Seroprev Alence and Risk Factors of Small Ruminant Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Arsis and East Shoazones, Oro Mia Region, Ethiopia
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Date
2012-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted between October, 20 II and March, 2012 in Arsi (Tiyo
and Dodota Sire districts) and East Shoa (Adami Tulu-lido Kombolcha district) zones of Oromia
region to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants and to assess possible
risk factors associated with the disease. Two stage cluster sampling was employed by which 9
peasant associations were identified as primary sampling units and 131 herd s/flocks as secondary
units. A total of 840 blood samples (409 sheep and 43 l goats) were collected from small
ruminants of the three districts. All the sera samples were initially screened by modified Rose
Bengal Test (mRBT) and all mRBT positive reactors were further tested by Indirect Enzyme
Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) test for confirmation. All the 39(4.6%) sera samples that
were positive by mRBT also tested positive for iELISA test. The individual animal and herd
level seroprevalence of brucellosis in the study area were 4.6% and 26% respectivel y. There is a
statistically significant difference in seropositivity to the disease between different age groups
(P<0.05), pregnancy status (P<0.05) and parity number (P<0.05) in univariable logistic
regression. Parity and pregnancy status showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05)
upon further analysis with multivariable logistic regress ion. The difference in seroprevalence
between male (6.7%) and female (4.4%) sheep and goats was not statistically significant
(P>0.05). Ri sk of seropositivity was also independent of herd/flock size (P>0.05) and occurrence
of abortion (P>0.05). In addition, a total of 80 owners of small ruminants were selected randomly
and interviewed using structured questionnaire. Analysis of the questionnaire survey suggested
that small ruminant owners in the study area practiced improper handling and di sposal of aborted
material. Moreover, they lack awareness about the disease and some of them consume raw milk.
These practices might greatly contribute to further spread of the disease in their livestock and
expose the community to a public health hazard. From management ri sk factors, seasonal
migration of herds was found to be significantly associated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of the
disease. The results of this study demonstrated that small ruminant brucellosis is widely
prevalent in the study areas. Hence, the study suggests the need for implementing control
measures and raising public awareness on prevention methods of brucellosis.
Keywords: Brucellosis, Small Ruminant, Zoonosis, Risk Factors, Arsi Zone, East Shoa zone
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Keywords
Brucellosis, Small Ruminant, Zoonosis, Risk Factors, Arsi Zone, East Shoa zone