Rural Development Studies

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Browsing Rural Development Studies by Author "Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)"

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    An Assessment of Urban Housing Supply and Affordability in Jimma town: with special reference to Condominium Housing.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Alemu, Habte; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    This study has been conducted in Jimma town of ONRS with the general objective of assessing urban housing supply and its affordability with special reference to condominium housing. It also attempted to identify the factors which affected affordably condominium housing supply and local residents to afford for condominium housing in the town as well as to assess whether the condominium housing supply can solve the problems of urban housing for the urban poor. Data for this research were collected mainly through a survey of 180 households (120 households from non condominium residents and 60 households from condominium housing resident respondents) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 15. The study found that, supplying of standard low cost housing for low and middle income groups are affected by high cost of local constructional materials, low level of income the majority of the residents, high housing costs and low capacity of the majority of the residents to afford for condominium housing in the study area. Beneficiaries of condominium housing were on average, those who were classified as high and middle income categories of the residents. The study also showed that, condominium housing beneficiaries are better off in terms of both mean monthly income and saving than the non condominium housing residents. Household with higher income categories are also those with higher monthly saving than the lower income categOly. As a result there was strong correlation between household income and saving with r =0.621 (**). This showed that, household of higher income can save higher amount of their income that enables them to afford standard condominium housing. Some of the major constraints for the low and middle income groups to afford for condominium hal/sing were low level of their income, high housing costs per meter square, and high burden of down payments and lack of access to housing subsidies. On the other hand, the main constraints of the implementers to provide affordable condominium housing were untimely completion of the project works, lack of well trained man power in the constructional sector, lack of qualified contractors and the high transportation cost of the constructiollal materials. The study also showed that, there is no special attention given to low income groups and female headed households to be the owner of condomillium housing units. Many condominium housing residents are satisfied with the services provided at the condominium housing sites and the quality of the housing units than their previous residential housing units. The overall analysis also indicated that, condominium housing projects are undertaken in Jimllla town without considering the capacity of low and middle income groups of the town residents to afford for condominium housing. Analysis in general also showed that, condominium housing project in the study area were regionally guided program and that it did not take in to account the local situation of a given area. This contributed to the affordability problems of the local people for the condominium housing units cOllstructed ill the study area. The study also showed that, the intended objectives of condominium housing programs to provide 60 percent of the condominium housing units for low and middle income groups and 30 percent of the housing unit for female headed households has not been well applied in to the study area and the developers of condominium housing are far from achieving the intended objectives.
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    Capacity Building for Decentralized Local Governance: The Case of Adami Tulu Jido Woreda and Ziway Town in Oromia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-08) Daba, Nigussie; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to assess the peiformance of capacity building activities and examine the implementing capacity of decentralized local governance. The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido woreda and Ziway town. Comparative study with cross sectional survey was used in the study to compare the two local governments. Descriptive survey method of analysis was also employed to achieve the objectives of the study. The subjects of the study were civil servants and cabinet members of the two local governments. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the civil servants and cabinet members. In addition focus group discussions and interviews were also conducted with about 24 individuals. Data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical method used to analyze the quantitative data was percentage. The results reveal that even though the local governments have been given a wide range of responsibilities and powers in terms of planning and prioritizing their local needs, their implementing capacity is very weak. Human resource in both local governments both in quantity and quality is found to be deficient to shoulder different local level responsibilities. Women are also under represented in the civil service and in the cabinet members. Shortage of budget and skilled human resource, and high turnover of officials and key experts due to frequent reorganization and restructuring of offices, transfer, demotion and promotion are critical problems observed in both local governments. In addition, different facilities and core resources are not adequately available in the sectors of both woreda and town. As a result the status of human resource, organizational and institutional capacity is found to be weak. The capacity building/training activities conducted in the areas were not need-based. Besides, training impact assessment was not undertaken. Weak management capacity, unfavorable enabling environment and absence of adequate facilities and resources characterize both local governments. Community participation is also limited to implementation of planned projects than at planning and decision making levels. It was generally recommended that continuous training of employees and officials; conducting training need and impact analysis; designing reward system, support in fulfilling the resources and facilities on the part of the regional government, participation of local community in need prioritization, planning and decision making, making available different policy documents, guidelines, and rules for employees; creating stable and suitable structure and in general building local capacity be undertaken.
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    Challenges and Opportunities of Good Governance: The Case of Addis Ababa City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-04) Efenta, Kindeye; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    This srudy has investigated the challenges mgl opportunities of good governance pertaining to fhe operctlioll of institutions and the attributes of good governance in Addis Ababa. The Council, Polill cal purties, fhe Media, ¥Voredas (Kebeless), CSOs and fhe Executive/Civil societl' of the Cill" (IrE' llu! illSlflll/ions {h ell were scrulinized. Absence of corruptioll, legililllo('y. jJorficipOflOIl. 1l'IlIlSjHlrmcr. (lccoullwbility alld efficiency and effectiveness are the allriiJules analyzed in the sludy. For Ihis end, a mixed research approach that combined qualitative analysis and simple descriptive statistical metl10d was employed. The former was used to analyze the information gathered Fom expertise and officials while the latter was employed to analyze the data gathered for 300 sample households. The findings revealed that weak council and opposition political panies. lack of impamul allli objective media, illsufficient decentralization effort, political consideration in promotion and career development in the civil service, lack of enabling environment for operation of CSOs, high corruplion incidence and rent seeking, lack of transparency and accountability, immature pllrli cipatioll, ill efficiency and ineffectiveness in the provision of at least some basic services posed Ihe challenge to promote good governance in the City. Favorable constillilional ,. ulFullgelll ell1 Wid Cuv Charter. Ihe civil service reform. the eflort to equip burellus IIlId uflices UI filcl lilies alld humall power, the recent decelltralizatioll process, panicipCilioll of mass based organizatiolls ill decision making and success in providing some services are assets to further consolidate good governance. The study concludes that overarching government control of all lIlaters alld lack ,of space for others results governance to be weak, fragile and slight though some irnprovemenls are observed.
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    Challenges and Opportunities of Local Good Governance in Lumame Town, A Wable Woreda, East Gojjam, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Asrat, Gizachew; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The concept of local governance can have different meaning to different peoples and groups. It doesn't have a universally accepted meaning. It should be understood based on the plillJoses of its application. Aid donors, development agencies, international financial institutions and social activists have developed their own concept and indicators of governance. Even though there are conceptual differences among these groups, all of them agreed up on the needfor governance to promote development and improve the quality of citizens well being. Good governance has gained significant attention in developing countries and Ethiopia is no exception. It is widely recognized that as a precondition/prerequisite for sustainable development particularly for developing countries like Ethiopia Local governance requires the involvement of various stakeholders living and lVorking together to achieve different objectives. Local governance is more than the provision of services by local government. It requires the interaction and cooperation among different stake holders to promote their rights and discharge their responsibilities. This paper assesses the challenges of good governance via selecting of a case study woreda. Hence fore, in this paper transparency and accountability, community participalion and rule of law which are the core dimensions of good governance had selected to assess prevailing conditions in woreda court, municipal office and woreda administration. The main objective of the study was to assess the state of local governance in the town and describe the related practices, challenges and opportunities. Capacity, discrimination, corruption, accessibility of information, delay, openness and satisfaction are considered the major determinants of good governance in the woreda in general and the selected public institutions in particular. To know () the perception of service users on transparency, accountability, community participation and rule of law of the selected public institutions a descriptive study had used that enriched through oral and writ/en interview, discussion, personal observation and survey. Hereafter, incapacitated human power had observed and identified in the selected public institutions and in the town. Moreover, due to lack of capacity in the service providers disseminaling information, accessibility of their institutions information, delivering a timely service aud providing decision based on reasonable evidence had rarely practiced.
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    Challenges and Opportunities of Local Good Governance in Lumame Town, A Wable Woreda, East Gojjam, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Asrat, Gizachew; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The concept of local governance can have different meaning to different peoples and groups. It doesn't have a universally accepted meaning. It should be understood based on the plillJoses of its application. Aid donors, development agencies, international financial institutions and social activists have developed their own concept and indicators of governance. Even though there are conceptual differences among these groups, all of them agreed up on the needfor governance to promote development and improve the quality of citizens well being. Good governance has gained significant attention in developing countries and Ethiopia is no exception. It is widely recognized that as a precondition/prerequisite for sustainable development particularly for developing countries like Ethiopia Local governance requires the involvement of various stakeholders living and lVorking together to achieve different objectives. Local governance is more than the provision of services by local government. It requires the interaction and cooperation among different stake holders to promote their rights and discharge their responsibilities. This paper assesses the challenges of good governance via selecting of a case study woreda. Hence fore, in this paper transparency and accountability, community participalion and rule of law which are the core dimensions of good governance had selected to assess prevailing conditions in woreda court, municipal office and woreda administration. The main objective of the study was to assess the state of local governance in the town and describe the related practices, challenges and opportunities. Capacity, discrimination, corruption, accessibility of information, delay, openness and satisfaction are considered the major determinants of good governance in the woreda in general and the selected public institutions in particular. To know () the perception of service users on transparency, accountability, community participation and rule of law of the selected public institutions a descriptive study had used that enriched through oral and writ/en interview, discussion, personal observation and survey. Hereafter, incapacitated human power had observed and identified in the selected public institutions and in the town. Moreover, due to lack of capacity in the service providers disseminaling information, accessibility of their institutions information, delivering a timely service aud providing decision based on reasonable evidence had rarely practiced.
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    Challenges and Prospects of Civil Service Reform With Respect to Service Delivery: A Comparative Study of Ministries of Trade and Industry, and Finance and Economic Development
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-06) Merga, Etela; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    There have been many problems observed in the civil serv ice in stitutions or Ethiopia for so long years. For this reason, the government has implemented Civil Service Reform (CSR) among which the service delivery have got due attention by the government as well as the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MoTI) and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). The obj ectives of this study is to assess the avai labi lity of enabling environment and preparation made to implement the Service Delivery Reform (SDR), the achievements recorded in implementat ion, the challenges encountered through the course of time, and the mechani sms in place for the improvement and practical implementation of SDR. The research questions designed were also those that answer the objectives of the st ud y. To this effect, the methodology used for the research was qual itative method supported by simple quantitative measurements in the form of percentages and tabular illu stration s. The instruments used to gather data were observat ions, interv iew, and questionnai res. The major findings of this comparative study are seen in respect to achievement and challenges view points. Both find ings are analyzed based on similarities and differences. Regard ing similarities of ach ievements in the two ministries, effectiveness, quality servi ces, commitment of higher officials, and result-or iented evaluat ion system are recorded to some extent. Based on thi s, the number of cl ients served is increased; time of queuing for services is reduced, and so, customer satisfaction. But, professional turnover and absenteeism, as wel l as complaint handling mechan ism are not improved . Simi larl y, regarding a better quality services, customers' expectations and service specificat ions are well identified, but employees' performance management and implementat ion of sustained result -oriented evaluat ion system remained behind. In relation to differences in achievements, among other things while SDR has increased revenue for MoTl, it did not for MoFED. It also seems that employees' feeling sense of urgency and improved absenteeism are better in MoTI than MoFED. However, the achievements of SDR in both min istries are not as advertised and not impressing as intended by the government and the ministries themselves. The major challenges faced the ministries are emanated from low in stitutional capacity; insufficient attitud inal change of officials and employees and other extern al factors. Specifica lly, the challenges encountering the SDR in the mini stries are lack of incentive, inadequate attitudi nal change, in sufficient awareness, lack of moni toring and evaluation, lack of coord ination, sholtage of sk illed manpower, low accountability, lack of support from MCB, the unclear eval uation system of employees, over politicization ofSDR, mismanagement of time, and lack of training. The positive lessons can be learnt from SDR are commitment of hi gher officials; sett ing implementat ion priority; partial customer sati sfaction; and preparat ion and revision of Strategic Planning and Management (SPM) and Business Process Reengineering (BPR). Finally, the recommendations fo rwarded are those that show directions or seek so lutions for the challenges mentioned above. Among others, giving incentive, training employees, reducing over politicization of SDR, utili zing manpower properl y, undertaking monitoring and evaluation; and creating internal competition among and between workers of the mini stries are a few.
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    Challenges and Prospects of Rural-Urban Marketing Linkages in Debre Markos Town and Its Hinterland, Amhara Administrative Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Alemu, Muluadam; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The study was conducted in Debre Markos town and its hinterland. The main objective of the study was to assess the challenges and prospects of RUMLs in the study area. It has made use of primary and secondary data sources and 237 households were selected through systematic random sampling. The data was analyzed by making use of a blend of descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study discloses wide differences between hinterland farmers and their urban counterparts to recognize and identify pertinent challenges that hamper RUMLs. To hinterland farmers, shortage of land, subsistence agriculture, lack of market facilities, price fluctuations and shortage of farm inputs are the jirst jive main challenges in ascending order that affect R UML. The x2 analysis reveals that both groups of farmers are equally victims of these challenges. Urban households on the other hand identified, Price fluctuation, lack of market facilities, inflation, lack of agro-processing industries and subsistence nature of agriculture as the .first jive main challenges in order of severity that affect RUML in the study area. The study has identified weak and partial backward RUML while forward production marketing linkage is almost non-existent. The only linkage found relatively strong is consumption linkages. The analysis using One-way ANOVA shows that urban households do not differ significantly based on age and duration from each other on the mean cost incurred and mean amount of farm outputs purchased. The correlation analysis on the other hand reveals that the amount of farm outputs purchased and cost incurred by urban households decreases, as people get older and older. Among ten variables, shortage of land is the jirst problem that affects agricultural production in the hinterland. Production is subsistence often used for consumption that never satisjies urban peoples ' demand. The multiple regression results show that age of the household and distance are equally important factors to explain the variance on the amount of cereals sold. While the amount oj'farm inputs used and farm size are less significant to explain any unique variance on the amount oj' cereals marketed by farmers. PASDEP, agricultural sector policy, industrial sector policy, road sector policy and decentralization are identified as national prospects to enhance RUMLs. While expansion of MSEs, investment activities, consumers ' associations, cooperatives and farm output marketing services are some of the local prospects that would harness RUMLs. No significantly coordinated efforts have been made by local governments to harness R UMLs in the study area. Finaliy, it is recommended that to ameliorate the pertinent RUML challenges and promote mutual development; a pooled effort is needed from all concerned stakeholders.