Urban Planning
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Browsing Urban Planning by Author "Birhanu Girma (PhD)"
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Item An Assessment of Urban Land Use Plan Implementation Challenges In Oromia Region: The Case of Dukem Town(Addis Ababa University, 2023-09) Gezahegn Birku; Birhanu Girma (PhD)Land use planning is a critical tool for managing and regulating the use of land in towns and cities. However, implementing land use plans in Dukem town can be challenging, due to a variety of factors, including plan violation, informal settlement, and land use incompatibly and lack of community participation. By observing the problem, this study focuses on major causes and the consequences of urban land use plan implementation challenges Dukem town. It identify the most common challenges that the sub city face, and discuss the factors that contribute to these challenges. Research approach of explanatory with survey methods were used in the research. Descriptive statics and analysis with detailed contextual reviews were widely undertaken throughout the research. The result of the study shows that, the major challenges of land use plan implementation includes: corruption, increase illegal expansion, and environmental pollution, lack of land use plan management system. Accordingly, the result of the explanation of the consequences of the failed urban land use plan implementation: expansion of in formal settlement; decrease of land value and produces an irregular and aesthetically poor town are the major effects that are challenging the sub city. Generally the study shows that, Dukem town faces many challenges in land use plan implementation which hinder the development of the town. Finally the research recommends: preventing unlawful settlement before any building begins; increasing community participation in land plan preparation and implementation; and regularly monitoring and evaluation of the plan's implementation. Keywords: Planning, Urbanization, Urban Land, Peri-urban, Plan ImplementationItem Analysis of the Practice and Challenges of Urban Land Management:The Case of Kirkos Sub City(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-01) Tigist Tamrat Muluneh; Birhanu Girma (PhD)This study assessed the land management practices and challenges in Addis Ababa City Administration using kirkos Sub-City as a case study. The study design was descriptive case study. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was obtained through questionnaire from total 163 selected respondents using simple random sampling technique, and through key informant interviews using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Secondary data involved reviewing relevant published and unpublished reports, operation manuals and other relevant documents. Data collected through survey questionnaire was entered in to Google form for statistical analysis, and data collected through interviews were analyzed using narrative description method. The result of the study shows that, the major challenges are a lack of adequate resources (57.1%), weak information management system (53.6%), informal land settlement (71.4%) and corruption (83.9%) are causes of the challenges which include: Limited access to formal land ownership, Weak regulations and disproportionate punishment, rapid urbanization and population growth, lack of lateral space to store the files and Budget usage. Accordingly, the result of the explanation of the consequences of these challenges includes: undermines property rights and land tenure security (91.1%), loss of potential revenue (92.8%), unable to provide timely and accurate information (96.4%), hampers the accuracy and completeness of land records (96.4%) and undermines public trust in the integrity of land-related decision-making processes (85.7%). Finally the research recommends the revise of rules and regulations, organize information’s carefully, align the budget with the needs and introduce technologies to ease services. Keywords: urbanization, urban land, urban land managementItem Analysis of Urban Land Management Problems: A Case Study of Sululta Town.(Addis Ababa University, 2023-12-01) Milkesa Mosisa Ejara; Birhanu Girma (PhD)his study analyzed the urban land management problems of Sululta town and also examined the factors affecting those practices. Sululta town is located in the Oromia special zone surrounding Finfinne in the North direction. Sululta town was established in 1929 by Italian fascists. The major goal of this study is to identify the variables influencing urban land management in the study area by taking into account the important drivers and their impact on the variables related to land management. The foundation for doing this research has come from the actual problems shown in this area and the will to contribute knowledge to the field of land management as regards institutional perspectives. To do this research, both primary and secondary data types were used, and the data were gathered from Residents, Experts, Town officials (management), document review, and site. The data were collected using site observation, interviews Questionnaires methods. The samples were selected from the all four kebeles in the Sululta town administrative boundary from the total population of 129,843 (one hundred twenty-nine thousand eight hundred forty-three). The self-administered, closed-ended questionnaires also have a small number of open-ended items to help gather any extra, unstated issues. The gathered data was processed using IBM SPSS 25 software and analyzed both in a descriptive and inferential way, supplemented by graphs and tables. The result of the study revealed that urban land management is significantly affected by a skilled manpower gap and financial gap, community participation positive significantly affect urban land management at 5%(β =0.055) significant level, equity and inclusiveness in all societies positive significantly affect urban land management at 5% (β =0.255) significant level, and efficiency & effectiveness in urban land administration positive significantly affect urban land management at 5% (β=0.34) significant level. Finally, the researcher recommends the reconsideration of the administrative structure of land management, proper implementation of the land-related law, paying attention to the high growth of population and the increase in land demand in the town, and the administration should have to change the current manual data recording and holding mechanism and make it clear, safe, centralized, and computerized to solve the currently shown problems and make a good and effective land management system. Key words: Urban land, Land management, Land Administration, Land Policy, Land Information, urban Expansion, Land RegistrationItem Analysis of Urban Land-Use Planning Implementation Problems: The Case of Kazanchis Area, Addis Ababa City(Addis Ababa University, 2023-01-01) Eyerusalem Desalegn Alemu; Birhanu Girma (PhD)Metropolitan areas have significantly become important engines of economic growth. Addis Ababa,aiming to bring about a vibrant economic center in Ethiopia, has long embarked on the path of development through redevelopment and renewal projects. The largely organic nature of the city hinders the aim of Addis Ababa reaching to the heights of its transformation: hence, urban land-use planning has become an essential tool to coordinate urban parameters in a manner that utilizes resources of land and physical environment for better economic viability. The Kazanchis area selected in this study focuses on the implementation of urban land-use planning under redevelopment projects in three facets: the first area (Zone 1) is characterized as an area that has not changed in spatial landuse terms; the second area (Zone 2) has new development projects and buildings with a completed urban renewal LDP. Thirdly, an area (Zone 3) with an on-going redevelopment project. Therefore, the objectives of assessing the different aspects of urban land-use planning implantation problems; assessing the influence of political economy; examining the urban service provisions; and, assessing the link between urban land-use planning and local economic planning are analyzed via qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The nature of the research design is descriptive and uses both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Questionnaires, key-informant interviews and direct open-end and closed-end questions were employed in primary data gathering while secondary data was collected from different sub-city and federal government bureaus as well as previous researches, journals, books, and other relevant literatures. The study found that the second and third zones have resulted in a decline of revenue generation of the influence area. Furthermore, in the third zone, lack of harmonization has been identified as a key-hinderer of a successful redevelopment project. Undue political interference in the professional practice of the implementation created problems in the economic redistribution and civic inclusion within the locality. The gap between the preparation phase and the lack of adequate implementation capacity delays the prospects of inclusive economic growth and neglects the social integrity of the locality. The nexus between the political economy and its implications on policy decision making on land-use planning implementation is seen critically. The study recommends for an urban land-use planning project to be harmonized through a process-based and economic-based analysis coupled with an independent inspecting body that includes practicing professionals, legal advisors, locality and government representatives. Key words: Implementation, Urban land-use planning, Local development, Urban governance.Item Assessing the Driving Factors and Actors for the Land Use/ Land Cover Changes of Dessie City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.(Addis Ababa University, 2023-12-01) Eden Shimelis Worku; Birhanu Girma (PhD)This study evaluated the effects of migration on the land use and land cover of Dessie city between the years 2016 and 2022. Dessie cities informal settlement has led to uncontrollable changes in land use and cover, converting agricultural and protected forest areas to residential areas. Through the identification of motivating factors and actors, the use of spatial analysis of remote sensing, GIS tools, and survey methodologies, the study was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In order to determine the perception of office workers and the community of the city on the factors and players who contribute greatly to the land use and land cover of the Dessie city, the primary data were gathered through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observations and satellite images were used as data sources to gather the secondary data. The study's findings significantly indicated that built-up areas expanded from 3,467.8 ha in 2016 to 7937.5 ha in 2022 while Agricultural land declined from 6,428.9 hectares in 2016 to 4462.7 ha in 2022. Based on the findings, the study also came to the conclusion that the main driving forces behind the change in land use/ land cover of the city were population growth, employment opportunities, issues with instability, unrestricted access to property, housing preferences, urban topography, and city’s plans, as well as actors like land brokers, local farmers, experts, and government officials. Finally, the research recommends to curb track of changes in land use /land cover and developments should be carried out properly in accordance with a planned strategy, there is a need in effective land management and monitoring technologies in order to guarantee a proper usage of land. Key words: Actors, Driving Factors, Informal settlement, Land Use, Land cover change, MigrationItem Factors Affecting the Modal Choice In Urban Mobility In Addis Ababa: The Case of Yeka Sub City(Addis Ababa University, 2022-04-01) Fentahun Abebe Debebe; Birhanu Girma (PhD)The modal choice in Ethiopia varies from passenger to passenger due to different factors. The existence of modal choice creates different problems like delays, traffic accidents and traffic congestions etc. The general objective of this research was to analyze the factors that affect the modal choice in urban mobility in Addis Ababa; the case of the Yeka Sub-city. To achieve the above objective, the researcher used simple random sampling technique to select samples for both open and close ended questionnaire method, and purposive sampling for the semi structured interview method. The sample size of this study was 378 samples, from these samples 40 of them were interviewed, the remaining 338 respondents filled the questionnaires. This research is a mixed type of research, meaning that by using both quantitative and qualitative data describes the factors that affect the modal choice in urban mobility in Addis Ababa; in the case of the Yeka Sub-city. The research design of this research was concurrent research design means the collection of qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously, specifically Quantitative driven concurrent design (QUANT + quall) where used for this study. The study found out that Personal Information (gender, employment status, family size, and income status,), Characteristics of Trip (travel purpose, travel time, travel distance, and Transport cost), Psychological factors (attitudes towards buses, and attitudes towards buses) and characteristics of the transport facility (comfort, safety, and availability of vehicle) are statistically significant. In addition there are factors which are related with spatial data like availability of parks, urban land use type and design and network of roads which affects the modal choice .From the findings, 75.4%) of the participants used taxis (all taxies which carries 11_12 passengers), 24.6% of the participants used buses (both Sheger and Anbesa buses) .So taxis were the most common mode of transport used in Addis Ababa especially in Yeka Sub city. The choice of transport modes affects the urban mobility because it is the means of traffic congestion ,dalliance ,accidents and other environmental problems related with mobility, especially the choice of taxis that aggravate those problems above than buses. To minimize this problem the government and concerned stakeholders should manage the transport system like Higer, Shger,and also and Anbessa bus in their safety and comfort to make it competitive to other transport modes; Supply adequate transportation modes especially supply buses which can enhance the transport service Keywords: Urban mobility, Modal choice. Binary logistic regressionItem Factors Affecting The Public Transportation Modal Choice in Urban Mobility in Addis Ababa: The Case of Yeka Sub City(Addis ababa University, 2022-04-01) Fentahn Abebe Debebe; Birhanu Girma (PhD)The modal choice in Ethiopia varies from passenger to passenger due to different factors. The existence of modal choice creates different problems like delays, traffic accidents and traffic congestions etc. The general objective of this research was to analyze the factors that affect the modal choice in urban mobility in Addis Ababa; the case of the Yeka Sub-city. To achieve the above objective, the researcher used simple random sampling technique to select samples for both open and close ended questionnaire method, and purposive sampling for the semi structured interview method. The sample size of this study was 378 samples, from these samples 40 of them were interviewed, the remaining 338 respondents filled the questionnaires. This research is a mixed type of research, meaning that by using both quantitative and qualitative data describes the factors that affect the modal choice in urban mobility in Addis Ababa; in the case of the Yeka Sub-city. The research design of this research was concurrent research design means the collection of qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously, specifically Quantitative driven concurrent design (QUANT + quall) where used for this study. The study found out that Personal Information (gender, employment status, family size, and income status,), Characteristics of Trip (travel purpose, travel time, travel distance, and Transport cost), Psychological factors (attitudes towards buses, and attitudes towards buses) and characteristics of the transport facility (comfort, safety, and availability of vehicle) are statistically significant. In addition there are factors which are related with spatial data like availability of parks, urban land use type and design and network of roads which affects the modal choice .From the findings, 75.4%) of the participants used taxis (all taxies which carries 11_12 passengers), 24.6% of the participants used buses (both Sheger and Anbesa buses).So taxis were the most common mode of transport used in Addis Ababa especially in Yeka Sub city. The choice of transport modes affects the urban mobility because it is the means of traffic congestion ,dalliance ,accidents and other environmental problems related with mobility, especially the choice of taxis that aggravate those problems above than buses. To minimize this problem the government and concerned stakeholders should manage the transport system like Higer, Shger, and also and Anbessa bus in their safety and comfort to make it competitive to other transport modes; Supply adequate transportation modes especially supply buses which can enhance the transport service.Item Predictors of Land Use Conversions Based on Urban Expansion in Bahir Dar City: North West Amhara Region, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2023-11-01) Kalkidan Gedefaw Arega; Birhanu Girma (PhD)The most visible kind of global environmental change happening at spatial and temporal scales is land use/cover (LULC). Land use is an indication of complex human activities that modify land surface processes, whereas land cover is the physical and biological cover of the land surface. Human effect on the environment is shown by the change of natural land to artificial landscapes. Therefore, the main objective of current study was identifying predictors affecting land use conversion through urbanization in Bahir Dar city, North-West Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Bair Dar City, North-West Amhara region between 2000 up to 2020. The study was carried out based on both qualitative and quantitative approaches employing spatial analysis of remote sensing and GIS techniques and survey methods. In this study both primary and secondary data sources were used via questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews, and inspections. Satellite images, secondary documents, and standards are used to gather the secondary data sources. The results in this study indicate that urban expansion, population growth, city topography, and the increase in residential preference, political, economic and cultural centrality, activity of land brokers, informal land access, rural people migration and intended plan of the municipality significantly affected the degree of rapid land use conversion. The extent of change was 9% between the years 2000-2010. The highest rate of change occurred between the years 2010-2020 which was 25% change in land use conversions. In addition, using this study as a reference for improving the quality of life, the study recommended there should be ensured balanced horizontal expansion of the city with the integration of vertical developments, multi modal development such as resources and junction improvements at a higher density than the surrounding area, while imprinting the built-up structures; a productive green belt should be employed as a guiding structure such as considering slum areas for further development, can be considered as a solution for reduction of urban expansion and this further leads to reduce the rapid land use conversion. Key words: (GIS) Geographic information system, change assessment, urban expansion, (LULC) land use land cover, actors and predictors/factors.Item The Challenges of Land Use Plan Implementation in Major Towns Surrounding Addis Ababa City: The Case of Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Town(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-01) Ahmedtofik Mohammed Tahir; Birhanu Girma (PhD)In order to deal with such 21st-century urban challenges, one of the major areas of intervention to ensure healthy development in urban centers is efficient and effective land use planning and implementation. However, the implementation of an urban land use plan is hindered by different factors. Thus, this paper examines the major challenges of land use plan implementation in major towns surrounding Addis Ababa. Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Town, which has exhibited increasing urban growth and land use plan implementation challenges, is used as a case study. The paper employs a qualitative research method in order to identify major challenges of land use plan implementation and their effects on urban development in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Town. Questionnaires, interviews, observation, and existing land use surveys were employed to collect data. A judgmental and random sampling technique was used. While descriptive analysis and RII were deployed for data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the absence of stakeholders’ participation in the land use plan preparation and implementation, the expansion of illegal settlements, corruption, a lack of integration and coordination among sectoral offices, poor data management, and a lack of monitoring and evaluation were the major challenges that hindered the implementation of a land use plan in the town. Consequently, this lack of well-implemented land use plans negatively affected the overall development, which increased the expansion of urban sprawl, inefficient use of resources, environmental degradation, and social and economic inequalities. Thus, the study recommends strengthening stakeholders’ participation in plan preparation and implementation, establishing a monitoring and evaluation scheme, and organizing a data management center for the successful implementation of the land use plan in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Town. Keywords: Land Use Plan, Plan Implementation, Challenges, Effects, Urban Development.