Assessment of hematological parameters among asthmatic patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2023-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease which belongs to the leading causes of
mortality globally. Airway inflammation involves an interaction of many blood cells.
Consequently, asthmatic condition can alter blood parameters mainly neutrophil and eosinophil.
However, the role of other major leukocyte parameters, red blood cell (RBC) indices and mean
platelet volume (MPV) are less investigated.
Objective: To assess hematological parameters among asthmatic patients at Tikur Anbessa
Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out from January to May 2023 at
TASH in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 320 study participants consisting of 160 asthmatic
patients and 160 healthy controls were included using convenient sampling technique. A
completed blood count (CBC) was analyzed by using Beckman coulter hematology analyzer. To
determine the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Westergren method was used. Data was
analyzed using the SPSS software (version 26). Independent t-test was used to compare the mean
hematological values of the asthmatic patients and healthy controls. Binary logistic regression
was used to assess the association of asthmatic patients with selected risk factors. Statistical
significance was determined at P value less than 0.05.
Results: The mean age, percentage of females and resident in urban areas of study participants
were 49.53 and 40.72 years old, 55.0% and 51.2% and 84.4% and 89.4% for cases and controls,
respectively. The mean values of all WBC parameters, MPV and ESR with the exception of
platelet count in asthmatic patients had significant mean difference compared with control
groups. ESR value, MPV, total WBC count and absolute and relative counts of neutrophil,
eosinophil and basophil were significantly high in asthmatic patients compared to controls. On
the other hand absolute and relative counts of lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly
lower in asthmatic patients.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated a statistical significant difference in most of hematological
parameters among asthmatic patients than the controls. Therefore, hematological parameters
showed significant mean difference should be considered for proper management of asthma.
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Keywords
Hematological abnormalities, Asthma, Neutrophilia, Eosinophilia