Onychomycosis: Prevalence and spectrum of fungal etiological agents among patients attending the dermatology clinic at All African Tuberculosis and Leprosy Rehabilitation Training CenterOnychomycosis: Prevalence and spectrum of fungal etiological agents among patients attending the dermatology clinic at All African Tuberculosis and Leprosy Rehabilitation Training Center
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Date
2018-07
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Background: Onychomycosis is among the most frequent forms of human infections; being
estimated to affect more than 20-25% in worldwide, and their incidence is constantly increasing
particularly in developing countries. Although onychomycosis is considered to be a trivial
disease the psychological effects of onychomycosis is highly considerable and because of its
high morbidity it is a costly disease in terms of loss of working days and treatment. Anyone can
get a fungal nail infection. Some people may be more likely than others to get a fungal nail
infection, including older adults and people who have nail injury or nail surgery, Diabetes and a
weakened immune system and blood circulation problems.
Objective: - To determine the prevalence of onychomycosis and profile fungal etiologic agents
collected from clinical suspected samples in All African TB and Leprosy Rehabilitation Training
Center.
Methods: -a cross sectional study design from January to May, 2018 was conducted. A total of
303 study participants were collected by convenient sampling techniques. By using standard
structured questionnaire socio-demographic data was collected and fungal pathogen from
scraped nail sample was isolate and identified by using KOH microscopic examination and
cultivation on sabouroud and chromo agar. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 software
and P- value < 0.05 was considered as statically significant.
Results:-The overall prevalence is of onychomycosis185/303(61.3 %) in our study site. Non
Dermatophytes was the most prevalent (34.5%), followed by dermatophytes (28.1%), yeast
(25.9%) and mixed (10%). fungal pathogen .Aspergillus was the most common species (spp)
isolated among the non dermatophytes, whereas t.tonsurans and t.mentagrophyte spp were
among the dermatophytes and from yeast genes Candida albican were isolated.
Conclusion: The prevalence and profile of fungal onychomycosis infections seems to be related
to age, life style, and the presence of co-morbidities (P= 0.03). The present study indicated that
non dermatophytes were the main agents causing onychomycosis. In the meantime performing
direct examination and fungal culture was important to diagnoseand treat the patients.
Predisposing factors have a contribution to increase the incidence of onychomycosis.
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Keywords
OnychomycosisPrevalence Risk factors