Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Anti-Rabies Activity of Convolvulus Kilimandschari, Kalanchoe Lanceolate and Stephania Abyssinica, Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Rabies in Arsi Zone, Oromia Regi onal State, Ethiopia.
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Date
2021-10
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background; -Rabies is viral zoonotic disease progressive neurological infection which causes
encephalitis in all warm-blooded animals. Dogs are the greatest reservoir host and transmit the
disease to other animals and man. It is 100% fatal after the on-set of clinical manifestation of the
disease. Plants are widely used conventionally for the treatment of rabies and contribute to the
development of modern drug and treatment of this disease.
Objective: -The objectives of this study was to assess the acute toxicity and anti-rabies activity
effect of C. kilimandschari, K. lanceolate and S. abyssinica, traditionally used for the treatment of
human rabies.
Methods: - An experimental study was conducted between February, 2020 and June, 2021. In vivo
acute toxicity and anti-rabies activity test was done in 78 Swiss albino mice. Extract was prepared
from the powdered study plant using 70 % hydro-ethanol and concentrated by using rotary
evaporator. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of biochemical parameters. Brain
samples were collected for confirmatory test of rabies virus. Data was analyzed using SPSS version
26 for windows software, Statistical analysis was undertaken by one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA).
Results; -In this experiment, 20,15and 30gm crude extract / yield/ obtained from 100gm powdered
70%hydro ethanol extracted of C. kilimandschari, K. lanceolate and S. Abyssinia respectively.
The crude extract of S. Abyssinica did exhibit sign of toxicity at dose 550mg/kg treatment groups
of mice, The LD50 of Abyssinica was 560mg/kg.C. Kilimandschari and K. lanceolate did not
exhibited any sign of toxicity at all doses levels. The level of serum enzyme ALPand CHO of
mice treated with C. Kilimandschari were highly reduced. However, ALT, AST, BILD, BILT,
Urea and K were increased in treated mice with K. lanceolate compared to negative control. All
plant crude extract did show significantly(p<0.05) increase in the survival period of time compared
to positive control group of mice and they have anti-rabies activity in all dose of crude extracts.
Conclusion: - All plant extracts had demonstrated significant anti-rabies virus survival rate as
compared to positive control groups. However, there is a need of large scale and detail studies
should be designed.
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Keywords
Acute toxicity, Anti-rabies activity, Stephania Abyssinica, Convolvulus Kilimandschari and kalanchoe Lanceolate.