Developmental Psychology

Permanent URI for this collection

http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/160

Browse

Browsing Developmental Psychology by Author "Ayele, Moges"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Developmental Delays among Infants and Young Children in Addis Ababa: Screening, Risk Factors and Intervention (Doctoral Dissertation)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-03) Ayele, Moges
    Several studies emphasized the importance of developmental and readiness testing as that would enable early identification of those who need support or further assessment. Besides, researches showed that children who were at risk or who experienced delayed development when passed through early intervention they manifested positive gains in development. In this connection, this study was conducted with three objectives in mind. The first one was screening for developmental delays among infants and young children of Addis Ababa; the second one was identifying risk factors associated with global developmental delay; and the third objective was conducting intervention with some developmentally delayed infants and children. To achieve these objectives descriptive survey and quasi-experimental designs were implemented. A sample of 1,062 infants and young children were randomly selected from Bole, Addis Ketema and Kolfe sub-cities. Infants and young children’s development was assessed by using Ages and Stages Questionnaire – Amharic version. Besides, the characteristics of home environment, maternal and child conditions were gathered with the questionnaire set for this purpose. Following screening for developmental delays, three months intervention was carried out in two randomly selected sites. A total of 29 participants were involved in the treatment group and 19 participants did take part in comparison group. Data on children’s developmental status were collected before and after intervention. The data collected were analyzed through logistic regression analysis, MANOVA, t-test, frequencies and percentages. The results of the investigation revealed that 28.13% of infants and young children involved in this research revealed global developmental delay and more delayed development was observed in fine motor domain as 30.53% of children showed delayed development in this domain. From the risk factors evaluated in this research maternal age, low birth weight, physical punishment, unavailability of playing materials, exposure to illness and family size were found to be significantly associated with global developmental delay. However, when predictor variables entered the statistical model the proportion of variance explained by the variables examined was very small in most cases and the largest one was 19.9% which was the explained variance on communication scores for infants of 18 months age interval. The results of the intervention study showed that infants and young children in comparison group performed better than those in the treatment group. Based on the findings obtained some recommendations are made
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Abused Children with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: the Case of Kechene Children’s Home and OPRIFS
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Mohammed, Riyadh; Ayele, Moges
    The high prevalence and the devastating negative consequences of sexual and physical abuse initiate research inquiry in to the treatment aspect of the problem. This study examined whether trauma focused cognitive behavioral group therapy is effective in treating either sexually or physically abused children in two NGOs namely Kechene Children’s home and OPRIFS. The study was a control group pre test post test quasi-experimental design. Sixty female participants aged 8 to 18 were selected purposefully based on inclusion criteria. They were divided in to two groups (treatment group and control group) which were made equivalent in terms of their score of child post traumatic stress symptoms scale and type of abuse they experienced. The treatment group received TF-CBGT for 3 sessions a week for a total of 12 sessions. Child posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms scale (CPSS) was used to measure post traumatic stress symptoms of participants. Test was conducted before the treatment, just after the treatment and 15 days after the treatment. Results of dependent t-test indicated that, participants engaged in treatment group showed statistically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms (df=29 t=2.618) from pre to post test while the control group did not. The therapy gain/outcome was maintained at follow up measure. Independent t test indicated that the mean CPSS for the control group and the treatment group was statistically significant at post test (df=58 t=2.068). There was no statistically significant difference in post traumatic stress symptoms mean score between different types of abuse (sexual and physical) and age groups (younger children aged 9 to 12 and teenagers aged 13 to 16) both before and after therapy. It is recommended to conduct a large scale study with more sample size and diversity to expand the findings of this study