Internal Medicine
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Item Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension and its Associated Factors among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-05) Yemisrach Begasha; Hanan YusufPulmonary Hypertension (PH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) including patients on dialysis, but its magnitude remains unknown in Ethiopia.Item Procedural Success Rate and its Associated Factors of Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Device Closure among Adolescent and Adult Patients In Ethiopia, 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-05) Derebe Assefa; Desalew MekonnenAtrial septal defect (ASD) is the leading congenital heart disease(CHD) in adults and its prevalence is increasing. Secundum ASD is the most common type of ASD, and it results in different complications if left untreated. Surgery has been the only option to close ASD for several decades. Transcatheter ASD device closure has revolutionized and replaced surgery due to its lower complication rate, avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass, lower comorbidity, lower cost, avoidance of sternotomy scar and shorter hospital stay. But the efficacy and safety of this noninvasive procedure is not well known in East Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess the success rate and its predictors of transcatheter ASD device closure in EthiopiaItem Inpatient Prevalence of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism and Associated factors in Tuberculosis Patients, in Two Major Referral Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-05) Assefa Dessalegn; Hanan YusufBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), yet data on VTE prevalence and predictors in TB-endemic, resource-limited settings including in Ethiopia remain scarceItem Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Associated Risk Factors at Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital Lancet Specialized Hospital and Rheum Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Specialized Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04) Asres,Mahder Abebe; Abdissa,Becky(MD, Consultant Internist and Rheumatologist); Demelash,Birhanu(MD, Consultant Internist and Rheumatologist)Background: One of the most well known extra articular consequences of RA is osteoporosis (OP), which affects nearly twice as many RA patients as the general population. Approximately 30% of RA patients had osteoporosis, compared to 17% of age and sex matched controls who had the condition. Complex processes, including the generation of inflammatory cytokines, the activation of osteoclasts, and the use of glucocorticoids to treat RA, lead to bone fragility in the disease. Objective: Assessment of the prevalence and associated risk factors of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Lancet Specialized Hospital and Rheum Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Specialized Centre. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa specialized Hospital, Lancet Specialized Hospital and Rheum Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Specialized Centre, from October 1 to November 30. Data were collected using a structured chart review administered questionnaire and data extraction form. Data were analyzed using SPSS V25. To identify associated risk factors in osteoporosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, bivariable and multivariable analysis were done. In our study, multivariable analysis was used, a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Text, tables, and graphs were used to convey the results, which were then evaluated to provide useful information. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 58% among RA patients. The determinant factors of osteoporosis were age >60 compared to age 40 60 years (AOR=10.3), duration of RA >15 years compared to those with duration of RA <15 years (AOR=7.3), use of prednisolone medication (AOR=7.5), and HDL ≤40 mg (AOR=6.1). The continuous variables of age, duration of RA, serum creatinine mg/dl, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure showed a positive significant relationship with BMD. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 58% among RA patients. Age, duration of RA, Serum creatinine, and diastolic and systolic blood pressures were significantly associated with increased risk of osteoporosis.Item Cytological Patterns of Patients Presenting with Lymphadenopathy in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-19) Abdurrhman Kedir; Yonas GirmaFrom benign infections to rare malignancies, lymph node enlargement, or lymphadenopathy, presents a diagnostic challenge. Children often experience harmless or infectious causes, while adults face a spectrum from benign to cancerous origins. Acute or chronic, unexplained cases emerge in 0.6% of the population yearly. Though only 1.1% link to cancer, this risk increases with age. Understanding these patterns aids in the proper evaluation and management of lymphadenopathy across different patient groupsItem Histopathologic Patterns of Thyroid Cancer from September 2019 up Toaugust 2024 in Tikur-Anbessa Specialized Hospital(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-15) Alemwork Amare; Wondwossen ErgeteThyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer globally, representing 1.5% of all cancers. The prevalence of thyroid cancer varies across different geographic areas. In Ethiopia, there are some studies and data on the prevalence of thyroid cancer and indicate that the prevalence of thyroid cancer is increasing, with papillary thyroid cancer being the predominant type, accounting for approximately 22% of all endocrine cancers and 85% of thyroid cancers. There are also regional variations in the distribution of different histologic subtypes. Understanding the histopathologic patterns of thyroid carcinoma is vital for accurate diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and the delivery of appropriate treatment optionsItem Assessment of the Quality of Outpatient Endoscopic Procedures by Using A Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Abeba Ethiopia, 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04) Amanuel Alemayehu; Yohannes BirhanuOutpatient endoscopic procedures, such as gastroscopy and colonoscopy, are essential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in gastroenterology. As healthcare systems increasingly focus on quality improvement and patient-centered care, patient satisfaction has emerged as a critical indicator of the overall quality of healthcare services. The Global Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire (GESQ) is a validated tool measuring patient satisfaction in endoscopic settingsItem Trends of Optimal Anti-Coagulation For Patients with Atrialfibrillation at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Cardiology Unit(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-15) Dawit Bineyam; Dejuma YadetaAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for stroke, and proper anticoagulation management is one of the main pillars of treatment of atrial fibrillation to prevent cardioembolic complications.However, data on anticoagulation practices and quality are limited in Ethiopia. Identifying gaps in anticoagulation management is critical for improving patient outcomes and reducing stroke-related morbidity in low-resource settingsItem Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Risk Factors for Poor Hrqol at Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-10) Biruk Sisay; Becky AbdissaSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that significantly affects the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. Understanding the factors influencing HRQoL in SLE patients is crucial for improving patient care and outcomesItem Clinical Risk Assessment of Osteoporosis in Patients with Overt Hyperthyroidism in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Endocrinology Unit, April 2025(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-19) Zerubabel Getahun; Paulos EfremOsteoporosis is a significant public health concern characterized by low bone mineral density and an increased fracture risk, particularly in patients with overt hyperthyroidism. However, data on the magnitude of osteoporosis risk in this population, particularly in Ethiopia, remain limitedItem Bacteriological Quality, Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia Coli and Associated Factors of Tap Water at Gulelle and Yeka Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05) Fente,Desalegn; Hailu,Melese (MSc, PhD); Abera,Dessie(MSc, PhD candidate)Background: Providing safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is a challenge in low-income countries. Objective: This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality of tap water, antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli and associated factors of tap water in Gulelle and Yeka sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 tap water samples collected from May 13 to July 26 2024. Sample culturing for the isolation of coliforms was carried out through the application of membrane filtration technique and aerobic plate count (APC) carried out by the pouring plate method. The coliforms were enumerated and presented in CFU/100 ml of the water sample and APC presented in CFU/ 100ml. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby–Bauer method on Mueller–Hinton Agar. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27, both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From a total 341 of tap water samples, 64 (18.8%), 50 (14.7%), 30 (8.8%), and 278 (81.5%) of them contaminated with total coliforms, thermotolerant, E. coli, and APC, respectively was indicate a contamination level. The isolated E. coli exhibited a significant level of antimicrobial resistance, with complete resistance observed to amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (80%), and nitrofurantoin (70%). In contrast, all 30 E. coli were (100%) susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, while 25 isolates (83.3%) demonstrated susceptibility to Tazobactam and chloramphenicol. Multi drug-resistances, amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (80%), and nitrofurantoin (70%), were observed in Escherichia coli. The contamination of tap water with E. coli was significantly linked to some factors, including the existence of damaged or leaking pipes (AOR: 9.9, 95% CI: 4.09-24.15), the close proximity of latrines to water sources (AOR: 7.19, 95% CI: 2.93-17.64), and inadequate waste management practices (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.02-6.3). Conclusion and recommendation: In this research, the analysis of tap water samples revealed a significant level of contamination, indicating that the tap water was polluted at a rate of 64.7 CFU per 100 milliliters. This situation necessitates the implementation of water quality and antimicrobial resistance surveillance and monitoring.Item Trends of Optimal Anti-Coagulation For Patients with Atrialfibrillation at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Cardiology Unit(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-15) Dawit Bineyam; Dejuma YadetaAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for stroke, and proper anticoagulation management is one of the main pillars of treatment of atrial fibrillation to prevent cardioembolic complications.However, data on anticoagulation practices and quality are limited in Ethiopia. Identifying gaps in anticoagulation management is critical for improving patient outcomes and reducing stroke-related morbidity in low-resource settingsItem Assessment of the Patient Reported Health Related Quality of Life and its Associated Factors Among Patients with ESKD Undergoing Hemodialysis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04) Eleni Amissew; Yewondwossen TadesseBackground: ESKD and hemodialysis impose a significant burden on HRQOL, particularly in low-resource settings. Understanding the patient-reported outcomes health related quality of care among ESKD patients on hemodialysis is crucial for improving patient-centered care.Item Microbiological Profile and Resistance Patterns in Adult Medical ICU Patients: A Multicenter Study in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-15) Elias Tekleselassie; Wondossen AmogneAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most significant threats to humanity, with its impact being highest in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although intensive care units (ICUs) house a small proportion of hospital patients, they account for a significant share of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, leading to increased morbidity and mortalityItem Effect of Christian Orthodox Fasting on Glycemic and Blood Pressure Control among type 2 Diabetic Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-13) Fasika Gintamo; Sisay TekluType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), frequently complicated by hypertension, poses significant challenges in low-resource settings. Structured fasting, a religious relevant practice in regions like Ethiopia, remains understudied for its metabolic benefits and risksItem Assessment of Magnitude and Determinants of Variceal Bleeding among Cirrhotic Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital:A Retrospective Follow up Study(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-23) Getachew Kassaw; Rezene BerheGastroesophageal varices (GEVs) rupture and bleeding are severe complications of chronic liver disease (CLD), often leading to high mortality. Identifying determinant factors associated with gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage (GEVH) is crucial for the effective management and prevention of these life threatening complications.Item The Rate and Predictors of Progression among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Follow-Up, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 – 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-05) Getasew Kassaw; Addisu MelkieChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition and a major global health issue that affects over 8 million people worldwide. However, information on the rate and predictors of CKD progression is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the rate and predictors of CKD progression in chronic kidney disease patients who underwent follow-up in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 2020 to 2024.Item The Rate and Predictors of Progression among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Follow-Up, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 – 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-23) Getasew Kassaw; Addisu MelkieChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition and a major global health issue that affects over 8 million people worldwide. However, information on the rate and predictors of CKD progression is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the rate and predictors of CKD progression in chronic kidney disease patients who underwent follow-up in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 2020 to 2024Item Clinical And Functional Assessment of Copd Patientsand Correlation of their 6mwt with Spirometry Andhrql Measures. A Cross Sectional Study in the Largestchest Referral Clinic In Tash, Addis Ababa Ethiopia,2025(Addis Ababa University, 2025-03-10) Haymanot Abebe; Hanan YusufChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by airflow limitation and reduced exercise capacity, often assessed using the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and spirometric indices. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is easy to perform, well-tolerated, and more reflective of activities of daily living. Spirometry is unavailable in many areas of Ethiopia, where 6MWT can be done easily. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between Distance covered by 6MWT and other physiologic parameters of COPD with Spirometry result.Item Prevalence of Dialysis Catheter-Related Complication And Associated Risk Factors in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis in Eight Dialysis Centers in Addis Ababa 2023-2024(Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-13) Helen G/Medhin; Getahun TarekegnCentral venous catheters are widely used to initiate hemodialysis despite recommendations for arteriovenous access use from the Dialysis Outcomes. Catheter-related complications are notable in patients on chronic hemodialysis. However, data on the prevalence is lacking. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors associated with catheter-related complications among patients receiving chronic hemodialysis in eight hemodialysis centers in Addis Ababa