Food Security Studies

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Browsing Food Security Studies by Author "Abi PhD, Meskerem"

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    Contribution of Small Scale Irrigation on Household Food Security in Hidhabu Abote Woreda, North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Demisse, Ifa; Abi PhD, Meskerem
    The overall objective of this research is to examine the contribution of small-scale irrigation on household food security in Hidhabu Abote Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A three stage sampling procedure was employed to draw 212 sample households head (97 irrigation users and 115 non-users) from three kebeles of the study woreda. The kebeles were selected using simple random sampling technique and farmers living in the kebeles were first grouped into two strata (users and non-users), and the study households were randomly selected. The necessary data were collected through household surveys, field observations, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. To analysis data both descriptive and econometric statistics were employed. Binary logistic regression and ordered logistic regression were used to determine factors affecting the decision of households to participate small scale irrigation and determinants of household food security respectively. Furthermore, Household Food Balance Model was applied to calculate the food security status of households. The binary logistic result revealed that education of household head, family size, off farm, credit and training positively affect households participation in small-scale irrigation. In contrast, farm plot distance to water source of the household head negatively affects the decision to participation. The food security status of sampled households were classified into four such as food secured (109), mildly food insecure(0), moderately food insecure(33)and severely food insecure(70) by using Household Food Balance Model. The result of ordered logistic regression revealed that sex, livestock holding, cultivated land size owned and food aid contributed significantly and positively to food security status, while family size had a significant and negative effect on food security status in the study area. Furthermore, the result of the Household Food Balance Model shows that about 51.41% irrigation users were food secured (>2100kcal) while only 46.08 % of none irrigation users were food secured. The study conclude that small scale irrigation participation has outstanding contribute to household food security status. Finally, the research recommended that training, expanding education; developing ponds, spring and water harvesting for irrigation, and giving credit access for female household heads to improve households on irrigation participation. Similarly, encouraging women household, family planning and giving more attention on livestock raring to improve food security status of the sampled household.
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    Contribution of Soil and Water Conservation Practices to Improve Households Food Security in Sululta Wereda, In Oromia Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Assefa, Addis; Abi PhD, Meskerem
    The objective of this study was investigates the contribution of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) and its impact on food security Sululta wereda, in Oromia region. The necessary data were generated principally from primary and to some extent secondary sources. The primary data was obtained through household surveys with 120 households from the three kebeles using a systematic sampling method, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used. In this regard, multinomial regression model was put in place to explore determinants of participation on soil and water conservation practices. Eventually, ordered logistic regression was deployed to examine the impact of watershed management interventions through soil and water conservation on agricultural production and food security status of households. The result indicated that SWC showed positive impact on agricultural productivity and food security. SWC measures traditional water-ways, traditional ditches, contour ploughing, reduced tillage, intercropping, soil bunds, terraces, cut-off drains and waterways were significantly related to productivity. Moreover, the results of the study shows that households participating on all conservation practices are better to be food secure. According to the multinomial logit results, SWC measures are positively related with sex of the household head, education, family labor, farming experience, chemical fertilizer, and distance from home to nearby market, extension services. But age, family size, land size, land certificate and market access has negative and significant relation. Increased infrastructures, services and effort along with both the traditional and introduced SWC conservation activities are key recommendation in improving production efficiency and food security are stemmed out of the study.
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    The Contribution of Sustainable Land Management Practices and Participation of Farmers to Households Food Security in Tarmaber Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
    (2020-12) Girma, Etifwork; Abi PhD, Meskerem
    The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of sustainable land management (SLM) practices and participation of farmers to household food security in Tarmaber Wereda, Amhara Region. There was 196-sample size and the research used descriptive research design, and both Qualitative and Quantitative research approaches are employed. Data for this study was collected using household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations. Quantitative data collected using household surveys were analyzed using statistical techniques. Qualitative data collected through field observations, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and secondary data sources were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results show that there was very poor and inadequate effectiveness to control erosion in terms of implementation of SLM practices due to lack of strict rules and regulation and social awareness in the Tarmaber wereda. In addition, the findings of this study revealed that there is limited financial, physical, human resources, SLM policy, social inclusive like the farmers and scarcity of food or poverty and inadequate SLM practices system exist in Wereda. Farmers in the study area face challenges of getting adequate income for their livelihood. At the same time, there is lack of adoption of labour-intensive technologies. The data, analysis shows that some respondents are aged, older farmers have a short planning perspective compared with younger colleagues, traditional /religious educated farmers due to that participated SLM practices are low and the land is not productive, less fertile, and 30.6% agricultural land is erosion problems. According to the result, 63.8% had access to formal credit and saving institutions while others gain from local moneylenders as a source/s of credit about 20.4%. Majority of the respondent agree that, land shortage was strongly cause for food shortage with a 20.4% that, was next to low use of modern farm inputs that took 16.3%, then required Limited use of SLM practices and Soil fertility decline also the causes of starvation, inappropriate land plotting, and direct impact on SLM practices in which the level of SLM practices that leads to financial constraints, very poor institutional coordination, weak enforcement of rules and regulations, socio-economic and cultural factors and lack of awareness among the community. Thus, it was recommended that increasing the awareness of the community, responsible bodies (Government, Community and Agricultural Bureaus) should pay attention to the issue in order to improve the current poor SLM practices and to improve the food security of farmers in the Tarmaber Wereda.
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    Determinants of Rural Female-headed Households’ Food Security Status: The Case of Angolela Tera Woreda, Amhara Region- Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-09) Amare, Samrawit; Abi PhD, Meskerem
    headed household were low dietary diversity. The ordered logistic regression result further indicates that for female headed household age of household head, cultivated land size and amount of crop produced had positive significant and amount of land rent out had negative significant on female headed household food security status. For male headed household cultivated land, TLU and amount of crop produced positively significant and also land rent out and credit access are negatively significant on male headed household food security status, the study finding was significant at p<0.01, p<0.05 and p< 0.10 level. The study conclude that socio-economic and institutional factors had significant effect on female and male headed household on household food security in the study area. Finally, the study recommended that female headed household need attention and support to improve agriculture productivity and to enhance their food security situation and household cultivated land size and household total income have potential on enhancing household food security.
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    Factors Affecting Dekoko (Pisum Sativum Var. Abyssinicum) Production, Distribution Channel and Its Implication to Household Food Security in Northeastern Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-09) Berhanu, Genet; Abi PhD, Meskerem
    Dekoko is a unique crop cultivated in Ethiopia and highly appreciated by its taste and high market value. However, currently the production is decline and the distribution is limited as well. The objective of the research is to examine factors affecting dekoko production and distribution channel and its implication to household food security in Northeastern Ethiopia. For this study, twenty one kebeles were selected by using stratified sampling technique and 288 respondents were sampled. Both descriptive and econometrics analysis were employed. In order to evaluate household food security household food balance model and household dietary diversity scores were employed. Multiple liner regression model was used to determine factors affecting dekoko production, whereas multi-nominal logistic regression was used to assess market channel choice decision. In addition, ordered econometric analysis was used to categorize and determine factors affecting household food security status. Results of descriptive analysis showed dekoko producers as compared with non-producers are characterized by having better wealth status, farmer status, participate in extension program, access to credit, younger age, irrigation and fertilizer. The result of household food balance model shows that dekoko producers were food secured as compared to non-producer. The dietary diversity results also indicate that there is a significant mean difference between the two groups in main food group. The multiple liner regression result revealed that age, family size, fertilizer use, household farm status, wealth status, education and total land size positively affect dekoko production, while participation in off-farm activity affects negatively. Finally, multinomial logistic regression indicates that family size, access to credit, off-farm activity, and livestock ownership are found to be affecting the extent of market channel choice decision negatively. The study concludes that producing dekoko has remarkable effect on the household food security status. Based on the finding of this study, it is recommended that improving farmer‟s awareness and perception through training, strengthening development agents capacity, introducing different improved dekoko variety with reasonable cost, continuous follow-up, improvement in input supply, strengthening market linkage and interventions are crucial to deal with constraints related to dekoko production and distribution
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    The Nexus between Household Food Security and Nutritional Status of Children under Five in Gelan Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Mohammede, Redwan; Abi PhD, Meskerem
    This study aimed at investigating the nexus between household food security and nutrition status of children under five in Gelan town, Oromia region, Ethiopia. A total of 100 mothers of under five children were selected using stratified random sampling technique from three kebeles. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and anthropometry. Household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) and household diatery diversity score (HDDS) were used to investigate food security status of households. Likewise, anthropometric indices height for age (HFA), weight for height (WFH) and weight for age (WFA) were used to determine the nutritional status of under five children. Descriptive and inferential statistics as well as multivariable logistic regression model were used to determine the association between household food security and nutritional status of under- five children in the study area. The result indicated 8.2% of households were food secure of which 29.05 % were severely food insecure while 27.86 % and 34.87% mild and moderately food insecure respectively. Majority of the households have medium diatery diversity score (55%) while 24 % and 21 %of the households have high and low dietary diversity score, respectively. Underweight prevalence was found to be 13% in the kebeles among under-five children. Similarly, wasting prevalence was 4% and stunting prevalence was 7% in the kebeles among under-five children. Household dietary diversity, monthly income and household’s food security access scale showed positive relationship with normal underweight, normal stunt and normal wasting. Whereas, mother's occupation, farm land area, home garden, education level of household head, breast feed, marital status, living home owner and household head sex showed negative relationship with normal underweight, normal stunt and normal wasting among study area. Monthly income shows positive relation with all the nutritional status indicators. It is recommended that there is a need for communities to stand-in activities that increase household income, which will in turn improve expenditure on child care, and implications child nutritional status for better food and nutritional security in Gelan town selected kebeles.
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    Urban Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia: Beneficiaries‟ Food Security Status, Participation Determinants and Its Contributions in Gulele Sub-City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Amosha, Kassaye; Abi PhD, Meskerem
    Understanding the root causes and level of food security would help policy makers to design and implement more effective policies and programs for the poor and thereby helps to pave way to improve food security. The central purpose of the study was to examine urban productive safety net program in Ethiopia and its effects on the food security status of beneficiary’s households in Gulele sub-city, Addis Ababa. Household surveys were conducted with 271 samples in the study area. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, logistic regression model, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and ordinary logit model. Problem tree analysis was used to analyze the causes of food insecurity of study areas. The result logit model indicates, age of household head, cash transferred from program, total income expenditure, consumption of durable goods to be more significantly associated with household participation. The results show that the approximately 2.2% of households were categorized as food secure, 26.3% as mildly food insecure and 49% as moderately food insecure and 22.5% as severely food insecure in the study area. The ordered logit model result also indicates age, family size, saving access and consumption of durable goods of participant household heads have both positive and negative effect on food security. The study concludes that even though urban productive safety net program have a positive effects on beneficiaries, but not have statically significant changes in their livelihood. The study recommends that local government at (federal, city, sub-city, and woreda level) give attention on to create job opportunities, family planning and the adjustment of the amount of cash transfer for the participants based on the current living condition to ensure their food security.