Production and Characterization of Oil from Brassica Nigra Seeds Using the Solvent Extraction Method
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Date
2018-11
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AAU
Abstract
The objective of this study was the production and characterization of oil from Brassica
Nigra seeds using the soxhlet extraction method were undertaken. In the soxhlet extraction
a n-hexane was chosen to determine the effect of extraction time (2,4 and 6 hours),
extraction temperature (65,70 and 75℃) and solid to solvent ratio (0.08,0.1 and 0.12) on
yield of extraction oil. Firstly, the oil extract was characterized by density, moisture
content, specific gravity, viscosity and refractive index, saponification value, iodine value,
acid value, peroxide value and the results were compared with literature. The results
showed that there is no difference from the seed oil extract from the Brassica nigra seeds
which was producing in other parts of the world. therefore, the extraction and
physicochemical properties of seed oil from Brassica nigra seed using a soxhlet extraction
method has been carried out. A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to extraction
process using Design Expert software and linear regression model was obtained growing
the individual effect of extraction time, solid to solvent ratio and extraction temperature as
parameter and their interaction in the entire extraction process. For the soxhlet extraction,
the maximum oil yield has been determined as 46.205% after the extraction time of 2 hours
with solid to solvent ratio (0.12g/mL) at extraction temperature of 70℃ and the minimum
oil yield 34.97% was found at the extraction time of 4 hours with extraction temperature
of 65℃ at solid to solvent ratio (0.08 g/mL). Therefore, increasing solid to solvent ratio,
extraction temperature and decreasing extraction time will increase the amount of oil
extracted.the selected seed oil properties (specific gravity,viscosity, density, Saponification
Value, Acid Value, Iodine Value, Peroxide Value and refractive index) of the extracted oil
were determined and the result of characterization of the oil indicated that the viscosity at
21ºC ( 9.16*10^-6 m2/s) and specific gravity at 20℃ ( 0.89346), density(0.8891g/cm3),
Saponification Value(172.788 mgKOH/gm), Acid Value(2.992 ), Iodine Value(95.26),
Peroxide Value(2.14) and refractive index(1.45504) .
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Keywords
Brassica Nigr, Solvent Extraction, Oil