Surgery
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Item Impact of Early Postoperative Complications on Short-term Functional Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Patient Satisfaction Following Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors: A Prospective Cohort Study at AAU, BLH & MCM Hospitals(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09) Abraha Weldu; Thomas BogaleThe retrosigmoid craniotomy is effective for cerebellopontine angle tumors but poses risks like facial nerve dysfunction. Limited studies have examined the impact of postoperative complications on quality of life, indicating a need for comprehensive research. This study used validated instruments to assess these effects on patients' well-beingItem Prevalence and Determinants of Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-23) Dagmawi Geremew; Mekonen EsheteBilateral cleft lip is a common problem that mandates intervention. However, the surgery has a high learning curve and is technically demanding, which requires a delicate skill with an understanding of the complex three-dimensional anatomy of the lip and the nose. More recently, cleft surgery simulators have been developed and proposed as potential solutions for challenges facing cleft surgery education. Trainings using a simulator were shown to significantly improve the competence and proficiency of trainees. The first simulator-based bilateral cleft lip repair training was conducted at ALERT Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We evaluated the impact and effectiveness of the training in this study.Item Outcome Determinants of Decompressive Craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: Multicentric Prospective Cohort Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024.(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-23) Kedir Dekebi; Mersha WMany local as well as global figures portends neurotrauma as a commonest cause of trauma mortality and brain trauma foundation designed a tier system to maximize care and reduce mortality. From those protocol, decompressive craniectomy (DC) is the last tier and likely potentially viable option in Low- and middle-income (LMIC) country like Ethiopia as there is lack of invasive neuromonitoring and control of intracranial pressure. We hope our study will make a room in our future patient selection and optimal care.Item Magnitude of Residual Shunt and Associated Factors Among Children for Whom Surgical ligation Done for Patent Ductus Arteriosus at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Cardiac Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-15) Abdela Hayato; Abebe BezabihPatent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart disease where the fetal ductus arteriosus does not close spontaneously after birth. Unless treated, its persistence results in non-physiologic blood flow between the proximal descending thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery. Among the operated patients with double ligation, 2 to 23% of them may develop residual shunts which may complicate with rare but fatal endarteritis and embolic phenomena. However, little is known about the magnitude of residual shunt and associated factors among children operated for patent ductus arteriosus in EthiopiaItem Prevalence and Risk Factors of Post Thoracotomy Pain Syndromeinaddis Abeba Publichospitals, Ethiopia, A Prospective Cohort Study Frojuoctober 2024 Gc.(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-15) Abel Getachew; Abebe BezabihThoracotomy is one of the most painful operative procedures. Ineffective postoperative pain management practice in this procedure will result in physiological and psychosocial deterioration which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. This can be reduced by ensuring adequate analgesia using multimodal technique with regional blocks. So far epidural block is the gold standard, intercostal, and paravertebral blocks are the alternatives which results in somatic and sympathetic blockade of multiple dermatomes and reduce pain. Objective: The Prevalence and Risk factors of post thoracotomy pain syndrome in TAH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was assessed during the study period from July to November 2024 GC. Method: A prospective Crossectional study was doneItem 30 Day Perioperative Outcome and Associated Factors For Morbidity and Mortality of Patients that Undergo Elective Surgical Intervention for Colonic Cancer in Tikur Anbesa and Zewditu Memorial Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-10) Adamzer Mulugeta; Abel ShiferawColorectal cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in Ethiopia, where the incidence is rising. With this rise has come the increment of surgeries being done with curative intent with subsequent implications on morbidity and mortality of patients.Item Clinical and Functional Outcome of Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer for Recurrent Clubfoot in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: A 3-year Retrospective Cohort Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-10) Alazar Menbere; Birhanu AyanaClubfoot is a common foot deformity found in babies. The main aim of treatment is to make the foot look and function normally, without causing any pain. The Ponsetti method is the most widely used treatment, which has a success rate of 92%. However, about one-third of cases may experience relapse. In such cases, Tibialis anterior tendon transfer (TATT) is recommended for those above the age of three. Literature is scarce on the functional and clinical outcomes of TATT and the interplay between the two. Furthermore, factors which lead to poor outcomes are largely unexplored. Two cost-effective outcome assessment tools are the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire and the Pirani/Bohm/Sinclair (PBS) score.Item Analysis of Postcholecystectomy Syndrome, Single Institution Experience, Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-13) Bamlack Shewandagn; Sahlu WondimuGallstone disease ranks among the most prevalent surgical conditions, with cholecystectomy being the primary treatment for gallstones. Post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) refers to a variety of symptoms that occur in patients following gallbladder removalItem Patterns of Care and Treatment outcomes of High-Grade Glioma patients at four Ethiopian teaching Hospitals(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-10) Dawit Workneh; Tsegazeab LaekeHigh-grade gliomas are the most prevalent type of malignant brain tumor in adults. The most prevalent cancers of the primary central nervous system (CNS) in adults are malignant astrocytoma, which includes anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III), Malignant Astrocytoma (IDH mutant) or glioblastoma - IDH wild-type (WHO grade IV), and gliosarcoma (WHO grade IV). They are the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the young adult population and are linked with significant morbidity. Despite extensive study, people with malignant gliomas continue to have a dismal prognosis. The goal of this study is to assess the care and treatment outcomes for people with this conditionItem Operative survival of Children with Congenital Encephalocele at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa University, College of health sciences and School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-03) Dejen Tekiea; Abat SahluEncephalocele, a subtype of neural tube defects, is characterized by the protrusion of cranial contents through a defect in the skull. The goal of surgery for encephalocele involves excision of the sac, followed by watertight dural repair, and often reconstruction of the bony defect. Survival of children born with EC varies widely across the regionsItem Determinants of Surgical Management Outcome for Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated at Tikur anbessa Speclized Hospital Minilik ll Hoospital st Peter Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia Multi-Centre Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-10) Desalegn Fekadu; Berhanu NegaEsophageal cancer (EC) is an insidious malignant disease affecting the esophagus, originates in the esophagus, muscular tube between the throat and stomach. It has two major histological subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Globally, esophageal cancer is the seventh leading type of cancer and in addition, it remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The management of esophageal cancer involves a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The study aims to shed light on the various elements affecting the success of esophageal cancer surgical management, ranging from patient demographics to treatment modalities employed at TASH, Minilik II and St Peter Hospitals.Item Perception and Knowledge of Patient’s Towardsinformed Consent Onsurgical Procedures Intertiary Teaching Hospital,Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-23) Endale Aschenaki; Tigist geberyuohanesPerception and Knowledge of Patient’s To wardsinformed Consent Onsurgical Procedures Intertiary Teaching Hospital,Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024Item Disclosure of Errors and Adverse Events; knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Surgical Residents and Surgeons. Cross Sectional Study Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, December,2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-03) Etana kisi; Tesfaye AgaError and adverse event is universal in medical practice. Error and adverse event in surgical discipline is more common and is associated with serious outcome causing permanent disability and death. It is generally recommended to disclose error and adverse events. But the rate of disclosure varies in different part of the world and is affected by physicians’ knowledge and attitude and community culture. The art of surgery is complex adaptive system which require progressive physical skill and cognitive growth. The need for quick reaction time, long hour procedures, team coordination have high potential for error. Errors are made at high cost of patient disability and death. Studies conducted in various developed countries have reported adverse patient events occurring in 3-30% of hospital admissions with permanent disability or death rates of about 0.4-0.8%.(1) In developing countries, a death rate of 5-10% for major surgery is reported.(1) This shows medical error occurred universally in both developed and developing countries and the rate is even higher in developing countries. The data from sub- Saharan countries is lackingItem Patterns and Surgical Treatment Outcome of Hydatid Disease of The Liver At Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-19) Fikreyohanis Shewa; Abebe AlemayehuHuman echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus tapeworms, occurs worldwide, with cystic echinococcosis found globally except in Antarctica and alveolar echinococcosis limited to the northern hemisphere. In 2020, 23 out of 27 EU/EEA countries reported 529 confirmed cases out of 624. Herbivores and omnivores serve as intermediate hosts, while carnivores are definitive hosts. Humans, as accidental intermediate hosts, do not transmit the parasite. From 2002 to 2006, 24 hydatidosis cases were detected among 36,402 ultrasound patients in EthiopiaItem Early Post-Operative Morbidities Following Early Versus Delayed Sigmoidectomy After Sigmoid Volvulus(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-02) Habtamu Atalel; Solomon BekeleSigmoid volvulus (SV) is characterized by the abnormal twisting of the sigmoid colon on its mesentery. It is the number one cause of acute LBO in Ethiopia. The incidence of SV varies among different regions. In Western countries, it accounts for 1-5% of all colonic obstructions, while in Ethiopia, it accounts for 58-69% of the LBO. It has a high recurrence rate of about 30 % to 80% and a significant mortality rate reaching 25–50% in some case series. According to the current practice guidelines, patients who present with uncomplicated SV are initially managed by endoscopic decompression followed by Sigmoidectomy. Sigmoidectomy carries inherent risks, including surgical site infections, anastomotic leaks, and cardio-respiratory complications. The study aimed to assess the early postoperative outcome of index and elective Sigmoidectomies.Item The Success of Intermittent Uroselective Alpha-Blocker on Continuous Alpha-Blocker Respondent BPH Patients(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09) Kumlachew Tilahun; Fitsum SolomonSuccess of Intermittent Uroselective Alpha-Blocker on Continuous Alpha-Blocker Respondent BPH PatientsItem Economic Burden and Associated Factors Influencing Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Patients Undergoing Elective Cranial Surgery in a Public Tertiary Hospital.(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-19) Mehari Wale; Thomas BogaleAchieving universal health coverage (UHC) by 2030, as enshrined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, promises access to quality essential healthcare, medicines, vaccines, and financial safeguards for all. [1] however access to life-saving surgeries remains elusive for a staggering 5 billion people, with low and middle income countries ( LMICs) bearing the brunt of this crisis. In these regions, a mere 10% have adequate access to safe, timely, and affordable surgical care.[2]Item Self-Assessment of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgeon’s Attitude, Skills and Practice to wards Extremity Vascular Injury Management in Ethiopia: A National Survey (2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024) Mehariw Zena; Bezawit TeferiTraumatic vascular injuries of the extremities are a major challenge, especially in third-world countries. Orthopedic and trauma surgeons are usually consulted to evaluate and manage orthopedic-related vascular injuries. this study aims to assess orthopedic and trauma surgeons’ attitudes, skills, and practice toward extremity vascular injury management in Ethiopia: A national survey.Item Assessment on Competency in Interpretation of Emergency CXR among Emergency and Critical Care Medicine residents in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-10) Misiker W/kidan; Merhai KefyalewThe chest X-ray (CXR) is an important diagnostic tool in diagnosing and monitoring a spectrum of diseases. It has a crucial role in the clinical decision-making process. The chest radiograph is the most commonly performed radiologic examination and can be one of the most complex and most difficult to interpret. Emergency physicians and residents are required to interpret CXR. Competence in interpreting Emergency CXR is essential for emergency and critical care residents to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies in developing countries assessing the competency levels of emergency and critical care medicine residentsItem Clinical Features and Histopathologic Distribution of Granuloma in Colonoscopy Biopsy(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-09) Natnael Gebeyehu; Abel ShiferawHistopathologic examination of colonoscopy biopsies is vital for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases. Granulomas, focal aggregates of immune cells associated with chronic inflammation, are a key area of study. They can be categorized into foreign body granulomas, which isolate non-reactive substances without a T cell response, and immune granulomas, which involve continuous T cell-mediated reactions. Granulomas exhibit various patterns, such as foreign body, epithelioid, xanthogranulomatous, suppurative, and necrotizing types, each indicating different causes. They can result from infections such as TB, non-infectious conditions like Crohn’s disease, drug reactions, inherited disorders, malignancies, or idiopathic conditions. Accurate classification is crucial for effective management, ranging from antimicrobial therapy to immunosuppressive treatment. Despite challenges in granuloma distribution and morphology, histopathology remains essential for diagnosing intestinal granulomatous disease and differentiating between IBD subtypes and other conditions