Tropical Veterinary Medicine

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Browsing Tropical Veterinary Medicine by Author "Abebe, Professor Getachew"

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    Serologlcal and Parasltologlcal Survey of Dourlne (Trypallosoma Equiperdum) in Selected Sites of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2005-06) Hagos Ashenafi; Abebe, Professor Getachew
    The present stud} wa~ conducted rrom August 2004 to Apnl 2005 \\ L1h Iht: ObJccll\e~ IIf dctemumng. the prevalence, extent and d istribution 0 dourine III horses and IO\CSlIgaling occurrence of cllmeal cases 3S well 3S carner st:ltes of donkey .. and mules III the Arst- B:llc Illghla nds. At the same time a longLtudmal study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the Isomet::mudlUlll chlonde ( ISMM) Hnd DlITu nazenc acetumte (I)I~ I ) III Iht treatment of chmcal cases of dou rine. An IIlvcs ligalion was also conducted encom p a~Slllg cluesttonmure nnd serological survey on the presence of dOUrine in adjacent geographic"l areas of the Ar<;I-Ha1c highlands and other sclected parts of the country with lugh equlOe population, The stud) methodology was based on quest ionn:lIrc, serological. climeal and pa rasitological s urve~, The questionnaire survey indicated thai dourine, locally known, as " Lappessa" or "DirrC$sa·· is a major health problem of equines in the Arsi-Bale highlands Though, dourine 1<; a common clinical case through Qut the year, it has a seasonal character. \\ hieh most commonly occur" following Ih t' breeding !;l'aSOIl from Junc to late September. SOIllC!ltne~ a <;('coml peak IS observcd III Ihe dl) seasons of the ~ car (March to t>. or any other haemopara~l1c~ could be detected in all cxanllned Glemsa stained smears (th in blood. gell ital di sc harge and ti~l;uC fluids) as well as In blood samples by mil CT. All the puppIes Inoculated \\lth blood samrk~. gellll.tl washes and oedcmalOUS nUids remained parasl1ologicall) Ilegau\e. Diffe rent charactcri stic clinical signs of dourinc were observed in clilllcally ~Ic k horses of both sexes. The prominent clinical signs observed as genital fom) of the disease mclude vagmal dl:.chargc mallll~ of mucopurulent type "ilh foul odour. oedema lind presence of deplgmcn ted ..,cars 0\ ('1' till' o,:)'lernal genita lia, oc,icmu of Ihe <;cro ltlm and prepuce aecomp:llllcd by pn:pucl.:t1 ali \\ell .h urethral dIscharge and ukl'rallon of the genital mucosae mlllnl~ nf the- pen tie In hoth "'C\l' ~ . lamencs~ in one or both leg ... panml dr;tgglng and slIffnc"s of thl' lund Icg~ and Itlcoordtnilth)n \H·r~· lhc dominant sign .. nbscrvo.!d ,I ~ nervous form of lhe dl ~CIl<; C viii Horses with different ehOlcal signs of doun nl! were categonsed Into one of the followi ng fi\e grou[ls based on the cl llllcal findings ApparcllIly healthy (4681. non-spccliic signs like emaciat ion ilnd weakness (69); genital fonn (30); nervou, fonn 01 [15) and both gCTll1ul .lnd nervous forms of the disease (67). Fifty-four horses with hi gh pCrtenl:lge [lO!.I U\,II)' fOl the mdlrect anllbody ELISA and mneleen horses wllh strong agglullnallun reactlOTlS having end IIIfe of 1.32 for both CA l-r and LATEX tests belonged to the liw of th ... dlffeT1:nl dUlleal group~ ChI-square analysIs of the distributi on of anImals. claSSIfied liS C) tlWf POSIII\ e llr negative 011 Ihe basis ofallthi." three teSts. in the clull eal grou ps demonst rated a stat l<;tltally slgm fi cn nt difference between groups. with stratum specific prevalence of posiuvc ammai<; mcrca!'llllg with IncrcaslIlg severity of clmieal sign .. (p of I SM~1 and Dl:V1 III selected serologically poslI1\·e clinical cases of Cou nnl.' 111 A<;as<;a dl !'llTh:l of the Ar!') hlghl.lIlds A lot.11 of 24 adull 10e:11 horses were divided InlO ~ group, of cq11al number I'CV k\ cl. eos!l1opllll cou nt, body temperature, serological sWt u". unrf\)\emcni of the C'I' tlllg clinical !'Ilgn~ Jnd bod) w ndition ~Cl)rc \\ en: moni tored tWIce m 10 d):" 1I1Ienal fClr a penod til 40 dll) ~ rhe results IIldu:ated that mean ]leV, eosinophil counts and t>"dy Icmperaturl' impw\ ed in both J S\ I~I and D I ~I treated group during the 40 days pOSt tr(';ll meni penod A ~ Ia nsth:,ill ~ significant Increase in PCV and body temperature was observed ~1.lrIlIIg frOlll the day 10 (P kilO .... n ende miC fOCI of the ArSI-Ualc hIghlands of I:thIOPI:l ,\llhough thcre wa~ no d,rect detection of T C'qU/f)('rdllfll, there IS 'mong eVidence Ihal dounne IS highly pre\:llclll, mo,t Important problem LIl the Arsi- llaic hIghlands. where the Slluatlon IS gellorse \\ Llh the preo;cOI spreading trend to areas previously known as free of the disease. neces,"alC~ urgent nallonal controllntcnCnllon