Browsing by Author "Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)"
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Item Challenges and Opportunities of Teaching Signed Afan Oromo in Case of Sebeta Special Needs Education Teachers’ College(Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Shiferaw, Fikrte; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)Sign Language is a natural language used as a method of communication for deaf people in their day to day activities; Signed Spoken Language is also the other method of communication commonly used in our country to teach children with hearing impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges and opportunities of teaching Signed Afan Oromo in the case of SSNETC. To carry out the study, relevant literature review was made, and four tools of data gathering were employed. These were questionnaire for 3 rd year SNE students, interview for SAO instructors, SL class observation and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that the teaching-learning of SAO in the college has been hindered by serious challenges, the opening of the college, enrolment of deaf trainees are the main opportunity to learn SAO. Based on the findings it is possible to conclude that if the trainees couldn’t communicate effectively using Sign Language, it is difficult to them to give quality education and necessary support for deaf children at the grassroots level. Sebeta Special Needs Education Teachers’ College should give attention to SL teaching and facilitate training for all SL instructorsItem Current Practice on the Implementation of the Educational Rights of Children with Physical Disability in Addis Ababa: the Case of Menelik Ii Primary and Preparatory Schools(Addis Ababa University, 2014-11) Tilahun, Blen; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The purpose of this research is to examine the current practices on the implementation of the educational rights of children with physical disability in Addis Ababa by taking Menelik II Primary and Preparatory Schools. It specifically explore the level of awareness, the status of discrimination, the situation of availability and accessibility of different services and facilities like class rooms, pipe water, toilet rooms, library, laboratory etc. and the role of stakeholders in making the school environment accessible and comfortable for students using wheelchair. The researcher collects primary data from students using wheelchair, teachers, directors, PTSA and other relevant Governmental and NGO stakeholders. This research employed questionnaire, question guides, focus group discussion, field observation and photography were used to collect relevant data. The result indicates that wheelchair user students lag several years behind their age mates in accessing basic education. There is a problem in awareness mainly on students and society in relation to the educational rights of persons with physical disability. Besides there is a chronic challenge on accessing services and facilities like class rooms, pipe water, toilet, separate toilet for students with physical disability, library and laboratory. In order to create a harmonious school environment for students using wheelchair the research forwards conducting awareness raising training to the students, government officials, society etc, employ inclusive approach to involve students using wheelchair in decision making, working together to make school accessible, amend/revisit the existing CSO and develop different incentive mechanisms for those NGOs working on the educational rights of persons with disabilityItem Impact of intervention Strategies on the interpersonal behavior of children with conduct disorder: a Study of three cases in south west Shoa Zone, woliso town(Addis Ababa University, 2015-02) Hordofa, Addisu; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The major purpose of the study is to identify the impact of intervention strategies on the interpersonal behaviors of children with conduct disorder. The subjects of the study were three children selected from the children who were believed to have conduct disorder and supported in compassion organization at Woliso town and who come from relatively lower socio-economic status. Observation and interviews were data collection instruments used to collect data from children with conduct disorder, parents and teacher of the children. The result of the study shows that the appropriate use of intervention strategies as parent management training, solving school related factors, discussing with peer groups about the children and helping or supporting the children themselves to have a positive relationship with others have a positive impact on the interpersonal behaviors of children with conduct disorder. The intervention strategies reduced the interpersonal problems of the children with conduct disorder. And also the interpersonal behaviors of the children with conduct disorder were improved when compared with their own previous behaviors because of the applied intervention strategies. Family management training, solving school related factors, discussing with peer groups about the subjects are the effective intervention strategies for the children with conduct disorderItem Impact of Intervention Strategies on the interpersonal behavior of children with conduct disorder: a Study of three cases in South West Shoa Zone, Woliso Town(Addis Ababa Universty, 2015-02) Hordofa, Addisu; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The major purpose of the study is to identify the impact of intervention strategies on the interpersonal behaviors of children with conduct disorder. The subjects of the study were three children selected from the children who were believed to have conduct disorder and supported in compassion organization at Woliso town and who come from relatively lower socio-economic status. Observation and interviews were data collection instruments used to collect data from children with conduct disorder, parents and teacher of the children. The result of the study shows that the appropriate use of intervention strategies as parent management training, solving school related factors, discussing with peer groups about the children and helping or supporting the children themselves to have a positive relationship with others have a positive impact on the interpersonal behaviors of children with conduct disorder. The intervention strategies reduced the interpersonal problems of the children with conduct disorder. And also the interpersonal behaviors of the children with conduct disorder were improved when compared with their own previous behaviors because of the applied intervention strategies. Family management training, solving school related factors, discussing with peer groups about the subjects are the effective intervention strategies for the children with conduct disorder.Item Knowledge, attitude and behavior of blind and Deaf students about HIV/AIDS preventive Measures: The case of some selected schools in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2009-02) Wolde, Zewdu; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)This study investigated knowledge, attitude and behavior on HIV/AIDS among blind and deaf students in primary school of Addis Abeba City administration. Eighty-Four respondents participated in the study. The research adopted a descriptive survey research design. Eighty-Four students (40 blind and 44 deaf) participated in the study. Four hypotheses were postulated and tested. The main instrument use to gather data was HIV/AIDS Education inventory with reliability coefficient of 0.83. Student t-test methods at alpha level of 0.05 were used to analyze the data collected. The findings revealed that there were no significant differences in knowledge and behavior about HIV/AIDS prevention on blind and deaf students. On the basis of the positive outcome, the study further recommended some ways of improving the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS Education to be able to achieve the desired result among blind and deaf studentsItem The Practice of Center Based Early Intervention for Children with Intellectual Disability: The Case of Mekanisa Mekane Yesus Center For children and Adults With intellectual disability(Addis Ababa University, 2019-07) Bekele, Anna; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)Early intervention is very useful at every stage especially at the early stage of a child’s life; this is be-cause adequate program/management can be instituted on time. Early intervention services are designed to meet the needs of infants and toddlers who have a developmental delay or disability. However, thisstudy focuses on the practice of early intervention for children with intellectual disability through the provision of adaptive behavior skills training at Mekanisa Mekane Yesus center for children and adults with intellectual disability and it’s branch at kasanchis.The data were collected through interview, of two principals who served for 30 years in the center and the other principal who served in kasanchis branch for 15 years and five teachers one physiotherapist and five parents of children with intellectual disability and observation of teachers at actual time of adaptive behavior skill training for children with intellectual disabilityhave done by the researcher. Qualitative data analysis was employed to analyze the data. The result indicates the practice of early intervention, assessment and plan for early intervention types of adaptive skill training, parent’s participation on the provision of early interventionfor their children with intellectual disability, positive impact of early intervention on the life of children with intellectual disabil-ity as well as on the life of their parents. And also it indicated that children with intellectual disability received interventions through adaptive behavior skills training and vocational training. Finally, the study recommended parents participation, working with regular schools cooperatively working to create awareness regarding early intervention program for children with intellectual disability, concerned bod-ies in educational sectors should make the regular schools accessible for children with intellectual disa-bility and the center should work with regular schools cooperatively in order to solve the problem of chil-dren with intellectual disability. Key words children with intellectual disability, early intervention and adaptive behavior skill training for children with intellectual disability.Item The Practice of Inclusive Education in Some Selected Government Preschools of Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Abate, Meseret; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The aim of the study was to survey the practice of inclusive education in some selected government preschools of Addis Ababa. A descriptive survey research design was applied to identify the status of schools in practicing inclusive education in an early childhood setting. From 532 teachers 55 of them were purposely selected as sample respondents. Questionnaire were designed and administered for this purpose. Findings were the followings - there was interruption, for some implementation and participatory process in respect of the practice of inclusive education. the preschools do not provide assistive device in enough way. There is adequate light in the class room in the process of teaching and learning. And based on the summary of the findings this study concludes that implementation and participatory process are still in its infant stage the practice of inclusive education. Teachers have no sufficient skills like brail and sign language to teach SWDs in early childhood setting. Instructional materials and equipment are not easily acquired for meeting the needs of children with special needs in early childhood setting. So, it is better to enhance implementation and participatory process preschool clubs should have a room also for the disabled children. Short-term trainings on the special need should be conducted for preschool staffs. Rather than being dependent on additional support to recurrent budget searching for other alternative fund sources Key words: Inclusive education, early childhood educationItem The Practice of Rehabilitation Program in Cheshire (Menagesha Rehabilitation Centre) for People With Physical Disabilities(AAU, 2020) Kifle, Makda; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The objective of the study was to assess the practice of rehabilitation program in Cheshire (Menagesha Rehabilitation Center) for people with physical disabilities. To realize the purpose of the study, the researcher used qualitative research design with special employment of case study. A total of 32 participants were selected from rehabilitated members and staff members of the center by using purposive (non-probability) sampling method. After conducting interview, focus group discussion, observation and document review results were emerged from the empirical data. Based on the analysis, the steps to obtain the rehabilitation program include registration and appointment then assessment or examination by multidisciplinary team follows. Components of the program are basically divided in to Physiotherapy and social work service. Opportunities were identified to be; receiving surgical and medical treatments including basic educational and computer skills for free, Job satisfaction and adding up knowledge about rehabilitation, cleanliness of the center, new buildings and extension plan to broaden the service. Concerning challenges; insufficient human and material resources and unmet need of individual counseling, lack of human and material resources, little attention given to follow up, low family involvement, lack of commitment, high work load, no special need professional involvement, and lack of attention given regarding prevention of disability and collaboratively working with other responsible bodies were identified. Based on the findings recommendations are forwardedItem Provision of Academic Support to Low Academic Achieving Students Primary Schools in Dire Enchinni Woreda(Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Chala, Gurmessa; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)This study aimed at surveying provision of academic support to grade five low academic achieving students in 14 primary schools found in Dire Enchinni woreda. To realize objective of the study, the data were collected from 110 teachers, 62 parents, 120 grade five low academic achieving students, 14 principals using interview schedule, and focus group discussion held with 11 parents committee. Percentage and thematic data analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that academic support provided to the low academic achieving students is very low. This was due to low level of parental involvement in the school, parents’ low income, low educational level, rearing large number of children, students lack job opportunity after graduation, and parents’ lack of awareness about the value of education were found to be the major reasons for low level of support provided to students. In addition teachers lack commitment; large class size and focusing only on few support mechanisms were the other reasons for low support for the students. The study suggested that partnership of the parents and the school for the purpose of improving achievement and provision of support for low academic achieving students was crucialItem The Psychosocial Adjustment and Educational Achievement of Manjo Ethnic Minority Students in Two Schools of Bonga, Kafa Zone(Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Gebru, Kassahun; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial adjustment and the educational achievement of Manjo ethnic minority students intwo schools of Bonga.Even though numbers were used to show the academic performance of the students, qualitative method descriptive study was mainly used to meet the objectives of the study. Interview, observation, focused group discussion and document analysis were tools employed to collect necessary data. Fourteen students and six teachers totally 20 participants were selected using snowball and purposive sampling techniques. The finding of the study showedthatManjo students’ had negative perception towards non-ManjoKafa students and towards themselves. Also, some Manjo students had negative perception for non-ManjoKafa teachers. In addition, the result of the study indicated that the interpersonal relationship between Manjo and non-ManjoKafa students was poor and the relationship among Manjo students was strong. Moreover, the academic performance of Manjo students was poor when it compared with the performance of non-Manjo students. The study finally concluded that, Manjo ethnic minority studentswere poorly adjusted psychosocially and poorly performed academically. Open and respectful intercultural discussions, awareness raising efforts through religious and social organizations and using different techniques in curricular and co-curricular activities were some of therecommendations made to enhance the psychosocial adjustment and the educational achievement of Manjo students Keywords:psychosocial, adjustment,perception,achievementItem The Psychosocial Experiences of Orphan Children in Gog Woreda in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Gilo, Yousif; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychosocial experiences of orphan children in Pinyudo town in Gambella Regional State. The study employed phenomenological research design to describe common themes from the experiences that identify the phenomenon. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The participants of this study were orphan children between ages of 12-17 years. Data were collected using interview and FGD as tools. Interview was carried out with 12 orphan children from four Kebeles in Pinyudo town. Four male and eight female orphan children took part in the interview individually. During FGD sixteen orphan children participated in two groups in which each group composed of eight individuals. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the participants. Qualitative data analysis approach was employed. Data analysis process was done through five stages. First, bracketing units; second, delineating units of meaning; third clustering of units of meaning to form themes; fourth, summary of each interview was done; fifth, extracting general and unique themes from all the interview and composite summary was made. Trustworthiness was confirmed for ensuring the rigor of the findings by using comfirmability. Orphan children indeed have hostile psychosocial experiences. It was found that orphan children suffered worse psychosocial situations. Participants strongly reported grievances, sorrows, isolations, despondencies, mourning and overthinking both during and after death of their parents. Poor interpersonal experiences were highly observed from the participants. Orphan children’s perception of self-esteem was found to be low. Mistreatment by primary caretakers/surviving parents was strongly reported by a number of the participants. The present study has identified lack of psychosocial support from individuals, community governments and non-governmental organizations.x Coping mechanism orphans comprises both adaptive and maladaptive was of coping. And finally based on the findings and conclusions some recommendations were forwarded to the district where this study was conducted in: Orphan children should be provided with special child guidance and counselling program in Gog Woreda; Offering early warning of psychological condition at district level should be considered; The woreda (district) council should recruit qualified community social workers at district level to enhance interpersonal experiences and self-esteem of orphan children; Child psychologists should be employed in each Kebele of Pinyudo town to help orphans cope with orphan hood challenges; Government should recruit personnel who have the skills to assess psycho-social problems and provide counselling services to orphan children in need; Rule governing child protection should be effectively implemented to alleviate child abuse practices; and Community should establish an organization that should aim at supporting orphans children psychologically, socially and educationallyItem Social Skills Training for Children and Youth with Autism in NIA Foundation Joy Center(Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Ayele, Tigist; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The study aims to investigate the social skills training of children and youth with autism in Nia Foundation-Joy Center for Children with Autism. To accomplish this qualitative descriptive design was employed in order to investigate and describe the issue. The study area selected was Nia Foundation-Joy Center for Children with Autism in Addis Ababa. The number of participants involved in the study was 17. They were 2 administrators, 10 teachers and 5 parents. The administrators and teachers were selected with purposive sampling. The administrators were selected because of their relevance for the needed information and the teachers were selected based on their experience in teaching in the center. Participant parents were selected with availability sampling. The data collecting tools that used in the study were semi-structured interview and observation. The findings of the study show that the center had limitation in using variety of scientific social skills training types such as video modeling, social stories, superheroes, and peer training. The center also had limitation in using technologies specifically to give social skills training. The teachers are not enough qualified in the education and training of children with autism. The center has good strategies to work with parents. Based on the major findings of the study, it is recommended the center to improve the social skill training by using different scientific methods as well as by using available and cost effective technologies as well as governmental and nongovernmental organizations have to support the training and education of children and youth with autism in different possible waysItem The Trends and Practices of Accommodating Students with Disabilities in National examinations of Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Mitiku, Wondwosen; Achaw, Tilahun (PhD)The main purpose of this study was to assess the trends and practice of national exam accommodation for students with disabilities and suggest the necessary recommendations. The study used descriptive design as a research design to explain the current trends and practices of national exam accommodation To this end, 11 officials at National Educational Assessment and Examination Agency and 127 students with disabilities were selected using purposive and random sampling respectively. With regard to data gathering instrument, questionnaire, semi structured interview and FGD were used to collect data from the participants. Accordingly, the data obtained from different sources were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The result obtained revealed that the existing practice of national exam accommodation for students with disabilities in our country is not up to the standard. The Agency does not give much attention for the issue of students with disabilities in national examination especially for students with hearing impairments and physical disabilities, The extended time accommodation provided for students with visual impairments and hearing impairments are not in legalized way there is no specific time to be added that is agreed and ratified by experts in Agency and most of the time it depends on the will of the invigilators and supervisors at the exam centers, There is no national policy implementation guideline that deals about accommodation of national examination for students with disabilities and the existing manual also does not address the issue of all students with disabilities indeed, it deals about the compensation subject for students with visual impairments, and there are many challenges that hinder the implementation of national exam accommodation for students with disabilities among these absence of clearly formulated policy implementation guideline regarding exam accommodation is the big challenge that hinders the implementation of national exam accommodation for students with disabilities Finally, possible recommendation had been forwarded based on the findings