Serologlcal and Parasltologlcal Survey of Dourlne (Trypallosoma Equiperdum) in Selected Sites of Ethiopia
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Date
2005-06
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Addis Ababa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Abstract
The present stud} wa~ conducted rrom August 2004 to Apnl 2005 \\ L1h Iht: ObJccll\e~ IIf
dctemumng. the prevalence, extent and d istribution 0 dourine III horses and IO\CSlIgaling
occurrence of cllmeal cases 3S well 3S carner st:ltes of donkey .. and mules III the Arst- B:llc
Illghla nds. At the same time a longLtudmal study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the
Isomet::mudlUlll chlonde ( ISMM) Hnd DlITu nazenc acetumte (I)I~ I ) III Iht treatment of chmcal
cases of dou rine. An IIlvcs ligalion was also conducted encom p a~Slllg cluesttonmure nnd
serological survey on the presence of dOUrine in adjacent geographic"l areas of the Ar<;I-Ha1c
highlands and other sclected parts of the country with lugh equlOe population, The stud)
methodology was based on quest ionn:lIrc, serological. climeal and pa rasitological s urve~, The
questionnaire survey indicated thai dourine, locally known, as " Lappessa" or "DirrC$sa·· is a
major health problem of equines in the Arsi-Bale highlands Though, dourine 1<; a common
clinical case through Qut the year, it has a seasonal character. \\ hieh most commonly occur"
following Ih t' breeding !;l'aSOIl from Junc to late September. SOIllC!ltne~ a <;('coml peak IS observcd
III Ihe dl) seasons of the ~ car (March to t>.<lay), which prob.lbly as~ocmted v,lIh relapse III
pre\ tOllsly Infecli:d and recovered cal;cs due 10 stressful \:ondlllol1" of I('ed sh~rl a gc Of ('~9
hor .. ,: I;en! tested for the detection of ':l!ltibodies agai nst T ~'Clllllh.,.dlllll. rc\calcd a scrnposlIl \ c ..,f
IS .. (28.35°;' ), 161 (24.81 %) and 125 (19.26(1/0) for CA [1. L/\ rEX and I: LlSA !C~h.
rcspcctl\'cl~ Ri sk factors with sigmfic ant association to douflne \\erc partly numbcr, pre\I011'
history of abortion and body condlli on sco rc. No trypanosome,> or any other haemopara~l1c~
could be detected in all cxanllned Glemsa stained smears (th in blood. gell ital di sc harge and ti~l;uC
fluids) as well as In blood samples by mil CT. All the puppIes Inoculated \\lth blood samrk~.
gellll.tl washes and oedcmalOUS nUids remained parasl1ologicall) Ilegau\e. Diffe rent
charactcri stic clinical signs of dourinc were observed in clilllcally ~Ic k horses of both sexes. The
prominent clinical signs observed as genital fom) of the disease mclude vagmal dl:.chargc mallll~
of mucopurulent type "ilh foul odour. oedema lind presence of deplgmcn ted ..,cars 0\ ('1' till'
o,:)'lernal genita lia, oc,icmu of Ihe <;cro ltlm and prepuce aecomp:llllcd by pn:pucl.:t1 ali \\ell .h
urethral dIscharge and ukl'rallon of the genital mucosae mlllnl~ nf the- pen tie In hoth "'C\l' ~ .
lamencs~ in one or both leg ... panml dr;tgglng and slIffnc"s of thl' lund Icg~ and Itlcoordtnilth)n
\H·r~· lhc dominant sign .. nbscrvo.!d ,I ~ nervous form of lhe dl ~CIl<; C
viii
Horses with different ehOlcal signs of doun nl! were categonsed Into one of the followi ng fi\e
grou[ls based on the cl llllcal findings ApparcllIly healthy (4681. non-spccliic signs like
emaciat ion ilnd weakness (69); genital fonn (30); nervou, fonn 01 [15) and both gCTll1ul .lnd
nervous forms of the disease (67). Fifty-four horses with hi gh pCrtenl:lge [lO!.I U\,II)' fOl the
mdlrect anllbody ELISA and mneleen horses wllh strong agglullnallun reactlOTlS having end IIIfe
of 1.32 for both CA l-r and LATEX tests belonged to the liw of th ... dlffeT1:nl dUlleal group~
ChI-square analysIs of the distributi on of anImals. claSSIfied liS C) tlWf POSIII\ e llr negative 011 Ihe
basis ofallthi." three teSts. in the clull eal grou ps demonst rated a stat l<;tltally slgm fi cn nt difference
between groups. with stratum specific prevalence of posiuvc ammai<; mcrca!'llllg with IncrcaslIlg
severity of clmieal sign .. (p<O.OOl). The concordance between (CATT and l:.LlSA) and (LA"' EX
lind ELISA) test resulls were 64.80% and 6960%, respec tivei) . rhe ... appa st;IIISIlC between the
lests ind ica ted substant ial agreement where 125 sera tested pOSltlVC and 435 "era tested negat ive
in CATT and ELISA tests and with 125 sera tesled posi tive and .!50 .,era tem'd negau\ e III
LA TEX and I:LlSA ' est~ . A 10ngitudlll:J1 study was carried OUt to a~~\!~<; the therapeutic actl\ 11>
of I SM~1 and Dl:V1 III selected serologically poslI1\·e clinical cases of Cou nnl.' 111 A<;as<;a dl !'llTh:l of
the Ar!') hlghl.lIlds A lot.11 of 24 adull 10e:11 horses were divided InlO ~ group, of cq11al number
I'CV k\ cl. eos!l1opllll cou nt, body temperature, serological sWt u". unrf\)\emcni of the C'I' tlllg
clinical !'Ilgn~ Jnd bod) w ndition ~Cl)rc \\ en: moni tored tWIce m 10 d):" 1I1Ienal fClr a penod til
40 dll) ~ rhe results IIldu:ated that mean ]leV, eosinophil counts and t>"dy Icmperaturl' impw\ ed
in both J S\ I~I and D I ~I treated group during the 40 days pOSt tr(';ll meni penod A ~ Ia nsth:,ill ~
significant Increase in PCV and body temperature was observed ~1.lrIlIIg frOlll the day 10
(P<O.OI) and a hIghly Signi ficant van anon (1'<0.001) was observed al the cnd of the expenment
The re W:l:. a marked unprovcmclU In thc cxi stlllg clinical Sign:. and h'd: (undman score of Ihe
study anl1nals under the ISMM and DIM groups as compared 10 control ;trHl11als withm the 40
days pOSt trcatmelll follow up lime. All Ihe study animals remained ,erolog lcally posit IV," fO/
bOlh CATT and LATEX tesls Ihroughout the 40 days of the study Tll'nod The occurrence of
active cltntcal cases of dourine in two donkeys as well as serological ~arn cr ,taIeS In 11 donkey ...
and 5 mule<; \.erc al so observed Serological as well as qucslionn:m..: r-:l"ed 'llrVC)' ..:onducted LII
V;lnOU5 representatlvc S1le <, of Ilk' cou nt ry as to the occurrence of dllUrt!W re\ ell led the prc<;(' Il(e
oflh\! dl sea' e III Urag:1 and Shashcllll'llC districts ufthe Ol'Ol11ly:l RCghl!\ ,Inu '\rbeguna distill! III
the SNNPRS (5mnhern ' alloll, N:lti onallllcs and Pcople Regional 51,\11.'\
"
Ilus IS the lirst report to establish the occurrcnce 01 dOUrine outside 01 the prc\lousl> kilO .... n
ende miC fOCI of the ArSI-Ualc hIghlands of I:thIOPI:l ,\llhough thcre wa~ no d,rect detection of T
C'qU/f)('rdllfll, there IS 'mong eVidence Ihal dounne IS highly pre\:llclll, mo,t Important problem LIl
the Arsi- llaic hIghlands. where the Slluatlon IS gellorse \\ Llh the preo;cOI spreading trend to
areas previously known as free of the disease. neces,"alC~ urgent nallonal controllntcnCnllon
Description
Keywords
I)o.tnnc. Tnpuflo$oma f'qulperdllm. r\ n , l-\ TI X. 1- LISA. l-,hloJu.a