Social Anthropology

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Browsing Social Anthropology by Author "Adugna, Fekadu (PhD)"

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    Customary Conflict Resolution among the Haro Limmu Oromo of Northwest Wallaga: The Case of Qaalluu Institution
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Ebsa, Gonfa; Adugna, Fekadu (PhD)
    This study deals with the customary institution of conflict resolution among Haro Limmu Oromo of Northwest Wallaga with particular emphasis on the role of qaalluu institution. The functions that Oromo indigenous religious institution service for the society other than religious purpose have rarely been treated in Oromo literature. Thus, this thesis aims to fill this gap by examining the role of qaalluu institution in conflict resolution and its interaction with other customary institutions and the formal institution in the area. To realize the intended objectives, the study employed qualitative approach. Important data for the study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected using instruments such as semistructured in-depth interview, observation, focus group discussion and case study. The data collected from both sources were organized thematically and analyzed qualitatively. The findings of the study reveal that economic and socio-cultural factors are the major causes of conflict. Land related conflicts such as conflict over land ‘ownership’ right, claiming tracts of adjacent farmland, grazing land and inheritance are the main causes of conflict related with economic interests. Other causes of conflict like breach of agreement, false witnesses and marital conflicts which are associated with either socio-cultural or economic factors are also prevalent. The study demonstrates that diverse cases of civil and criminal matters among the Haro Limmu Oromo are resolved at customary institutions according to the long lived customary and religious laws. Qaalluu institutions play a very important role in conflict resolution and reconciliation. In spite of massive conversion of the people to the modern religions, especially Protestantism, qaalluu institution continues to serve as a setting of conflict resolution for the society regardless of their religious and ethnic backgrounds. The regular court hearing sessions of every Saturday and Sunday continue to resolve various cases ranging from simple to complex that come from broad geographical areas. The study also showed that the rationale behind persistence use of qaalluu institution for conflict resolution is deeply rooted in the effectiveness of the institution in dealing with conflicts
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    Land Registration and Certification in Meskan Woreda, Snnprs: Process, Status and Challenges
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Amsalu, Melkamu; Adugna, Fekadu (PhD)
    This thesis examined the process of the second level rural land registration and certification in Meskan woreda,Gurage zone in SNNPRS. Focusing on the procedures followed, management of communal lands and rights of women and vulnerable groups during the process, data was collected using key informants interview, case study and document review. The theoretical framework which deals with the political economy of land in Ethiopia and the conceptual model comprised of legal and policy framework, institutional capacity and land registration and certification (in terms of input-throughput-output model) used to guide this research. The results of the data analysis shows that land registration and certification in the woreda is being guided by the Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation No. 110/2007 and Regulation No. 66/2007of SNNPRS in accordance with the national land policy. The findings showed that the extent of distributed certificates is less than half of the registered parcels in the woreda. It was understood that, certificate distribution couldn't exceed 45.3% of the registered parcels due to financial and technical constraints. Since there is no trend of recording transactions on holdings in the woreda, as time goes on, the credibility of the certificates that will be produced for the remaining parcels will largely be compromised. Even if the process followed clear procedures in some kebeles, the rush to grant certificates without clearly addressing the requirements of each procedure have resulted in post certificate complaints by landholders in the others. Unlike the case in monogamous marriages, which provided the right for women to have equal share of their possession with their husbands, the certification process in polygamous marriages is in favor of the men. Since men in polygamous marriages were registered either as first or second holder with both/all of their wives, and the women were registered as first or second holders on their respective holdings, it provided the men to have a share on all of their possessions while it has restricted each woman's share to limited possessions. In addition, lack of recorded boundary information on communal land that may serve as a reference to the registry staff, has induced communal land encroachment in the woreda. Finally, lack of awareness and less bargaining power have restricted some of the elders, orphans and disabled persons from participation in the process and even who got the certificates were abused either by their guardians or those who involved in land rent or share cropping
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    Migration Decisions and Experiences: A Study of Migrants from Sekela Woreda West Gojjam to Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-07) Yoseph, Fikremariam; Adugna, Fekadu (PhD)
    The main objective of the study is to examine the socio-cultural context in which the decision to migrate are made and migrants experience focusing from Sekela Woreda to Addis Ababa. More specifically, the study attempted to identify kind of ties migrants maintain at the destination and previous place of residence as well as examine what factor initiates the aspiration to migrate and who influence the migration. To attain these objectives, the study accessed both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data was collected in the field occupied a central place in my study. My fieldwork was period divided into (i) in-depth interviews with 30 migrants and one focus group meetings with five participants. The actual sample size varied on the number of migrants available in each neighbor located at Lafto, Mebrat hile, and Kera areas but a total of 30 migrants have been participated. The study found that Migrants made a decision for moving to Addis Ababa due to a social network to enhance economic wellbeing which encompasses employment and better wage. The ability to adopt migration as an alternatives was affected by the degree of social inclusion/exclusion, reflected in access to someone they know at their destinations. These networks channel migrants to specific selective jobs in the city and in turn force migrants to forge Kinship/Origin group networks. Since the network is heavily Kinship/Origin based, it is restricted to a narrow scope of contacts often within a certain sector of the economy, it offers migrants few social connections and therefore limits their upward social mobility