Urban Planning

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Browsing Urban Planning by Author "Berhanu Woldetensae"

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    Analyzing the Mobility Differences Between Neighborhoods in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababab University, 2025-02-01) Tigist Getachew Yenealem; Berhanu Woldetensae
    Addis Ababa is one of the fastest growing cities in Africa and administrative and financial capital of Ethiopia. However, in Ethiopian cities, the rate of urban physical growth has exceeded the rate of infrastructure and service provision in addition the scarce availability of data in Ethiopia remains a major impediment to precisely analyzing urban mobility challenges. This study is unique in that it employs third-party travel time data and very little land-use information. The smallest administrative unit i.e. Woreda was chosen as a traffic analysis zone; as well as travel time and distance between zones was gathered using Quantum Geographic Information System travel time plugin. The mobility and accessibility conditions in different neighborhoods of Addis Ababa were calculated using the neighborhood mobility index based on the free flow travel time and the peak hour travel time index. In this study it was found that all neighborhoods were above the acceptable threshold of Neighborhood Mobility Index 1.5, which means residents in Addis Ababa travel an additional of 50% of the free flow travel time, and among these, Woredas in the Central Business District counter more congestion relative to Woredas in the peripheries. Although, it reveals that they enjoy far more access; are able to reach more than 75% of the destinations within 30 minutes. while as we go further from downtown people have to travel further for jobs, shopping and social interactions. Furthermore, distance by physical routes divided by straight line distance, which unlike the above two analysis, showed no particular relationship between living in the city core or outside. Apparently, zones next to each other share similar values and to some extent it is displayed that zones in the periphery had less direct roads because of the lack of transport infrastructure in these regions. Conclusively, the pragmatic finding indicate that whereas people living far away have to travel longer to access activity’s, residents living in the center also have to counter more congestion. The study suggests that priority must be given to efficient land use, Infrastructure Improvements and public transportation. Key words: Addis Ababa, Congestion, Mobility, Neighborhoods, QGIS
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    Assessing Walkability of Built Environment In Main Street Corridors of Arada Sub-City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-03-01) Kalkidan Kumelachew; Berhanu Woldetensae
    Different components influence the walkability of places, and one of them is the built environment. Urban design, land use patterns, and transportation system infrastructure are attributes of the built environment. The main objective of this research was to assess the walkability of Arada Sub-City's built environment using macro and micro scale indicators. Three broader categories were used for classifying features of the built-up environment: Land Use, Street Networks, and Urban Design. Pedestrians' perceptions about the corridors were gathered to understand how they assessed safety and comfort. The data showed that some qualities enhancing walkability do exist; these include dwelling and commercial density, land-use mix, and public transportation infrastructure. Conversely, unequal distribution of street amenities, lack of maintenance for walkways, usage of pedestrian space as an extension area for commercial frontages, and a lack of universality are among the downsides. Based on data collected from pedestrians, Churchill Ave. ranked highest in comfort and safety. General recommendations were drawn to enhance walkability: adopt design standards with design review for current or new infrastructure projects; pedestrian infrastructure management to prevent wrong practices; improvement in building control regulations to make frontages more active and vibrant; and better integration between pedestrian infrastructures with other institutions key words: waIkability,built environment,waikability indices
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    Assessment of Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction in Anbessa Public Bus Transport Enterprise (Apte): The Case of three Routes in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Tsegereda Tilahun; Berhanu Woldetensae
    This study was conducted with the main objective of assessment of factors influencing customer satisfaction in Anbessa public bus transport enterprise: by taking example on three routes in Addis Ababa. In order to address the stated objective, the researcher applied mixed research approach. And also, the researcher used descriptive research design. The main data collection instruments were both primary and secondary sources. The researcher was taken 91 of the 102 people from the 17 sample vehicles traveled through three routes (number 03, 51 &90) for data collection and some respondents through purposive sampling methods for interview. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that a significant and a positive relationship exists between the bus reliability, frequency, affordability, safety and customer satisfaction in the three routes. In the study area, the customers Anbessa public transport was not satisfied as they expected with the bus reliability, frequency, affordability, safety and the buses condition. This means customers perceived that service delivery of Anbessa bus transport did not meet their expectations. Finally, to make the Anbessa public bus transport service more reliable, improve bus service frequency city, increase the safety and to enhance its customer satisfaction, the researcher recommended that the Enterprise (city transport authority) should increase the frequency of the vehicles, introduce of dedicated bus lanes, increased seating capacity, to make the service more affordable and satisfy the authority should be implemented for all routes at different distances, the government should monitor the fare prices of Anbessa public bus, enhance the condition of the Anbessa public bus transport, the bus physical facilities, equipment, and cleanness of buses and appearance of personnel, improve modern technology should be improved. Key Words: Anbassa Bus, Customer Satisfaction, Public Transport, reliability, frequency, Affordability, Safety.
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    Assessment of Structure Plan Violations and Mitigation Strategies in Nifas Silk Lafto Sub-City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Zelalem Tamru; Berhanu Woldetensae
    Addis Ababa has been experiencing rapid urbanization that has profound impact leading to structure plan violations that undermine the envisaged city’s development. Nifas Silk Lafto Sub-City, as one of the expansion area has been facing such viloations and related challenges such as unauthorized land use changes, encroachment on green areas, noncompliance with building height regulations, and obstruction of road rights-of-way. These violations reflect weak governance and socio-economic pressures that compromise the city’s structural plan and long-term livability. This study assessed the extent, causes, and impacts of such violations, and explored possible mitigation strategies. A mixed-methods design was applied, combining descriptive surveys with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were gathered from 120 respondents through questionnaires, interviews, and field observations, supplemented by secondary sources. It used analytical tools that included frequency distributions, percentages, tables, charts, and spatial mapping. The findings indicate that rapidurbanization, population pressure, weak institutional capacity, and corruption are the main drivers of plan violations. Some of the outcomes include shrinkages in green space coverage, reduction in right-of-way spacxe and violstions of the building height regulations. It is then recommended to strengthen institutional and legal frameworks, enhance enforcement mechanisms, and apply technological tools such as GIS and other applicable monitoring tools. monitoring. Moreover the promotion of community participation, awareness campaigns, and transparent governance are also beneficial in mitigating plan violations. KeyWords: Land use violation, Building height violation, Road plan violation, Green area encroachment.
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    Assessment of the Impacts of Transit-oriented Development on Light Rail Transit: The Case of Addis Ababa Light Transit
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-01) Sahlit Girma Siyum; Berhanu Woldetensae
    This research aims to probe the impact of transit-oriented development (TOD) on light rail transit efficiency at selected Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AALRT) stations (Ayat, CMC, Megenagna, and Mexico Stations). It studied the integration of transit-oriented development principle (density, diversity, design, and destination accessibility) into the AALRT, the impact of integrating TOD into AALRT on the ridership pattern or passengers flow, and a lesson from successful implementation of TOD on other cities. Both quantitative and qualitative research approach used to conduct this research. Likewise, both primary and secondary data source was used for this particular research. Observation and spatial analysis (GIS) used to generate the existing land use and road network map for the selected stations and the TOD principles were calculated using different formulas based on the existing land use and road network maps. Counting of sold tickets at peak hours, data from AALRT transport department, and structured interview was used to determine passengers flow at peak hours, average daily passengers, and passengers flow within the TOD influence zone respectively. Through a literature review, different cities’ successful TOD implementation experiences were studied. Purposive and availability sampling were used to choose an AALRT station to study and to determine passenger flow at peak hours. Spatial multi criteria analysis and SPSS were used to analyze the TOD index and the relation between the TOD index and passenger flow. The research found that Ayat station is with better integration of TOD and Mexico station is with least TOD integration or TOD index. With high TOD index at all selected station within 800-meters TOD influence zone, the research concluded that TOD principle is more integrated within the 800-meters TOD influence zone than within 400-meters TOD influence zone. The passenger flow both daily passenger and passengers flow at peak hours has direct relation with the TOD index. Ayat station has the highest passenger flow daily and at peak hours correspondingly highest TOD index value. The passenger flow at peak hours doesn’t not affect by the distance to transit as the result demonstrate that majority of the trip is generated outside of the TOD influence zone. It shows that a dearth of affordable house within the TOD influence zone. Key words: Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, Transit-oriented development principles, Passengers flow, TOD index, AALRT Efficiency
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    Evaluating the Impact of New Overpass Bridge of a Roundabout Compared to Previous Roundabout: The Case of Imperial-Gerji
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-11-01) Desalegn Aragaw; Berhanu Woldetensae
    Roundabout is a form of crossroads that provides traffic control indirectly without the use of traffic signals. When compared to stop-controlled and signal-controlled intersections, roundabouts can improve both safety and traffic flow. Congestion is the biggest issue with roundabouts, and levels fluctuate throug hout time, with a visible surge during the commute to work. Because the majority of pedestrians are wounded in automotive accidents, efforts to improve their safety have focused on reducing pedestrian traffic. Poor road design and a lack of physical roundabout elements have a substantial impact on roundabout capacity and traffic congestion. The objective of this research is to address the critical aspect and effect of a new overpass bridge operational performance, level of service, and capacity analysis of the Imperial-Gerji roundabout. This study used quantitative research methodology, which makes use of numerical data. Geometric data and a traffic volume survey A field survey was conducted to assess the general geometric condition of roundabouts for this study. Traffic volume studies were also carried out to determine the number, movement, and classifications of vehicles at the chosen roundabout approaches. For this study, skilled people manually collected traffic data using a vehicle statistic. According to the findings of SIDRA intersection 9.1 software programs, the degree of congestion at the roundabout is 1.721, which is significantly beyond the recommended criteria for providing a sufficient level of service. As a result, the delay resulted in an overall fuel consumption of 1095.3L/H, a CO2 emission of 2573.9Kg/h, a hydro carbonate emission of 0.288Kg/h, and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission of 0.589, indicating that the congestion had an effect on the environment According to the analysis, the level of service provided by the Imperial-Gerji intersection prior to the construction of the overpass bridge was F it mean that more traffic is coming and indicating inadequate comfort and increased accident risk, whereas the level of service provided by the intersection after the construction of the overpass bridge was LOS B it mean that continuous traffic flow, and. also indicating continuous traffic flow with substantial control over operational conditions. The following recommendations have been forwarded to important stakeholders for consideration. Imperial-gerji roundabout geometric components should be updated and built in accordance with modern roundabout design rules since they are quite valuable in terms of capability and traffic safety. Proposed building an additional overpass bridge from Hayahulete to Gerji, comparable to the one built from Megenagna to Bole, to improve the capability of a crossroads during peak hours. Keywords: Roundabout, Overpass Bridge, Capacity Analysis, Sidra intersection 9.1, Congestion
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    Integrating Transport and Land Use Planning Strategies for Sustainable Development in Addis Ababa: The Case Study of Lamberet Round About (Northern Bus Station)-Wosen-Mesalemiya-Kotebe Metropolitan University 02 Kotebe Corridor
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-03-01) Yigzaw Shewaye; Berhanu Woldetensae
    The integration of transport and land use is crucial for sustainable urban structures, but the study area as well as the city face challenges due to a lack of coordination between these sectors due to the traditional separation of sectorial functions into different government agencies, despite the city government's efforts. The objective of this study is to investigate ways of achieving sustainable development for integrated transport and land use planning strategies by evaluating the key elements and barriers to integration and proposing some possible solutions. The main research instruments used were document analysis and review, a questionnaire survey, and observation. Within these phenomena, varieties of socio-spatial data were collected from different sources and analyzed using various analytical techniques using ArcGIS and Excel. Then, the study analyzed and evaluated the key elements of integration; based on distribution of population density, land use mix, neighborhood design and layout, parking facilities, road accident, pollution, accessibilities, and assess way of integration development from secondary documents.in addition to this structured questionnaires were distributed to collect data from stake holders that involved in land use planning and transport planning in city administration. Density distribution is inversely related to both household ownership or uses and household annual vehicle traveled. There are several local streets that are directly linked and radiate with arterials, which may be due to poor road design or implementation. In addition, based on the accessibility indicator, the majority of the sub-city residents and study areas are disadvantaged and forced to walk more than the recommended standard value. The overall results obtained through the various analysis methods were used to develop further recommendations about how to integrate transport and land use planning strategies. Diversity of land use categories should be practiced during new settlement, infill development and other development mechanisms by keeping mix ratio standard. The separation of the pedestrian from the vehicle by providing adequate sidewalks is critical to enhancing the safety, security, and convenience of pedestrian users. Providing spaces/access for street vendors is important to increase the existing walkway capacities. Integrating transport and land use planning should start with the early planning process. A coordinated approach to transportation and land use planning resulted for many benefits to the sub-city residents and likely to become attractive for development. So that the government and other stake holders should support these two sectors. Key words: Land use planning, Sustainable development, Integration, Transport planning
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    Investigating City Growth Parameters for Emerging Towns in Ethiopia: The Case of Adadi Mariam, Bishan Guracha, and Ginchi Towns in Oromia Regional State.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-11-01) Gezu Yadete Kumbi; Berhanu Woldetensae
    Urbanization is a burning issue in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, the process does not happen all at once; rather, factors that occur gradually determine a city's spatial growth to attain its full capacity for expansion. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate growth-driving parameters and indicate ways of managing urban spatial growth in the emerging towns of Adadi Mariam, Bishan Guracha, and Ginchi in Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. The methods applied for the study were a cross-sectional study using descriptive and explanatory research approaches to identify parameters contributing to spatial growth in these towns. Thirteen (13) parameters were developed and ranked using snowball sampling techniques. Eighty (80) questionnaires for Ginchi town, seventy-five (75) for Bishan Guracha, and sixty-five (65) for Adadi Mariam were used for each town. Then detailed interviews were conducted with six (6) key informants from each town to understand the top-five ranked parameters' level of influence over the last 20 years. The result showed that the top-five growth parameters of the towns vary. The existence of a tourist attraction center, the provision of market service, proximity to major towns, the addition of new education services, and a specialty in agricultural productivity were the top-five ranked parameters for Adadi Mariam, respectively. Land and housing rent value, political decision influence, proximity to major towns, proximity to industries, and land topography ranked 1-4, while climate condition and the existence of a tourism attraction center ranked 5th for Bishan Guracha. Similarly, transportation accessibility, provision of market service, location on the national road, provision of administrative services, and addition of new educational services are the top five identified growth parameters for Ginchi town. Generally, Adadi Mariam town is mainly a religious event and tourism-dependent town. Whereas, land value and politics due to its location between Hawassa and Shashemene towns influenced Bishan Guracha highly. Ginchi town mainly developed due to its transportation connectivity with many woredas and other towns. Thus, techniques and strategies based on an understanding of the potentials of each town and development gaps that strengthen growth parameters should be applied to help the growth of emerging towns. Keywords: emerging towns; growth parameters; spatial growth; top-five ranked parameters
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    Investigating Spatial Accessibility of Public Transportation Network in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Case of Bus Stations Along Mexico to Hayahulet Road Corridor
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Fiyameta Mulugeta; Berhanu Woldetensae
    This research paper investigates the spatial accessibility of public transportation networks in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the context of time and distance. It highlights the underestimation of nonmotorized travel and the need for accessibility-based planning to address road problems and low transport accessibility in developing countries. This research's main objective is to investigate the public transportation network's spatial accessibility in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: the case of the Mexico to Hayahulet Route corridor. The methodology is particularly meticulous in terms of measuring the accessibility of bus stops, with a specific focus on walking distances regarded through the average comfortable walking paces and travel time to access different services and activities to be reached within a 15-minute walk. Based on the analysis the first method results illustrate, the existing Bus Stations from Mexico to Hayahulet are accessible to 31300 (62.6 %) individuals settled in 2.79 ha but less than half of the population in that area which is 18700 (37.72 %) individuals settled in 1.68 ha does not have an access to the specified road with a 500m travel distance standard. The accessibility based on time result showed that, around 68.5% of the population can access the bus stations within the standard limit whereas 31.5% of the population will have to walk an extra mile to access the nearest public bus stations. Further research should be conducted in other city areas to create a comprehensive view of public transport accessibility across Addis Ababa. Keywords: Spatial accessibility; Public transportation network; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Sustainable transportation system
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    Spatial Distrubution and Impact of Fuel Station on Traffic Flowi in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-11-01) Natnael Habtemaryam; Berhanu Woldetensae
    As cities grow and expand traffic flow also increases in cities this phenomenon may results in traffic congestion which is a major problem for urban mobility. This research study investigated the spatial distribution and impact of fuel stations on traffic flow in Addis Ababa city. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches and other forms of data collection techniques. Names and street addresses of the filling stations were obtained from government bodies. Global positioning System (with in a mobile phone device) was used to capture the location of the filling station. Arrival rate of Vehicles, service rate and number of servers were acquired on field by keeping track of when cars arrived at Fuel Stations and the amount of time it took to serve each car. The geographical data were imported to Arc Map environment of ArcGIS 10.5 and analyses for spatial distribution were performed in the Arc Map environment using spatial statistics, spatial analyst and proximity tools available in the software. For the traffic impact analysis M/M/s queuing theory method is used. The findings revealed that there are 131 Fuel Stations in Addis Ababa and 75 Fuel Stations are found on PAS (Principal arterial street) road type, 40 Fuel Stations are found on SAS (Sub arterial street) road type and 16 Fuel Stations are found on CS (Collector street) road type Furthermore, utilizing the M/M/S Queuing System, the study reveals that traffic intensity in sampled Fuel Stations in the CS road type, SAS (Sub arterial street), and PAS (Principal arterial street) road types is significantly higher than one, indicating high demand. However, in CS (Collector Street) road type none of the stations have traffic intensity below 1. In contrast, 19 of the sampled 22 Fuel Stations in the SAS (Sub Arterial Street) road type have traffic intensity greater than one. The majority of Fuel Stations in the PAS (Principal Arterial Street) road type have traffic intensity less than one. Analysis from arc gis software showed that fuel stations along the city road are not evenly distributed, rather they are more concentrated together at different centers. In conclusion this Fuel Stations have a significant impact on the flow of traffic during rush hours. In light of these findings, the study recommends the development of urban planning standards, zoning regulations, and traffic impact assessments to optimize fuel station distribution. Operational Efficiency and Traffic Management Strategies are essential components of sustainable urban mobility in Addis Ababa City. Key Words: Fuel Station, Traffic Impacts, Spatial Distribution, Traffic Intensity, Queuing Model, ArcGIS.
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    The Relationship Between Urban Spatial Structure and Travel Behavior of Residents in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-08-01) Yididya Yoseph; Berhanu Woldetensae
    One of the pressing issues Addis Ababa currently facing is transportation and associated challenges. Different solutions such as the provision of LRT, public transportation, and widening of streets have been applied to minimize the challenges related to transport by the concerned sectors. However, these strategies were only able to bring temporary solutions. Therefore, understanding the relationship between activity densities and individual travel behavior is essential. Concerning this the paper aims to provide evidence on the relationship between the spatial structure and travel behavior in Addis Ababa in order to bring a more sustainable and resilient solution to the transportation and associated challenges. The study applies a mixed research design that combines both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. To increase the accuracy of data both primary and secondary data have been acquired, the primary data were collected through questionnaires and household surveys, While the secondary data were from relevant offices and websites. The collected data for spatial structure study are encoded on GIS and analyzed using GIS tools and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet while travel behavior data are analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The findings initially identified the type of spatial structure Addis Ababa city has which is a mono-centric structure then calculated job-housing balance to select areas for travel behavior study which are from areas with high job-low housing, balanced job-housing, and low job-high housing ratios. Then from each area, we selected 128 participants a total of 384 using the purposive random sampling method. Finally, the research proved that spatial structure and travel behavior are related and areas that have a balanced job and housing ratio have a positive impact on travel behavior through the encouragement of sustainable modes of transportation, decreasing transportation expense as well as commuting time and its associated externalities. While areas with a low job–high housing have a more negative impact on travel behavior through their dependency on motorized vehicles, increased transportation expense, and a higher commuting time as well as increased VMT, CO2 emission, and energy consumption. Therefore, the balancing of jobs to housing should be a priority in the planning and design of cities along with the provision of affordable, quality, and mixed-income housing in different areas of a city. Keywords: Spatial Structure, Job - Housing balance, Travel Behavior, Transportation,
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    Transport Vulnerability and Coping Strategy in Addis Ababa: A Focus on Public Transit Service Users
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-01) Eleni Gebremeskel Habtu; Berhanu Woldetensae
    The exacerbated mobility challenges in many developing cities poses great challenges on planners and policy makers. Cities are increasingly growing and are undergoing rapid changes. As a result, a rising number of urban residents are facing higher cost of transport, traffic congestion, travel time and the resultant increase in their vulnerability. Vulnerability is a concept that has been applied in transport discourse or research in order to address the social dimension of mobility. The objective of this study is to examine the vulnerability, exposure of public transit users to travel difficulties and their coping strategies in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Personal, travel attributes and the contribution of broad factors such as government policies, population growth, physical expansion of the city and motorization rate to transit related vulnerability were considered in the analysis. Based on the pragmatic philosophical stance, the research used a mixed method approach. The analysis is based on a data collected in Addis Ababa from 457 public transit users. The study applied proportions, percentages and cross tabulation of key variables and statistical methods, such as one-way ANOVA, multinomial and binary logistic regression to analyze vulnerability and coping strategies of transit users. The result showed that low- and middle-income groups bear a higher level of travel burden, in terms of total travel time and percentage of income spent on transport than high income groups. The result also revealed that coping strategy use is higher among long distance travelers, middle income groups (regular commuters) and females than other groups. In terms of policy measures, the implementation of Urban Development Policy (UDP), inner-city redevelopment program induced relocation of low-income residents in the outskirts of the city and resulted in significant transit service coverage gap. Therefore, policy efforts that are meant to address social problems such as housing development policies have to properly be integrated with transport planning. This involves facilitating the integration of peoples and homes with employment and other essential infrastructure by mixing housing and job opportunities in the inner city and surrounding areas. From the results obtained by the analysis of desired improvement on public transport service, the first suggested area for improvement is availability followed by safety and security, affordability and comfort. The message is that public transit users are aware of the need for the improvement of the above-mentioned service parameters. Therefore, the research emphasizes the need to improve the current state of public transit service provision in the city by considering the needs and priorities of users. Keywords: Public transit, Vulnerability, Coping strategy, Addis Ababa