Browsing by Author "Temesgen, Busha (PhD)"

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    Analysis Of The Performance Of Horticultural Exporters In Ethiopia: A Logistics Perspective
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Fikru, Estifanos; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    The central focus of this study was to find out the effect of logistics activities on the export performance of the horticultural exporters. The study attempted to see the extent to which logistical activities are affecting the horticultural export industry. It has tried to find out good and poor practices of logistical activities in the horticultural export sector in Ethiopia. In the literature review, various books were consulted on the theoretical aspect. Each of the main logistical activities were explained in the theoretical literature review. As there were fewer researches conducted in the topic in relation to Ethiopian context, a limited number of related researches were taken as an example. The research method that was utilized in this study was qualitative by using in-depth interviews. Most of the respondents were experts, owners and managers who were operating in the industry for over a decade. In order to make the study complete and representative of all the subsectors, interviewees were selected from flower, vegetable and fruit exporters. An expert from the Horticulture exporters association was also involved in the interview. There were a significant improvement in Ethiopia in facilitating logistical activities. Even though, the horticulture export industry is small and young compared to other countries actively working in the industry, significant problems in the industry persist. Some of the highlighted problems in the industry were a lack of good quality packaging materials, lack of local ago-chemical suppliers and significantly high raw material prices. Other issue raised were lack of spare-parts necessary to maintain cooling systems along with qualified personnel, lack of reliable electricity supply in the country and limited flight to Amsterdam. Incapacitated state institutes running the horticultural industry were also one of the major problem highlighted by few interviewees.
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    Assesement On Container Handling Service Peractice And Its Afecting Factores
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Tigabu, Amare; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Previous studies published thoughts that dry port container handling service Practice can be affected by many factors and this study revealed that factors such as insufficient port yard equipment, dwell time, container cargo volume and truck turnaround time, custom clearance, limited storage capacity, poor logistics connections to hinterland and infrastructure directly influencing performance of container handling service in the port yard. Datche (2015) ,and Nyma (2014) This study has been tried to assess container handling practice and Its affecting factors at Mojo port and terminal. To undertake the study primary and secondary data had been collected secondary data is collected from mojo operational data base and the enterprise statistical bulletin publishes on ( 2011EFY) and primary data is collected using questionnaire survey that had been built taking into account all the considerations expected to be factors and contributors to performance of container handling service specially on container yard capacity , container dwelling time on the dry port , port machinery equipment productivity and availability , port infrastructure, custom processing time, of the dry port data will be Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. Further, customer’s perceptions were considered to assess Customer looking on the dry port container handling service time performance. A sample of customers, employee and custom employees at mojo port were selected using purposive sampling technique. In addition, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics research design approach Marczyket.al. (2005). The statistical methods of analysis included a descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, percentage) and text explanation , factors of analysis and the results are presented in different way, i.e.;- chart , graph, figures , table some other mechanism to show the real impact and factors of the variables on performance of container handling service. Finally we found from the study magnitude of the problem and gap , identify the real factor affecting performance of container handling service.
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    Assessing The Challenges Of Warehouse Management: The Case Of Habesha Brewery Share Company
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Aga, Eshete; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Warehouse management is a very critical part of the common activities in production firms, and there are a lot of challenges that come against its business profitability goal ; being focused on assessing the challenges of warehouse management, this thesis is designed as a case study, and both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied for data collection and data analysis purpose. Questionnaires were used to gather the quantitative data while interview was used to collect the qualitative data; the quantitative data is dominantly analyzed through percentage and the qualitative data is verbally explained. The findings of the study revealed that there were four challenging activities in the warehouse management of Habesha Breweries share company. Poor warehouse space utilization was one of the challenges. Regarding inventory management, product surplus and with their SKU, the use of an open yard for the purpose of storing different materials were the other challenges identified by this study; and finally, the study discovered that managing reverse logistics was challenging the warehouse’s speed and cost efficiency. Therefore, the study recommends that improving the warehouse’s space utilization, supporting the warehouse by better communication system that can enable it detect the external environment, giving priority to store safety and leaving the work of reverse logistics for third party can help it overcome the challenges.
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    Assessing the performance of Ethiopian Customs Commission in Reference to Import Trade Facilitation: Perspective of Wheat and Palm Oil Importer
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Girma, Tekeba; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    The latest reports designed to monitor and evaluate country’s performance on trade facilitation metrics revealed Ethiopia’s performance through Ease of Doing Business, Logistics Performance Index, Trade Facilitation Index, and Enabling Trading Index was at lower level. With this deprived status no studies had been conducted in Ethiopia on the limitation defined (most studies particularly focused on Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries). The main intent of this work was to evaluate the trade facilitation instruments proposed by World Trade Organization with the ongoing activities in Ethiopia’s import trade, thereby identifying existing gaps, assessing the overall consistency of the activities and delineate potentials for improving the business environment through prioritizing Trade facilitation measures. In assessment of this descriptive type of research and find solution for the problem the researcher used quantitative approach and presents the analyzed data through latest version of Statistical Package for Statistical Software 20 of semi-structured questionnaire collected from judgmentally selected 56 representatives of importers, Customs Clearing Agent and Ethiopian Customs Commission. The finding of the study revealed that the performances of Ethiopian Customs Commission in facilitating import trade have at deprived level. Among the indicators assessed appeal procedure, risk management, post clearance audit and authorize economic programs had implemented in better of other measures. The reasons indicated that the institution’s poor system on accessing information in all customs related matters, lack of transparency to involve public and stalk holders at their level of content and less concerns made to automate the formalities. Finally to enhance trade facilitation through Ethiopian Customs Commission the study recommended: the commission to establish a system which enable to consult on changes made through public media and efficiently designed website; furnish its website and feed any changes; design the program to implement automation system as prompt as possible and revitalize the existing system and transform it in best practice of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development or any succeeding countries.
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    Assessing The Strategic Sourcing Practice: The Case Of Ministry Of Agriculture, FDRE
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Bekabil, Kinfu; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Strategic sourcing is a very crucial part of Supply Chain Management Process. This research was conducted to analyze the level of strategic sourcing practice (measured in terms of effective procurement Planning, supplier development and management, stakeholders/user departments integration, and contract management), which is one part of strategic planning in Ministry of Agriculture. A descriptive research design was used to achieve the purpose of the study. From the total population of 205 a sample of 81 respondents were selected by employing stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the formal instrument of data collection. In addition to that interview was made for some selected respondents. A total of 81 questionnaires were distributed and all of them were filled and returned to make the response rate of 100 percent. These samples were drawn from the total population using stratified random sampling techniques. Moreover, the data gathering tools for this research were questionnaire, interview and document analysis. Data collected using these instruments were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Finally, the study revealed that there was low strategic sourcing practice (measured in terms of Effective Procurement Planning, Supplier Development, user department integration and effective contract management). And also it suggested that the level of strategic sourcing practices needs improvement in terms of effective and timely planning, using supplier management efficiently, by integrating user departments with procurement unit and strengthen contract management procedures in the case of Ministry of Agriculture as perceived from evaluation of the respondents reply.
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    Assessment of fleet management practices in bottled water companies and its implication for operational performance: case of Aqua Addis bottled water company - Asku Plc
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-09) Ambaye, Tsige; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Fleet management concerns with the management of a company’s vehicles which includes the purchase, maintenance, inventory, disposal and work scheduling with the main objective of to achieve efficiency and productivity for the organization. The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of fleet management practices on operational performance of Asku Plc, the ‘aqua addis’ bottled Water Company. This study attempts to see the impact of maintenance and repair, vehicles fuel management, vehicles tracking system and driver management and training on the operational performance of the company. The study has incorporated both primary and secondary source of data. The primary data was collected using questionnaire. Secondary data was collected from journal articles, internet website, annual report and magazines. Out of 117 total populations and 67 samples size 54 valid responses were collected. Descriptive data analysis method through the use of Statistical packages for social science (SPSS) version 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. Inferential statistics such as ordered logit model were employed in order to answers the basic questions. The study incorporates four independent variables in which all of them were measured on a 5-point Likert-Scale. Apparently, mean was used as a measure of central tendency. The results indicate that, operational performance of Asku Plc is strong by improving the fleet management practices. The study also found that all variables except drivers’ management and training have significant effect on operational performance of the business company. Fuel management and vehicle tracking system has positive impact on operational performance whereas vehicles maintenance and repair has a negative impact. Finally, the results on the conclusion entails us that the four research questions developed in this study were considerably rated all above average mean by the employees which actually indicates the organization fleet management practices are in a good manner. And also, the study recommends proper maintenance and repair, fuel management, vehicle tracking and drivers management practices in order to bring effective operational performance
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    Assessment Of Fleet Management Practices In The Case Of United Nations Selected agencies In Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-06) Abebe, Solomon; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Fleet management plays a very significant role as it manages the flow of goods along the supply chain and therefore helps in controlling supply chain costs. Fleet management systems describe the main characteristics of the various types of fleet management applications in use. Such areas include maintenance and repair, fuel management speed management, vehicle scheduling and routing, driver management and monitoring and tracking. The main objective of this study is to assess fleet management practice of the selected UN agencies found in Ethiopia. The study used descriptive research design and also used mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative data method. The data instruments of this study has incorporated both primary and secondary source of data. The target population for this study was mainly involved in fleet management department for the selected UN agencies in Ethiopia and the study used all the total population of the study with a total of 42 respondents was selected. Out of 42 total populations 34 valid responses were collected and analyzed. The researcher used statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS 20.0) for the data analysis and get the required analysis results for study. The researcher also presents the results by using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, charts, tables and other related statistical data presentation techniques. The major finding of the study indicates that, there are challenges in facing component failure and accident, problems of monitoring, tracking, routing and scheduling and lack of driver training program for the selected UN agencies. To conclude this study, there are no mechanisms of monitoring, tracking and routing of vehicle and no regular preventive maintenance and repair. The results indicate that the agencies should be considering the importance of monitoring, tracking and routing of vehicles in implementing current technology like GPS and should have used software technology to properly track vehicle movement for better decision making process.
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    Assessment Of Logistics Management Practice: Case Of Public Service Employees Transport Service Enterprise
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-01) Hailemicheal, Fadil; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    The purpose of this study is to assess logistics management practices in Public Service Employees Transport Service Enterprise (PSETSE). To address this study descriptive design method was employed and also mixed approaches were used. The total number of employees (65), from Public Service Employees Transport Service Enterprise (PSETSE) all employees from the Logistics and other departments were selected for the study. To gather data for the study questionnaire and interview for selected people have been used. Data obtained through questionnaire has been analyzed by using descriptive statics: mean and standard deviation were supported by SPSS 20.0 software version. Moreover, the data obtained using interview has been analyzed. There are so many various challenges in performing those logistics activity: Poor transportation and distribution management, lack of adequate and experienced staffs, poor customer service management pertaining logistics, lack of technology support/innovation, poor warehouse management frequent stock out and poor procurement have been found the major challenges of the enterprise that needs due attention. Despite the limitation, the study is believed to create awareness about the concept, principle and practices of logistics management in the case enterprise. Therefore, it has been recommended to the enterprise to take corrective measures such as to create the mechanism to check the satisfaction of customers regarding logistics practices, to integrate the activities of warehouse and procurement, to make transport system responsive to requests of logistics and other departments.
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    Assessment Of Medicine Reverse Logistics Management Practice In Selected Puplic Hospitals In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Misganaw, Wendwosen; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Reverse logistics is an important process that is often misunderstood. Reverse logistics can cause considerable cost, but provide numerous opportunities. Many organizations including health sectors do not understand the correct processes and procedures to follow and how to manage reverse logistics efficiently. The main purpose of the study was to assess the current practices of reverse logistic management of medicines in public hospitals under AARHB. The study was carried out based on the information from the primary data sources which was administrated using questionnaire and interview of the researcher and secondary data was through publications and regulations, and annual reports. The data was organized using SPSS and the results are presented in tables and figures. The analysis was done by descriptive analysis method. Thus, this study had provided recommendations for the improvement of the practice and also suggested for anybody who has an interest on the topic to use as baseline information for next research to make in depth study to assess the practice of medicine reverse logistics management in health sector in general in hospitals in particular. The findings revealed that the overall existing unfit medicines management practice in public hospitals with respect to collection, storage, transportation and disposal is poor. Based on the findings and identified challenges, the study put recommendations on what should be done and improved by all responsible bodies for proper management of unfit medicines. Therefore, implementing standardized storage and transportation of unfit medicines practice, Operational restructuring and Mobilization of resources, building interdepartmental integration and awareness creation were among the recommendations given to improve the performance level
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    Assessment of Pharmaceutical Logistics Performance the Case of Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Share Company
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-07) Halawi, Ezedin; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Logistics is part of the supply chain that plans, actualizes, and controls the practical, compelling stream and capacity of stock, organizations, and related data between the point of root and the point of utilization in organize to meet customers’ prerequisites. Logistics management is an integrating function, which coordinates and optimizes all logistics activities, as well as integrates logistics activities with other functions including marketing, sales manufacturing, finance, and information technology. Logistics is as old as organized warfare and, like war itself, has evolved considerably over time. Some changes, such as the introduction of new methods of transportation or new ways of obtaining supplies, have influenced logistics directly. Other changes have been indirect, the byproducts of the use of new techniques and weapons. The study aimed to assess the logistics performance of the Ethiopian pharmaceutical manufacturing share company (EPHARM) which is a pioneer in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Ethiopia.). Quantitative type’s research approach used to answer the research question. Descriptive study design and analysis was used in this study. Due to the small target population (56), it was decided to employ a census technique to gain insight on logistics performances. To achieve the objectives of this study the researcher employed secondary data sources. After the data was checked it was coded, entered and analyzed by using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The study shows that the customers’ response rate, the inventory and planning management, transportation, and supply management were inefficiently practiced. However the numbers of warehouses were enough to allow sufficient space, time utility and to accommodate the materials in proper and safe way. Finally the study recommended that the company should give due attention in properly implementing logistics activities for efficient delivery service, better inventory management and better supply of materials.
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    Assessment Of Pharmaceuticals Distribution Effectiveness: The Case Of Central Pharmaceutical Fund And Supply Agency
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-08) Zebene, Gulilat; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    The objective of this study was to assess the pharmaceutical distribution effectiveness at central Pharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency. To achieve the research objective the study employed a descriptive method and used quantitative research approach. Since the researcher target population was less than 100, total populations of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies storage and distribution directorate staffs were involved by using census method in the study. Accordingly 51 questionnaires were distributed, from which 44 questionnaires were properly filled and returned. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The major finding from the study was improper pharmaceutical arrangement, inconvenient warehouse floor for movement of goods, fire safety equipment is unavailable and inaccessible, lack of security controlling system in the warehouse are identified as the major gap of the Agency for pharmaceutical storage practice. Regarding inventory control practice, there is no common data base, among central, branches and health facilities, to share the information about available products, stock out items and any transaction of health commodity to assist decision makers. Based on the result it can be concluded that the information management practice of PFSA is very poor. Furthermore, the original quality of the products will be lost before they reach to the end user due to exposure of harsh environmental condition during transportation. Generally, the health care needs of the public do not satisfied by Pharmaceutical Fund and Supply Agency. Therefore, the researcher recommend that the logistics management information system shall be improved and integrated with the health management information system and stock management of health facilities to improve forecasting and quantification of pharmaceuticals
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    Assessment Of Pharmaceuticals Warehousing Practice: The Case Of Pharmaceuticals Fund And Supply Agency, Central Level, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-05-03) Alene, Habtamu; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    The purpose of this research was to assess the existing pharmaceuticals warehousing practices of Pharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency(PFSA). The researcher preferred to use a descriptive research type, which helps to use both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The target population was 51 employees from warehousing and distribution unit of the case company. Questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Then, the collected data were analyzed quantitatively so that percentages, frequencies, mean, and standard deviation were used, and the analyzed data were presented in tables. The results of the study revealed that respondents rated the company’s overall warehousing practices below moderate except the packing and shipping activity which is little bit better practiced. There are also so many various challenges in performing warehousing activities: lack of designated receiving area, shortage of material handling equipment, insufficient storage space and long searching time of customer order are the most common once. Despite the limitations of warehouse space, PFSA should categorize storage spaces into different zones so that the pharmaceuticaAddis Ababa University ls of different characteristics will be transferred to their specific locations and stored with in the zone which will significantly decrease the long searching time of items for customer orders
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    An Assessment Of Reverse Logistics: The Case Of Sur Construction Plc
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-08) G/hiwot, Solomon; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Reverse logistics is the management of the end life of product and has advantages like improvement of competitiveness, regaining values, positive environmental impact and better image for an organization. It is also a new field compared to conventional or forward logistics. As a result utilization of reverse logistics in organization like Sur Construction PLC to lesser compare to forward logistics. Some of the main problem of the company related to reverse logistics was absence of recovery like remanufacturing, lack of official management or formal return and controlling system for used materials and lack of proper disposal system in the organization simply consider all returns as scrap and forward to bid of second hand market. As result the thesis aim to assess reverse logistics in terms of its drivers, process, activities to identify the opportunities and challenges in the organization and provide practical remedy to the organization. The study applied descriptive research design and a sample of 66 was used to represent population of 200 and gathered both qualitative from stratified random sampling using probability proportional allocation from each stratum and quantitative data a applied both combination of convenience and purposive. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Microsoft-excel percentages, frequency tables, used to carry out those descriptive statistical analyses. The study found that the organization had the opportunity of massive used material generated from spare parts, tyre and other packages and scraps organized informally without proper documents and with mind setup of the second hand market and poor in recovering especially remanufacturing and disposal like land filling and incineration. The main challenges to adopt Reverse logistics in the company were top management commitment and management style, weak linkage with local manufacturing and wrong perception to local product (judge as poor quality). Finally, the researcher recommends to incorporate reverse logistics in the organization structure, waste material (that couldn’t recover) apply proper disposal method like land filling and incineration especially for those toxic materials like drained oil from thousands of construction equipment’s, and for better recovery (remanufacturing) either the company has to own its own remanufacturing workshop like recapping machine for tyre or form strong linkage with local manufacturer in addition to adjustment of workers mindset up to local products.
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    Assessment Of Warehousing Operation Efficiency And Effectiveness In Logistics Management Practice: The Case Of Berhan Bank S.C
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Fetene, Abdi; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    The study is aimed to make assessment of the warehousing operation efficiency and effectiveness in logistics management practices of Berhan Bank S.C. The study is a descriptive type which utilized quantitative and qualitative data. The researcher organizes face to face approach data collection methodology and. Both primary and secondary data were collected for this study. Primary data were collected with questionnaires and observation and analyzed quantitatively. As the number of employees in the office is below 100, the researcher of the study included the whole population in the study & used census sampling method. A total of 65 questionnaires were distributed to employees, 57 of it were filled and returned. Frequency and percentages were used to analyze the data with the application of SPSS 24 and presented in the table form. The finding of the study showed that the way Birhan bank S.C manages the warehouse operations is approximately good in terms of the five key efficiency and effectiveness indicators. Cost and time indicator of the efficiency and effectiveness shows that, the company should work more on the gaps observed from the study. The quality indicator of the finding indicates that, the company manages the warehouse operation to some extent but there are rooms to improve in some of the areas. However the employee’s expectation for productivity indicator is slightly good but the company needs to make an assessment on the employee’s basic knowledge and experience on warehouse management and takes necessary actions to improve this part. The warehouse working office seems to be overcrowded and this could affect the employee’s productivity in many ways and the company should make any office expansions that can create good environment for the employees. The study discovered that, among the five key efficiency and effectiveness indicators, the Asset management indicator in the company seems to be most valuable and should be given with high emphasis as its current status is poor. In order to achieve significant cost savings from minimized total cost of warehousing operations, the company should give attention to the warehousing function to be cost effective. Improved quality and response time as well improved cost and productivity and improved asset management practice can consequently improve the company warehousing operation efficiency and effectiveness as a whole.
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    An Assessment On Employees Perception Towards The Sourcing Practice In The Case Of Zamra Construction Plc
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-10-09) Berhanu, Tesfaye; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    As the company is performing in this dynamic and booming industry entertaining fierce competition with other similar organizations in the country having well planned and organized sourcing practice could be taken as a key strategic advantage so as to win competitor. And this study is conducted in attempt to access the sourcing practice that aid the implementation of cost effective and efficient sourcing activity both from local and international markets in terms of sourcing planning, sourcing performance management, supplier selection and related procurement activities carried on in the company. Due to the limited number of population which is less than 100 individuals, the study had employed census survey and a total of 68 questionnaires were distributed and used as the formal instrument of data collection but 53 of them were filled and returned which made the response rate about 77.94 % and of which all of them were found complete and hence qualified for being processed. The study findings have suggested that the sourcing practices is there but not well done in the case of Zamra construction plc. And as the perceived evaluation of the respondents show it has also revealed that, though all of the above mentioned dimensions of sourcing practices have statistically significant positive relationship with the overall operational performance and profitability of the company. Therefore it is recommended that Zamra construction plc should review its existing sourcing practices and make the necessary modifications and improvements on the sourcing planning, sourcing performance management, supplier selection and the procurement activities in order to benefit from implementing well organized sourcing practice in terms of improved quality, delivery time, reduced cost of goods and services and enhance the satisfaction of clients and internal customers.
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    Assessment on the Integrated Pharmaceuticals Logistics System Implementation: The case of Health Facilities in Halaba Special Woreda and City Administrations of Hawassa and Shashemene
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-10-08) Kindu, Agumassie; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Integrated Pharmaceuticals Logistics System is a single pharmaceuticals reporting and distribution system based on the overall mandate and scope of PFSA. It aims to ensure that patients always get pharmaceuticals they need. The objective of this study is to assess the implementation of integrated pharmaceuticals logistics system in meeting its objectives in selected public health facilities. Descriptive study design was used with a quantitative approach. Data were analyzed by using SPSS and presented in form of tables and graphs. Chi square and Fisher’s exact test of independence were employed to measure associations between some variables of interest. The study’s finding showed that 75% of the health centers are receiving their products through woredas. All hospitals get their program commodities directly from PFSA while only 57% of health centers reported that their program commodities are delivered by higher levels (PFSA, ZHDs or WoHOs). Overall availability in the facilities at the day of visit was found to be 93.3% while availability for all tracer items during the six months prior to the visit was found to be 82%. 65% of the health facilities reported that they are resupplied fully with the quantities they requested. Only 44% of HCs adhere to storage requirements while 83% of hospitals do. 44% of Health centers fulfill the allowable wastage rate (below 2%) while the wastage rate in 56% of the health centers was found to be between 2% to 8%. The study concludes that the overall implementation of the system was found to be fairly good in terms of its set objectives. However, much is left to be done if the system is to be full-fledged
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    Causes of Import Cargo Clearance Inefficiency in Ethiopia: The Case of Modjo dry port
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Asres, Sisay; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Ethiopia is a landlocked country that depends on neighboring countries for all its import and export trade. Djibouti port is one of the major entry and exit of the internationally traded goods. In order to facilitate the international trade, the Ethiopian government has embarked on developing dry ports in the hinterland. Modjo dry port is one of these dry ports and accommodates the majority of imports to the country. This effort of expanding the dry port can be taken as an encouraging step towards facilitating trade, but assessing and improving the service providing process is crucial. Some reports indicated that the cargo clearance process within the dry port is impacted by different obstacles and led to an inefficient cargo clearance system. This study aimed at assessing the causes of import cargo inefficiency in Ethiopia, the case of Modjo dry port. The objective of the study is to assess the reasons for cargo clearance procedural inefficiency of Modjo dry port and employed an explanatory method and used a qualitative research approach. Primary data were collected by distributing 95 survey questionnaires and 83 questionnaires responded, which means 87 percent successfully returned back. The collected data were first described by descriptive statistics and further analyzed using inferential statistics and also employed a regression models. The result of the findings specifically related to the document requirement, traceability of cargoes, border clearance time, application of risk management, and coordination of border agency; which are the major causes of import cargo clearance inefficiency in Modjo dry port. These showed that importers incurred unnecessary costs and cargo delay. Some of these problems should be solved by the Ethiopian Customs Commission and others in conjunction with the Ethiopian Maritime Affairs Authority to accommodate the function of all operations at the dry port.
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    Challenges Of Customs Clearing And Their Implication On International Trade In Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Muktar, Bahru; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Customs procedures, documentary requirements, inspection as well as general security issues can all severely hamper the timely movement of goods across borders. The main objective of this study was to identify the major challenges of customs clearing services to provide timely clearance of goods and their implications on international trade. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative research. The research design that was implemented for this study was descriptive where data obtained from respondents and secondary data collected from the concerned customs stations were recorded, described and analyzed. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of import and export clearance mainly depend on human resource management and development, cooperation and coordination, automation, customs valuations as well as customs risk management. The ranking by respondents showed customs valuation, cooperation and human resources and development are the forefront challenges of customs clearing. Finally the study recommended that the Ethiopian Customs Commission (ECC) should examine the overall system of risk management, human resource management and development, cooperation and coordination among customs and other government agencies, and customs valuation by considering priority area to be solved to speed up customs clearing and facilitate international trade.
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    The Challenges Of Dry Port Management And Its Effect On Import Goods Clearance: The Case Of Modjo Dry Port
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Zeleke, Elizabeth; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Ethiopia as a landlocked country has started constructing dry ports in its hinterland along the transit corridors; among the planned dry ports modjo dry port is the biggest. To gain the maximum benefit from this dry port, the efficient and effective performance of the dry port is very crucial and to do that it is important to identify major challenging factors which influence the performance of dry port management. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate challenges of dry port management and its effects on import goods clearance. To achieve the research objective, both descriptive and an explanatory research design was employed and used both qualitative and quantitative research approach. Stratified and purposive sampling technique was used as a sampling technique. Primary data were collected from importers, customs clearing agents, ESLSE employees and customs commission employees. Sample sizes of 280 questionnaires were distributed and 93.2% were filled and returned and 6.8% not returned. The data were infilled using the five point Likert-Scale while the Cronbach’s Alpha was used to check the data reliability of measurement scale. The relationship between independent variables (dry port management challenges) and dependent variable (import goods clearance) are cross-checked from Pearson correlation matrix. To predict import goods clearance from dry port management challenges, the multiple linear regression models were adopted. The analysis indicated that the independent variables explained 86.3% of import goods clearance process. Staff competence, physical infrastructure, customs services, warehouse condition and ICT have the greater positive influence on import goods clearance whereas ownership of dry port, bank document process and importer behaviour have no significant impact on import goods clearance. The result of the analysis indicated that, ICT, customs service’s, staff competence and importers behaviour are major challenges of modjo dry port management. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that recruiting skilled manpower and preparing work related trainings, investing on modern dry port physical and ICT infrastructure and rising the awareness of importers to collect their containers on time. Thus, further research needs to be conducted to address other challenges of dry port management that affect dry port performance
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    Customs Risk Management System in Addis Ababa, Kality Customs Branch Office
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-08) Girma, Meseret; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Customs risk management plays an important role an achieving countrywide objective by enabling customs to allocate their scare resources efficiently, undertake balanced control and legitimate trade. Similarly to achieve its objectives; Ethiopian revenue and customs authority has built its capacity and made business process reengineering program so as to collect enough revenue, facilitate trade, contribute for promoting investment, regulate and control illegal trade by changing the customs clearance procedure from physical inspection toward risk management . Ethiopian revenue and customs authority has undertaken an initiative to restructure the way the risk management is managed and the way targeting services are delivered. The establishment of a functional risk management team to direct the targeting program will ensure that it receives the guidance and support to become more effective and efficient. Despite of this move to modernization, most goods are subjected to high customs intervention and international trade of the country that hurt facilitation of trade. This study is launched to assess the customs risk management system in Ethiopian revenue and customs authority Addis Ababa kality customs branch in relation to risk management process, the infrastructure in risk management, compliance measurement, and risk based compliance management, collection of data and information and facilitation and control of customs risk management. This objective has been supported by review of various literatures in area of customs risk management. The study used descriptive research methodology and both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. To conduct the study both primary and secondary data were gathered from 50 Employees of the customs, and 39 clearing agents of the branch based on probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Interviews were also conducted from central and branch risk management team leaders. Secondary data were collected from Automated System for Customs Data System, proclamation, and so on. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. According to the findings, it is difficult to say there is effective implementation of custom risk management process; there is also a gap on supporting infrastructure; the requirement for compliance measurement is implemented in a good condition; Finally the study recommends that the risk management at the branch as well as the authority should implement all the customs risk management processes effectively and efficiently the compliance measurement system should depend on harmonized data system, the intelligence team access information beyond domestic sources, fulfill IT infrastructure, and develop the capacity of risk management officers through training.