Anatomy

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Browsing Anatomy by Author "Afework, Mekbebk (PhD)"

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    Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic Toxicity of Aqueous Leaves Extracts of Maytenus Gracilipes Celastraciae (kombolcha) on Some Blood Parameters and Histopathology of Liver and kidney in Swiss Albino Mice
    (Addis Abeba University, 2015-08) Ayele, Mengistu; Afework, Mekbebk (PhD)
    Human beings use plants for the purpose of disease control and prevention. Maytenus gracilipes celastraciae is a plant having vital traditional medicinal values for treating several human ailments such as for headache, epilepsy, allergic, peptic ulcer, cancer and immflamations. The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxic effects of aqueous leaves extracts of maytenus gracilipes celastraciae (kombolcha) on some blood parameters and histopathology of liver and kidney in mice. LD50 was determined. The thesis was carried out in Addis Abeba University, College of Health Science, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy (Histology Laboratory).The study was conducted from May, 2014 -July, 2015.The aqueous leaves extracts of M.gracilipes were employed in swiss albino mice in single oral dose for acute study and repeated oral dose for subchronic study. The LD50, of aqueous extracts of Maytenus gracilipes was found to be 10,000 mg/kg body weight. In the Subchronic study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 700 and 2100 mg/kg/day for 90 days . Body weight, biochemical and hematological parameters were determined at the end of the 90 days of daily extract administration. In sub chronic toxicity study daily oral administration of aqueous extract at 700 and 2100 mg/kg body weight/day did not result in death or significant changes in body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters. Studies on Histopathological examination of selected organs (liver and kidney) showed normal architecture suggesting absence of morphological disturbances. However, at 700 mg/kg body weight liver showed pyknotic nuclei and at 2100mg/kg some cellular infiltrates near the central vein and portal region, where as, in kidney peritubular infiltration and focal mono nuclear leukocytic infiltration was observed at higher dose. Key words: Maytenus gracilipes, Aqueous extract, acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, Histopathological studies.
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    Evaluation of the Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Leaves of Moringa Stenopetala on Some Blood Parameters,and Histopathology of Thyroid Gland, Pancreas and Adrenal Glands in Rats
    (Addis Abeba University, 2015-08) Debela, Lemessa; Afework, Mekbebk (PhD)
    Moringa stenopetala is a plant having vital traditional medicinal value used in human as anti malarial, antihypertensive, anti diabetic and antispasmodic herbal medicine and also has high nutritional value. This study was carried out to investigate the acute and sub-chronic toxicities of aqueous extracts of leaves of M. stenopetala in rats. Changes on body & organ weight, behavior, and gross pathology were investigated. Biochemical, blood parameters, lipid profiles and histopathology of the thyroid gland, adrenal gland and pancreas were also studied. In acute toxicity study, the rats were randomly divided in to four groups (3 rats/group) and the experimental group received 500, 1000, 3000 and 6000mg/kg of the extracts, while the control group received distilled water orally by gavages. In subchronic toxicity study, the experimental rats were randomly divided into three groups 6 rats/group for female and 4 rats/group for males. The experimental group in both sexes received 500 and 1500mg/kg of the extract in group I and II respectively, whereas the control group received distilled water for 90 days once daily. After 90 days of administration of the extract, the rats were anesthetized by diethyl ether then the blood samples were collected and the rats were scarified and the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and pancreas were removed, fixed, processed and stained for histological examination. In acute toxicity study, rats treated with up to dose of 6000mg/kg body weight showed no toxic signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight .In the sub-chronic toxicity study treated rats showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, hematological (except slight decrement in WBC & platelets, p>0.05) and biochemical parameters (except organ & body weight increment p>0.05), thyroid function test (except increment in TSH & T3, decrement in T4) as compared with control rats. Lipid profiles also showed changes but not significant statistically. There were no significant difference in the gross and histopathology of the thyroid gland, adrenal gland and pancreas of the experimental rats as compared to control group. These results show that the aqueous extraction of M.stenopetala did not produce adverse effects in experimental rats after acute and sub-chronic treatment. Increment in TSH level might be due to the effect of the plant extract on hypothalamus, but change in T3 & T4 is related to its effect on the gland. Key words: M.stenopetala, Toxicity, aqueous extract of leaves of M.stenopetala, TMP