent URI for this collection

http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/18

Browse

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

Assesement of E-Marketing and Crisis Management Practices Of Star-Rated Hotels in Addis Ababa amid Covid-19 and Ongoing Internal Conflict
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Biniyam Alemu; Shiferaw Muleta (PhD)
The emergence of digital technology mainly has shifted the business practice in the world; this recent development has been playing an increasing role in the hospitality and tourism industry as well. Among others, star-rated hotels often apply various marketing and crisis management activities. However, there is hardly any study conducted on assessment of Emarketing and practice of crisis management strategy among Addis Ababa star-rated hotels. The purpose of this study is to assess E-marketing and crisis management practices among star-rated hotels in Addis Ababa amid COVID 19 and on-going internal conflicts. The research employed through mixed approach. Data (n=125) are collected from purposely selected marketing managers of star-rated hotels. Both primary and secondary sources of information were used. The analysis is followed by using a descriptive analysis for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The empirical findings show that star-rated hotels practice E-product, E-price, E-promotion and E-place in their business since internet marketing plays a vital role in the business by providing access to global consumer markets as well as growing their market share during the current crisis. Based on the result, workforce reduction was a dominant component of crisis management, followed by cost control, organizational support, and customer-oriented market respectively. The emarketing practices among star-rated hotels in Addis Ababa are challenged by poor infrastructure, Shortage of ICTs facilities and skills, Limited financial resources, speed and intermittency of internet connection, monopoly of telecom service by the state and absence of adequate room for private telecommunication service providers. The study also recommended that star-rated hotels in Addis Ababa could adopt a hybrid of e-marketing and practice of crisis management activities in order to remain profitable and the concerned body should give top priority for factors that hinders practice of electronic marketing during the course of COVID 19 and ongoing internal conflicts.
Climate Change Governance in Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Tigezaw Lamesegin; Belay Simane Birhanu (Ph.D., Professor); Tesfaye Zeleke Italemahu (Ph.D., Associate Professor)
In the face of mounting greenhouse gas emissions and vulnerability to climate change risks, instituting a viable climate change governance system has been one of the arduous challenges in the context of developing country cities like Addis Ababa City. The objective of this Ph.D. dissertation was to understand urban climate change governance practice in Addis Ababa City with a focus on existing practice, actor’s involvements, contribution factors, institutional interactions, and policy tools. A mixed research design was employed whereby most of the study objectives were based on bulk of in depth qualitative data generated from experts, government officials, CSOs and the private sectors, which was also complemented by a range of secondary data. A survey of 232 respondents, who were environment experts at different levels, was conducted using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression models. The results indicate that the city's current environmental policies, strategies, regulations, proclamations, laws, and its implementations are encountering significant obstacles due to weak accountability, insufficient regulation enforcement, and inadequate engagement of essential stakeholders, particularly civil society organizations and private sectors. These shortcomings are attributed to a deficient institutional framework and the absence of formal systems that enable private sectors, communities, and NGOs to collaborate in addressing climate change. Hence, the findings revealed that the current climate change governance practice in the city was found to be ineffective. On top of this, climate change governance is significantly hindered by lack of coordination, political will and leadership, inadequate finance and lack of policies, regulations. A study on climate governance modes in city has also revealed that climate change mitigation and adaptation measures are mainly implemented through provisioning and self-governance, while enabling and regulation are not widely used in climate governance practices. It is suggested that there is a need to give due attention to climate change and its response measures through an established strong accountability system to enforce regulation, rules, proclamations, laws, policies, and strategies in different sectors. The city government should create an enabling environment to attract non-state actors, in general, and NGOs, in particular, and should practice awareness creations, workshops, continuous trainings and capacity buildings at different levels
Examining Factors Affecting General Managerial Employees' Organizational Commitment: The Case of Star-Rated Hotel Managers in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-10) Getu Mulugeta; Ephrem Assefa (PhD)
The commitment of skilled employees, especially managerial employees to their organization is presumed to have a crucial role for organizational success. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the organizational commitment of managerial employees in star-rated hotels in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To meet this objective, the study used a descriptive and correlational research design and a quantitative approach. The study collected data from 105 general managers of star-rated hotels in Addis Ababa using a questionnaire. The study identified five predictor variables affecting managerial employees’ commitment to their organization namely owner-leader relationship, organizational culture, reward and compensation, flexible job design, and working condition. The study used various statistical techniques, descriptive statisticsand inferential statistics (correlation analysis, and regression analysis) to test the research hypotheses and the validity of the questionnaire item. The result of descriptive statistics revealed that general managers of star-rated hotels have low level of commitment to their organization (x=2.55). Moreover, among the predictor variables, the managers have low level of perception towards reward and compensation (x=2.59) and flexible job design (x=2.57).They had good perception towards organizational culture (x=3.29), and working condition (x=3.83), and worklife balance (x=3.41). Furthermore, the result of regression analysis showed only owner-leader relationship, reward and compensation and working condition have caused a statistically significant weak positive effect on hotel managerial employees’ commitment to their organization. At the end, the study discusses the implications of the findings for theory and practice, and suggests some directions for future research.
Examining Local Food Supply Chain Management practices in Enhancing Purchase Practices: The Case of Star-Rated Hotels in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-10) Nafyad Tadesse; Ephrem Assefa (PhD)
Tourism is a multi-sectoral industry which has linkage with the various sectors of the economy such as agriculture. It is presumed that the sustainability and competitiveness of tourism businesses such as hotels partly depend on the performance of local food supply chain management practices. However, the integration between agriculture and tourism is quite fragmented in many tourist destinations in developing countries like Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to examine local food supply chain management practices in enhancing purchasing practicesthe case of star-rated hotels in Addis Ababa. The study applied mixed research approach, descriptive and Exploratory research designs. Primary and secondary sources were employed. Simple random sampling technique was employed to gather quantitative data using questionnaire from purchasing managers of 142 star-rated hotels and purposive sampling technique to gather interview data from 4 local food suppliers’ managers. Quantitative data gathered using questionnaire was processed via SPSS version 26, and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multiple linear regression analysis and MANOVA). The results of descriptive statistics revealed that there is moderate level of mutual information sharing, supply chain integration, strategic supplier partnership, and actual purchasing. However, there is high level of logistics integration. Furthermore, the results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the dimensions of supply chain management practices namely mutual information sharing, supply chain integration, logistics integration and strategic supplier partnership have caused positive and significantly effect on local food a purchasing practice. On the other hand, The MANOVA result also revealed that there is not a statistically significant difference among the groups (star-rated hotels) in term of. The major local food supply chain related challenges faced by hotels are inconsistent supply of local food products, and poor transport infrastructure. Therefore, it is recommended that collective efforts should be made by star-rated hotels and local food suppliers to build mutual information sharing systems in order to increase the purchasing practices of star-rated hotels to purchase local food products.
Exploring Traditional Coffee Ceremony and Branded Coffee Houses of Addis Ababa from Tourism Attraction Perspective
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Seyoum, Muluken; T , Tamrat (PhD)
There is a story that can be told behind every cup of coffee that we drink starting from plucking the red berry from the coffee plant by the diligent hands of Ethiopian farmers to preparing a tasty cup of coffee. Ethiopia is known for her rich cultural ritualistic coffee ceremony. However, the potential for coffee tourism development in Ethiopia remains largely untapped because of lack of tourism attraction knowhow and a range of destination management issues. The aim of this study is to explore the traditional coffee ceremony and branded coffee houses of Addis Ababa from tourism attraction perspective by investigating tourist appealing cultural elements of traditional coffee ceremony and contemporary coffeehouses with their peculiar features that ignite visitors’ motive to experience Ethiopian coffee culture. Exploratory sequential research design is used. The survey sample consists of 200 coffee consuming tourists out of which 174 respondents are found to be valid. Numerous cultural elements have been identified which will be used as a stepping stone to develop the existing coffee culture as a tourism attraction. Data was also gathered through in-depth and semi-structured interviews that are made with 16 participants for this particular study. Data collection and analysis were simultaneously done in the case of qualitative data. As a result of the findings of the study seven main themes were emerged through in-depth interviews. These themes are authentic coffee culture, cultural diversity, contemporary coffee house, glocalization, traditional coffee ceremony, social media and tourism attraction potential. The outcome of the analysis indicates that Addis Ababa has a great potential of becoming coffee culture destination. However, to get a wider global market position the thesis suggests a set of recommendations. Engaging in digital technology promotion, coordination between various stakeholders in coffee, following participatory approach and government support in order to scale up traditional coffee selling corners of the city was mentioned.
Hotels Social Responsibility Practices the Case of Five Star Rated, in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Getachew, Muday; T. , Tamrat (PhD)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is bothered with how an affiliation exaggerates its littlest obligations to partners expressed over order and corporate administration. The principle assurance of this examination is to survey, Hotel's social obligation of five-star hotels in Addis Ababa, to accomplish the objectives, both primary and secondary data were produced by utilizing qualitative and quantitative strategies. The analysis attended the descriptive techniques shored up with qualitative information. And quantitative information was analyzed by utilizing the usually utilized programming SPSs descriptive statics, T-test, and ANOVA and the acquired outcomes were then discussed. The finding shows that the majority of the details don't know about CSR and the dominant practices the natural, monetary and social extents however enormously practices the economic and social activities of SR and environmental component of social obligation needs to get incredible consideration. Furthermore, challenges are that outside factors have more effect on CSR selection than inward factors. The business embraces a policy-based consistence procedure as an expense of working together. The greater part of the foundations is receptive to increasing the value community. Money related limitation, absence of top administrators’ interest and absence of mindfulness on CSR are the primary inhibitors of CSR commitment and the survey result shows the local community has positive perception towards CSR hotels. The researcher recommends, mindfulness have to be made in regards to the issue of corporate social obligation, the proprietor of the hotels ought to be keen on putting resources into CSR and the legislature and another concerned body should offer thoughtfulness regarding the CSR of the hotels.
Households Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply Services in Addis Ababa City.
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Abiyou, Abaynhe; Diriba , Dawit (PhD)
The major objective of this study is to estimate household willingness to pay for improved sustainable water supply services, and to investigate its determinants in Addis Ababa city of Ethiopia, by using contingent valuation method with a single bounded elicitation format followed by open ended questions. A total of 375 randomly selected sample households were interviewed, both probit and linear regression of ordinary list square model were used to analyze the determinants of households willingness to pay for improvement of water supply services and A mean willingness to pay is found to be 2.78 birr per one bucket or 20 liter of jerican in the probit result and mean willingness to pay 2.01 birr in the open ended format result. Household’s monthly income, sex of household head, family size of household and reliability of water services have positive and significant effects on willingness to pay for improved water supply services in the probit model. On the other hand, initial bid price and age of house hold head have negative and significant effect on the probability of willingness to pay for improved water supply services. The contingent valuation survey result revealed that 323(86.1%) of household heads were found willing to pay additional fee for improved water services. This implies that if proposed water improvement scheme is implemented, in addition to satisfying the water needs of households of the city’s utility management can collect more revenue from the sale of improvement water. If provision of improved water supply service will applied to the city of Addis Ababa water and sanitation authority will collect 286,693,205.50 birr additional revenue. Therefore, the concerned body needs to take in to consideration the socio economic and demographic factors like sex, age, marital status, income, educational status and marital status in designing the improved water supply system of the city.
Impacts of Industrial Park Development on the Environment and Livelihoods of the Surrounding Displaced Community in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Fituma Lemessa; Belay Simane (Prof.); Aseffa Seyum (PhD)
In its first objective, this study analyzed heavy metal concentrations in soil and vegetables after irrigation with industrial wastewater from Bole Lemi Industrial Park. 24 samples from 8 stations were collected following APHA procedures in May and June 2021using a composite sampling method. Analysis included Pb, Cr, Cd, and Zn concentrations using statistical methods. Zn had the highest levels (7.82 mg/kg in vegetables, 5.12 mg/kg in soil). Bioconcentration factor, Estimated Daily Intake, and Target Cancer Risk were highest for Cd, Zn, and Cr, respectively. Hazard Index indicated no health effects. Soil concentrations showed strong positive correlations between Cr/Cd and Pb in vegetables, and Cd in water correlated with Pb. In its second objective, the study also assessed water quality in rivers near Bole Lemi Industrial Park. Data from six stations were collected between May and June 2021. In-situ and ex-situ measurements examined parameters like pH, EC, TSS, temperature, COD, TN, TDS, TP, and BOD. Water samples were evaluated using the weighted arithmetic water quality index. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in water quality among stations. Temperature, EC, pH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD, TN, and TP levels varied. pH exceeded the recommended ranges at two stations. The water quality index categorized samples as "unsuitable for consumption." Proper management and irrigation with treated wastewater are important. Findings can guide Addis Ababa in river protection and industry park management. This study, in its third objective, also assessed the impact of Bole Lemi Industry Park on the livelihoods of local communities in the peri-urban areas in Addis Ababa. A survey of 379 displaced household heads examined changes in income and employment opportunities. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to analyze the data. Results showed deteriorating living conditions and increased poverty among the displaced. The study highlighted the imbalance between industrial development and local farming communities, recommending compensation, resettlement support, and livelihood diversification. Comprehensive and participatory approaches to industrial park development were deemed crucial for sustainable and equitable growth while protecting local communities. Finally, this study examined compensation for communities affected by the development of Bole Lemi Industry Park in Addis Ababa. A survey of displaced household heads explored various factors, including gender and marital status. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were employed to analyze data on compensation rates, income distribution, and community participation. Findings revealed insights into compensation mechanisms, job creation perceptions, and preferences. The study identified gender disparities in compensation preferences and stressed the importance of transparency, accountability, and inclusive engagement for fair development outcomes. The study provided valuable information for stakeholders and promoted informed and equitable compensation approaches to development..
Marketing and Promotion of Historical Heritages for Cultural Tourism: The Case of Historic Buildings in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Tilaye, Dejene; Zeleke PhD, Tesfaye
Cultural heritage tourism is globally attractive to governments because it has demonstrated an ability to contribute to the rejuvenation of regional and inner-city urban areas. Addis Ababa possess historical buildings with exceptional architecture that express astonishing history of the city. As tourism sells a beautiful experiences historical buildings and architecture in physical form plays a significant role in cultural heritage tourism activities in urban areas. However most of the buildings in Addis Ababa are not maintained and conserved as heritage tourism resources. To this end, the thesis was intended to explore the marketing and promotion of historical buildings as cultural heritage tourism recourses in Addis Ababa. To achieve the objectives, the researcher employed a mixed type of research method. Both primary and secondary data were used to assess the marketing and promotional activities of historical buildings for cultural heritage tourism purposes. Questionnaires were distributed to purposefully selected, one hundred fifty (150) cultural tourists and one hundred fifty (150) tour operating firms. Key informant interview were undertaken with seven (7) selected heritage and tourism marketing experts. Secondary data were collected from government reports, policy documents, journals and local research papers. In addition, personal observation was conducted to fill the gap of primary and secondary data gathered from different sources. The analysis of the result reveal that tourists visiting historical buildings were leisure tourists coming independently on holidays, price around historical buildings is not expensive, from cultural tourism sites in Addis Ababa museums are mainly included in the package tours. Tour operators serve foreign tourists as their target market, but the finding revealed that there was huge potential of domestic tourism. Word of mouth is the single most source of information tourist know about historical buildings of Addis Ababa while, exhibitions, tourist information centers, and tourist guide books were insignificant in terms of informing about the buildings. Tour operators used websites, blogs and emails (internet) as marketing and promotional strategy. Cultural tourists who visited historical buildings were motivated by history or learning (curiosity) and architectural beauty of historical buildings. Cultural tourists visited historical buildings of Addis Ababa were casual tourists but, recommended Addis Ababa as cultural tourism destination. Unbalanced system of budgeting with the cost of heritage conservation, lack of collaboration and lack of sufficient knowledge about historical buildings by tour operating firms were among the barriers of marketing and promotion of historical buildings as cultural heritage tourism recourses. Government is recommended to manage and conserve historical buildings, facilitate and initiate the collaboration and participation of stakeholders during the planning, marketing and promotional stages of historical buildings as cultural tourism resources. Tour operators recommended to diverse their target market, conduct marketing research and analysis to understand the potential of domestic tourism, and acquire the necessary knowledge which is very essential for marketing and promotion of cultural heritage tourism.
Marketing Strategies Adopted By Five Star Hotels in Addis Ababa during Covid-19
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Habtamu Asfaw; Tesfaye Zeleke (PhD)
The objective of the study is to assess marketing strategies used by Five Star Hotels in Addis Ababa during COVID-19 pandemic. The research design of the study was descriptive and explanatory research design. The research approach of the study was mixed approach. Sources of data were both primary and secondary sources. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation) were employed to analyze and interpret the data obtained from the field through data collection instruments. The finding of the study indicated that the hotels fully understood the concept of marketing strategies. The hotels is being thoroughly implemented various marketing strategies during COVID-19 pandemic. Five star hotels need to allocate and have budget as prerequisites for the implementation of marketing strategies during a crisis like COVID-19. Five star hotels in Addis Ababa employed or utilized marketing strategies by making excellent use of social media platforms on the arrangement of business meetings and to directly contact/communicate business meeting clients. In addition to this, five star hotels are providing hyperlink on their websites, emails and social Medias for detailed information about business meeting, Regarding to service quality and social media the study indicated that the service quality of business meetings in five star hotels rated as excellent. Business meetings clients tend to exert a higher expectation of service quality in five star hotels. The role of marketing strategies such as social media on business meeting performance during COVID-19 in five star hotels is positive. The study pointed out that the highest average number of meeting before COVID- 19 was recorded in 2019 followed by in 2018 and 2021. The highest number of meetings during COVID-19 took place in 2021 and followed by in 2020 and 2017/18. Concerning the parameters that determine the efficacy of marketing strategies adopted by five star hotels in Addis Ababa the study pointed out that COVID-19 has negatively affected the hotel industry and has crippled the income earned. Based on the finding of the study the researcher recommends that five star hotels and other stakeholder should promote their service and products are available to customer with the enforcement of WHO and CDC regulations by using various social media platforms. Tourism Minister in collaboration with five star hotels and Addis Ababa Hotels association should conduct study to find-out alternative marketing strategies and understanding that is adopted by five star hotels and arrangement of business meeting during COVID-19. Identify appropriate mechanisms that can be employed in order to utilize alternative marketing strategies by five star hotels. Finally, five star hotels should organize and erect billboard or electronic display that exhibit service and products to customers in public area or in the place where easily seen to public with their effort to make their service area and products free from COVID -19 pandemic
Perceptions of Tourists towards Gastronomy Practices: In Selected Cultural Restaurants of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Gebreyes, Yordanos; Tefera , Tamrat (PhD)
This study was designed to assess perception of tourists toward gastronomy practice in selected cultural restaurants of Addis Ababa. The target population of this study was tourists. In order to conduct this study, mixed research approach applied. Purposive sampling techniques were used to determine sample size. Moreover, the tourist questionnaire survey and interview were used as a data collection instrument, whereas both primary and secondary sources of data were used to collect relevant data. In-depth interview for interview 10 restaurants workers from five cultural restaurants and 136 tourists for questionnaire survey were selected. Quantitative-led mixed methods of data analysis were used. The final result of this research was analyzed, interpreted and discussed by using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics the finding of the research revealed that the perceptions of tourists towards gastronomy practices are high. The study identified that the practice of gastronomy in the study area was accounted for more than 3.5 mean in all indicators. The benefit of gastronomy it scored above 3.5 Mean. Therefore, this shows that the benefit of gastronomy in the study to be high. This result also revealed that the perception of tourists towards the barriers to use gastronomic practice in the study area. Above all, there is a need to know all the concerned body with their relevant roles. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that awareness creation, role and responsibly in the study area
Practice and Challenges of Solid Waste Segregation in Addis Ababa City
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-02) Worku Adefris; Shimeles Damene (PhD)
Solid waste segregation has a critical role for effective waste management; however its implementation level in cities of developing countries including Ethiopia still remained at low level. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the practices and challenges of solid waste segregation in Addis Ababa city. To achieve the planned study objective data was generated through household survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The collected quantitative data were cleaned, encoded and statistically analyzed using a descriptive statistics method using SPSS while thematic analysis method was used to analyze and describe the qualitative data. The data analysis revealed that only 21.3% respondents reported that they segregate the solid waste frequently and about half 45.5% segregate solid waste rarely. Conversely, a considerable proportion 28.7% of the respondents reported that they don’t segregate the solid waste and the rest 4.5% respondents reported that they were not sure. This result implies that the solid waste segregation at household level was implemented through almost one-fifth percent of the total sampled of respondents that was correctly practiced while the majority of respondents were somehow practicing rarely on segregating the solid waste which could be considered as an opportunity to encourage the practice in the city. Moreover, the study finding also showed that the practice has been challenged by different factors like social, institutional and contextual aspects that can further be classified as negligence, budget scarcity and lack of training, and lack of guidelines, respectively. These all challenges have negative and statistically significant effects (chisquare test, P<0.05) on solid waste segregation. The Chi-square test showed that respondent’s sex, monthly income, marital status, home type, willingness, collecting materials availability, awareness and accesses to guideline of survey respondents were statistically significant (P <0.05) associated with solid waste segregation practice. Therefore, this tells that there should be a broad awareness creation to the general public to improve knowledge and attitude of dwellers, training program for dominant stakeholders and waste collectors for proper waste segregation practice, and allocating sufficient budget to support the practices with appropriate basic warnings, tools and equipments so as to improve solid waste segregation practice at the city level.
The Effects of Covid-19 on the Tourism Events Organized by Great Ethiopian Run
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Mahelet Tesfaye; Tesfaye Zeleke (PhD)
The occurrences of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak have posed a risk that dramatically affects the world and mainly the tourism industry and even in particular the event tourism. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to study the effects of COVID-19 on the GER tourism events in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were collected. In the primary data collection, 235 event participants and 30 employees were selected based on availability and completed the questionnaire. The major findings showed that concerning the social effect, more than 61.00% of the respondents were neither handing over their water bottles nor observed others doing the same during the race. Moreover, employees were very much worried, had a negative perception, and would like to minimize their interaction during the event as shown in the reported percentages of 80%, 73.33%, and 73.34% respectively. The outbreak has also brought a reduction in the number of participants from 80,000 to 31,000; resulting in a reduction of overall revenue from 25.65 million ETB in 2019 to 13.959 million ETB in 2020. Irrespective of all these, the GER office had not taken any effective measures other than canceling its events. It was not the case to consult stakeholders for alternative options. Moreover, the GER office has not received substantial support from stakeholders too on strategies to combat the effects of COVID-19. It can be concluded that COVID-19 has brought more economic effects as compared to the social effect as a whole on the organizers. It is recommended that the GER office should have considered virtual events and consulted various stakeholders for getting both professional and financial support.

Browse

Browsing Environmental and Development Studies by Subject "Addis Ababa"

Results Per Page

Sort Options