Public Management and Policy

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Browsing Public Management and Policy by Author "Abebe Mulugeta"

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    Assessment of Achievements and Challenges of the Implementation of Health Extension Program: The Comparative Study of Goro and Weliso Woredas.
    (A.A.U, 2010-07) Ayele Milkiyas; Abebe Mulugeta
    Ethiopian government has developed and implemented Health Extension Programme to improve the health status of communities particularly those who reside in rural areas of the country since 2004/5 . The thesis focuses on the assessment of achievements and challenges of the implementation of Health Extension Program. The objective of the study is to assess the achievements and challenges of Health Extension Program in Goro and Weliso woredas. As to the research methodology, descriptive method was used. Stratified multi- stage cluster sampling was employed to select sample households. Six (6) kebeles were randomly selected from the two woredas. From these kebeles a total of 150 households were randomly chosen. Simple random sampling was used to se lect Health Extension Workers (HEWs) and Supervisors. Purposive sampling was utilised to select woreda health administrators. Schedule questionnaire, observations and interview were applied to obtain first-hand information. Regarding the findings, the study shows that there have been poor performances in the execution of Health Extension Programme. In the malaria prevention and control package, the findings show that the Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets (ITNs) is not adequate to protect households being caught by malaria. It has been also widely observed that people utilise ITNs for different unintended purposes in the study areas. As to the family planning services, households resist to use family planning methods for a number of reasons such as religion matter. Moreover, evidences show that the current family planning fall short of communities' needs and expectations. Health posts and basic health service kits have been lacking for Health Extension Workers to fully serve the communities. On the other hand, Health Extension Workers also lack basic skills and knowledge to render quality health services. In the implementation of health education and communication package, sufficient time has not been allocated for it in study areas. Facilities such as construction of health posts and supply of equipments, medicines and supplies, strong health education and communication, alternative finance rising instruments to supplement operational budget, integrated refreshing trainings for Health Extension Workers, development of guidelines on the promotion, transfer, continuing education, salary increment are some of the major recommendations put forwarded.
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    The Challenges of HIV / AIDS Program Implementation in Addis Ababa City Administration with Particular Reference to Lideta Sub City
    (A.A.U, 2010-06) Derso Mesfin; Abebe Mulugeta
    The study was designed to explore the 'Challenges of HIV / AIDS Program Implementation in Addis Ababa City Administration, Lideta Sub-city'. It was mainly focusing on the challenges of coordination and collaboration within and across different organizations which were working against the xponential spread of HIV/AIDS. To conduct the research, mixed research approach was employed to triangulate one set of finding against the others. The subjects of the study were ten sub-cities in Addis Ababa city Administration. From them Lideta sub city was selected purposefully. In this sub-city, there were nine kebeles from which eighteen health supervisors and nine Kebele Health Office Heads; four directors and four core processors of HC; four AntiHIV/ AIDs associations (chairpersons, secretaries and cashiers, totally twelve persons); four Faith-based organizations one from each (Orthodox Christian, Catholic Christian, Protestant and Muslim); eight representative from private higher clinics and six NGOs who were working against HIV/AIDS in the Lideta sub-city were selected by using available sampling technique. This was because they were manageable sizes to the researcher. Data were mainly collected from 65 respondents using questionnaire for quantitative research and key interviews (4 top level NGO Chairpersons, 2 AAHAPCO office heads,1 sub-city HO head) and two Focus Group Discussions (male FGD and female FGD separately) . Frequency tables were used to see the rate of repetitions and interaction of the dependent and independent variables. All the gathered information was tallied and converted to percentiles. Percentile was used to compute in accordance with each categ ory. The general results of the study revealed that though commendable achievements have been obtained, there are still gray areas that should be addressed meticulously by all government and NGOs. A case in point was that, most of the strategies and programs seemed to lack coordination and collaboration within and across different organizations Based on the overall results, it was ecommended that both governmental and non-governmental organizations should create formalized system of communication, coordinated approach to the service, comprehensive client centered approaches and services to combat the ravages of HIV/AIDS pandemics easily.
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    A Comparative Study of the Service Delivery Performance of Government and Private Primary Schools in Addis Ababa
    (A.A.U, 2010-06) Teklewold Hailemariam; Abebe Mulugeta
    Changing expectations about the service delivery occur in every developing and developed society at different rate. In this aspect, comparison of service delivery in government and private primary schools is essentially important to bring great changes in primary schools. It was the main objective of this study to compare the service delivery in government and private primary schools at Gulele sub city. The study employed both qualitative and quantative approaches using case study method which was designed to answer the research questions rose. The respondents were students, teachers, directors and experts from kebele, sub city and regional education bureau. In order to collect data from the respondents' questionnaires, interview and school and office observations were conducted. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted. The result of the analysis showed that a considerable number of strengths and weaknesses in the service delivery were observed in the two types of schools. To overcome the weaknesses and maintaining the strengths, the study suggested that the service delivery in primary schools should get due attention.
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    Employees' Turnover in the Insurance Industry: A Comparative Study of Private and Government Insurance Companies
    (A.A.U, 2008-07) Tamiru Yonas; Abebe Mulugeta
    In Ethiopia, following the market economy declaration by the existing government,many insurance companies have been opened. Thus, the demand for professionals in the induslly has been increased. As a result the number of insurance professionals who are leaving insurance companies is increasing. Each time a position is vacated, either voluntarily or involuntarily, a new employee must be hired and trained. This replacement cycle is known as turnover (Robert 2002:395). This study has attempted to analyze the question, "is voluntary turnover higher in the private companies or in the government?" The analysis was done by taking job satisfaction parameters such as compensation system, promotion policy, supervisors' behaviour and working environment. It also assessed the dominant causes of voluntary turnover in the private and government insurance companies. To answer this question and to make the assessment, three private insurance companies, namely Nile, Nyala and United Insurance Share Companies and Ethiopian Insurance Corporation are selected. Stratified and convenient sampling techniques are used to select subjects from the existing and ex-employees of the identified insurance companies respectively. Then a total of 160 and 60 questionnaires are distributed to the existing and ex-employees of those insurance companies respectively. The findings from the collected data depict that employees' turnover in the private insurance companies are higher than the government counterpart. The reasons for these are that the private insurance ex-employees were highly dissatisfied with the working environment, supervisors' behaviour and promotion policy of their respective companies. Moreover, because of the dissatisfaction with promotion policy and compensation system, more than two-third of the privates and half of the government current employees have an intension to quit their jobs. To conclude, since employee turnover is a problem for insurance companies and the rate is still increasing at an increasing rate, all of the previously identified insurance companies should recons ider their compensation system, promotion policy, working environment in order to build satisfied employees who work at greater productivity rates and enhance the level of profits.
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    Good Governance and Participatory Democracy: The Challenges and Opportunities a Casesstudy of Addis Ababa City Administration (AACA)
    (A.A.U, 2007-08) Otore Dilamo; Abebe Mulugeta
    Thi s study assessed key governance chall enges in Addis Ababa city govelnment, and present recent empirical evidences. the paper begins defining and elaborating key governance components, such as participation, rule of law, transparency, responsiveness consensus buildin g, effe cti veness and efficiency, accountability, fairness and inclusiveness and strategic vision. the study developed a random sample based on a multistage, stratified, area cluster approach, which gave every eligible adult in each enumeration area to have an equal chance of being selected. In the 10 sub-ci ti es, in total 350 of respondents were caltied out 3 18 of whi ch were responded- an overall response rate of 90.86%. design of the questionnaires used in the study has contained certain standard questions. ident ically worded items are used for purposes of comparison and locating public opinions in city govern anc e system. the main govemance issues discussed in this study include citizen participation and governance partnership, civil society engagement 111 governance process and development programs, working arrangements between city government and the private sector, culture of accountability, communication practices and access to infomlation, extent 0 0 transparency in financial arrangements, decision making approaches, inclusiveness and fairness in dealing with citizens, attractiveness of laws and programs to assist community, management efficiency and effectiveness in adopting and resourcing a customer-centered strategy for budgeting and finall y, democratic consolidation and its working culture in city administration. the study then provides evidences which suggest a sobering picture: on average, there appears to be weak progress in ten11S of good governance and participatory democracy in city government jurisdiction in recent times Recommendations in the study are suggested including ensuring effective participation, promoting ' effective partnerships and participatory planning approach, strengthening accountability culture and a corruption free govel11 ance system, addressing political polarization in governance system, and nurturing and choosing foresighted leaders