Mathematics Education

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Challenges in Teaching Gymnastics: With Specific Reference to Astbi Wereda Secondary Schools, Tigray Region.
(Addis Ababa University, 2026-04-30) Tedros Kiros; Solomon Teka
The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges in teaching gymnastics in Atsbi wereda secondary schools namely Atsbi, Dera and Haikmesal secondary schools and to suggest to them challenges. In order to gathering relevant data from the study samples questionnaires, interviews and observation check-lists were used as the main data collection instruments. The target population of the study involves 2308 students, teachers and school principal. From this population the study sample size involves 460 or (20%) of students were selected using simple Random sampling technique that is lottery methods, 5 physical education teachers, 3 schools Principal and the sample schools were selected using purposive sampling technique. Three basic questions were raised to achieve the objectives of the study. To answer those basic research questions, descriptive survey research design and mixed research method were employed. The data were analyzed using SPSS version-16 software package using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and percentage. The study found the challenge related with students, with the physical education teachers and with the school principal. The researcher finding shows that, in order to bring improvement of teaching gymnastics challenges such as large class size, time allotment, inter-school tournament, lack of gymnastics equipments, lack of skills in gymnastics and experience must be improved. In view of this summary, conclusion and recommendations are provided.
Implementation of Active Learning Approaches in Grade Ten Mathematics in Government Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2026-11-30) Wondwosen Abebayehu; Solomon Areaya
The purpose of the study was to assess the status and implementation of active learning approaches in mathematics in government secondary schools of Addis Ababa. Attempts have been made to assess the extent to which active learning approaches have been practiced at classroom levels, the approaches of the new mathematics textbook and teacher's guide towards active learning, the attitudes of secondary school teachers and students towards active learning, the support and materials provided for the implementation of active learning and factors affecting active learning approaches. To this end, a descriptive survey was used as a method of study. The data 'was collected from 576 sample students and 33 sample mathematics teachers in twelve secondary schools of Addis Ababa City. Respondents were selected by using simple random sampling, systematic sampling and convenient sampling techniques. Questionnaires, observations, interviews and documents were used as data gathering instruments. The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Accordingly, the result of the study revealed that the extent of practicing active learning approaches in the secondary schools was moderate. The approaches oj both student textbook and teachers' guide were found based on active learning approaches in spite of their content width. The majority of the respondents had positive attitudes towards the approaches. Furthermore, the support of the administrators and materials provided in implementation of active learning were found to be very low. Among factors that influence effective implementation of active learning: Classroom situation, arrangement of chairs and tables, the width and depth of the content, lack of technical and material supports and shortage of time and finances were the major ones. Consequently, there is a gap between what is intended in the study and its implementation in the government secondary schools. Hence, it needs conducting .an extensive study at national level.analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Accordingly, the result of the studyrevealed that the extent of practicing active learning approaches in the secondaryschools was moderate. The approaches oj both student textbook and teachers' guide werefound based on active learning approaches in spite of their content width. The majority ofthe respondents had positive attitudes towards the approaches. Furthermore, the supportof the administrators and materials provided in implementation of active learning werefound to be very low. Among factors that influence effective implementation of activelearning: Classroom situation, arrangement of chairs and tables, the width and depth ofthe content, lack of technical and material supports and shortage of time and financeswere the major ones. Consequently, there is a gap between what is intended in the studyand its implementation in the government secondary schools. Hence, it needs conductingan extensive study at national level.
The Effect of Facilities and Instructional Materials for Achieving Effective Physical Education in the Case of Preparatory Schools of Illubabor Zone, Oromia Regional State
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-04-13) Amare Tsegaye; Shimeles Assefa
The research was carried out in eight preparatory schools in eight woredas of lllubabor zone, Oromia regional state. Its major objective was to study the effect of facilities and Instructional materials for achieving effective physical education Availability and utilization of Physical and material resources like Instructional materials, Facilities, sport equipment, playing area, text books and physical education reference books play an important role in the achievement of effective physical education and students performance. And inadequate instructional materials and sport facilities influencing students' performance negatively. The study sample was selected through simple random sampling technique by lottery method and available sampling techniques. School principals, physical education teachers, students, librarians, store keepers, school pedagogical centre representatives and focus group discuss were the sample of the research. To realize this, descriptive survey design was employed because it provides the researcher with detailed description of the existing condition about the problem under investigation. The data collection instruments were questionnaire, interview, observation checklist and focus group discussion. In order to obtain the necessary data for the study the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data analysis was done using statistical tools such as percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and presented through narratives according to the objectives. Research result showed that (81%) of the respondents agreed that the availability of physical education facilities and instructional materials were ranging from very poor to medium in some circumstances, unavailable, less in quantity and quality. Most of the schools are not well equipped that with facilities and equipment there are also sign of deteriorating maintenance or general non-use. These created a great challenge on teaching and learning activities that in turn had a negative effect on the improvement of the quality of education. To overcome this problem Ministry of education, concerned bodies and the school administration should allocate budget on purchasing and construction physical education instructional materials and facilities.
Comparison of Physical Fitness Level of Urban and Rural Students in Secondary School of Hawassa
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-09-01) Fetiya Kedir; Mekbib Alemu
The objective of the present study was to compare the physical fitness level of urban and rural students in secondary schools of Hawassa and to identify the relation of physical fitness with academic achievement. The study was carried out on 400 students of both the sexes in which 219 were rural (113 males + 106 females) and 181 were urban (87 males + 94 females). From the selected participants 215 were from grade 9 and 185 participants were grade 10 students. Selected health related fitness components and all skill related fitness component tests were conducted to compare rural and urban back ground students who are learning in 7 governmental schools of Hawassa town. Descriptive (average, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t- test) were used for data analysis .The results of the study indicated that in most measured parameters there were significant difference between rural and urban students (p<0.05). In most health and skill related fitness rural male and female students were better than their urban counterparts.
Students in Health Related Fitness flexibility and Strength In Shashemene One Secondary School
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-07-30) Shiferaw Teshome; Bezabhe wolde
In the present study, an attempt has been made to compare physical fitness components namely strength and flexibility between male urban and rural female urban and rural students. The study is carried out purposively on 100 students, 50 rural and 50 urban in shashemene. The data was collected by the use of application of testing strength and flexibility test and questioner. The data were analyzed using spss version 20 and compared with the help of statistical procedures in which arithmetic mean, standard deviation (S.D), standard error of mean (SEM), t-test were employed. Results indicated that urban students spend more time on Gymnastic and rural students in the case of life style spend more time regular energetic activity relative to weight Lifting and also, urban students have more possibility to spend long time behind television screen. This is one of the indicators for negative impact on individual quality of life, most of rural students far from the school. Urban students near to the school, rural students relatively benefited engage in body strength. urban students have chance to participated in different exercise at regular time per week, whereas, most of rural students were not participated different exercise at regular time per week, students were not participated in different exercise at regular time per week. Most of sample students did not assess and identify current level of fitness. And also, playing ground in school compound is found. However, there is no access time to use playing ground. Students were not having opportunity to train in training centre. They agree on parents' educational status help for improvement of student's quality of life. Physical education practical exercise class contributes student flexibility progress. Both rural male and female students were relatively better in strength. Urban male and female student 's superior in tasks like flexibility. Period allotted per week for physical education was not given attention, concerned bodies should be reconsidered in order to get chance to minimise strength and flexibility difference among students, they should facilitate good environment for the transition of skill with in students. Educational bureau, school administration and physical education teachers should create good environment and developed the awareness of parents and school society regarding on strength and flexibility of students quality of health.
Association Between Participation in Sport and Academic Achievement of Preparatory Students in Adama Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2026-04-30) Shewangzaw Tsige; Bezabih Wolde
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sport participation and academic performance of preparatory school students. Sports and academic performance of students has been a topic of study for years. On the one hand, supporters of sports program in educational institutions say that participation in sports improves students ' grades, academic achievement, raises their educational aspirations, and keep them in schools. On the other hand, others say that participation in sports distract time away from the classroom and divert students ' attention from study. It is not possible for students to achieve excellence in sports as well as in education. The study was conducted in two Government and two private preparatory schools of Adama Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. An interview question and a structured questionnaire on five point Likert scale were developed and utilized for collection of data.10 education officials, coaches, sport teachers and 204 students were selected through purposive and random sampling techniques respectively. The data derived from these likert scales were evaluated using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 19.0 software through descriptive statistics (Mean), independent samples t-test (p<0.05) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (p
Investigating Mathematics Learning and Achievement of Students with Hearing Impairment: The Case of Menelik II Preparatory School
(Addis Ababa University, 2014-10-20) Ananiya Abebe; Kassa Michael
The purpose of this study was to assess mathematics learning and achievement of Students with hearing impairment. Descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The study was carried out in Menelik II preparatory school. The study sample Comprised 4 mathematics teachers, 4 interpreters and 40 students with hearing impairment. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, observation and document analysis. It was analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean score, percentages and standard deviation) and t-test and multiple regressions. This study found out that :- most of the respondents were a profound hearing impaired without other family members with hearing impairment, some of the respondents/students hear conversation very slightly and a few of them hear sound very slightly, most of the respondents' parents were with no formal education except for some who were certificate or diploma and degree holders, teachers do not use an appropriate methods of teaching, time on task was found to be inadequate, teachers are in trouble to use sign language, teachers never covered the syllabus content in the stipulated time and students with hearing impairment had low mathematics achievement. This study recommends: to give training on methods of teaching, to use tutorial program, to use more instructional time and to give sign language training.
The Effect of Integrating Instructional Technology into Mathematics Classroom on Trainees' Pedagogy Content Knowledge at Arbaminch College of teachers' education (SNNPR)
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-06-20) Tamagn Haile; Solomon Areaya
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of integrating instructional technology into mathematics classroom on trainees' Pedagogical Content Knowledge at Arbaminch College of teachers' education (SNNPR). To achieve the above purpose, a quasi-experimental design in general and a pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design in particular was used. The required data was collected using a pretest, posttest and students' questionnaire. The subjects of this study were first year Mathematics and natural science regular (MNSR) cluster diploma program trainees. These trainees were selected purposefully as intact groups. In order to increase the validity and reliability of the data collected, all the instruments listed above were first piloted in similar groups before the administration of the actual instrument. The data collected through questionnaire based on the five point Likert scale was analyzed using a descriptive statistics together with a chi-square test of independence. On the other hand, data collected using achievement test was analyzed using student 's t-test, one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA and regression analysis using SPSS 15.0 and Fathom 2.1. The analysis of achievement test revealed a significant mean difference (P<0.05) between pretest and posttest scores of high and medium achievers among the experimental and comparison groups. However, this was not true for low achievers. The same analysis also showed a significant mean difference between male trainees among the experimental and comparison group. However, this is not true in the case of female trainees. The analysis of data through questionnaire also indicates a significant difference between the pre-and-post responses of trainees PCK after the intervention. Thus in this study it is strongly recommended that effective mathematics teaching-learning process in teacher education colleges should incorporate the use of instructional technology to enhance students' mathematics achievement and to develop their pedagogy content knowledge
The Effect of Geometer's Sketchpad on Students Geometry Learning Motivation and Problem Solving Ability
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-06-30) Abera Kotu; Kassa Michael
This study investigated Geometer's sketchpad (GSP) and students' geometry learning 'motivation and problem solving ability. In this study pretest-posttest quasi experimental design with non equivalent comparison group was used. Two groups of 9th grade were selected using purposive sampling based on their first semester mathematics achievement. The two groups were assigned as experimental group (n=68) and comparison group (n=65) using lottery method. During 4 weeks instruction, the Intervention group received instruction with the GSP while the other groups were taught with traditional paper-pencil instruction. Data of study were collected through Motivation Measuring Questionnaire (MMQ) containing two parts: Self Efficacy Measuring Questionnaire (SEMQ), Effort Measuring Questionnaire (EMQ) and Problem Solving Ability Measuring Questions (PSAMQ). The content Validity Indices (CVI) were .79, .84 and .83 for SEMQ, EMQ and PSAMQ taken in order. Moreover the internal consistence had Cronbach's alpha values of .873 and .902 for SEMQ and EMQ respectively. Data were analyzed using the paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test and regression analysis. Findings of the study indicated that there was no statistical significant difference between the Intervention and comparison groups prior to the treatment in both motivation and problem solving ability. But, there was statistical significant difference between the Intervention and comparison groups after the treatment in both motivation and problem solving ability. That is the Intervention groups showed better improvements than the comparison groups. For Intervention groups, the low achievers and medium achievers showed better improvement as compared to the high achievers. It is recommended that instruction in geometry should be supported with appropriate use of GSP in order to improve students' motivation and problem solving ability.
Perception of Secondary School Female Students towards the Current Benefits, Effectiveness and Implementation of Self-Defense Education In Guji Zone
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-04-30) Aklog Assefa; Desta Gebeyehu
The purpose of this study was to assess the perception of secondary school female students towards the current benefits, effectiveness and implementation level of self-defence education. The researcher used descriptive survey research design with mixed research method to conduct the study. To collect the required data from 318 sample subjects in the five sample secondary schools. A rating scale type of questionnaire and an interview schedule were used as an instrument. In addition to results of descriptive statics, the researcher used SPSS(Statistical package for social sciences) to analyze the collected and organized data. Finding of the study showed that, the female students are currently benefited from the teaching-learning process of self self-defence in terms of good health benefits, social life development benefit, improved academic achievement, psychological benefit and physical benefit. The teaching-learning process self-defence was effective to some extent in terms of theoretical capability of physical education teachers, in terms of reducing students act of sexual assault against female student, etc. The implementation of self-defence education is good to some extent in terms of the ability of physical education teacher to encourage participation of female students and in terms of the contents of self-defence unit. On the other hand: the current implementation of self-defence education is hindered by some factors as: very poor provision level of required equipment and materials, very poor support level of physical education teachers and the school administrations, one period per week allotment for physical education, unfavourable school environment, financial scarcity, etc. To improve the implementation of self-defence education and the perception of female students, toward self-defence education researcher proposed the following recommendations. The sample secondary school administrations are expected to avoid the different factors which are hindered the initiation of physical education teachers, to provide favourable teaching-learning environment, to provide the required level of support and allot the amount of budget for effective implementation pof self-defence education.
Association Between Participation in Sport and Academic Achievement of Preparatory Students in Adama Town, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-09) Shewangzaw Tsige; Bezabih Wolde
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sport participation and academic performance of preparat01Y school students. Sports and academic performance of students has been a topic of study for years. On the one hand, supporters of sports program in educational institutions say that participation in sports improves students' grades, academic achievement, raises their educational aspirations, and keep them in schools. On the other hand, others say that participation in sports distract time away from the classroom and divert students' attention from study. It is not possible for students to achieve excellence in sports as well as in education. The study was conducted in two Government and two private preparat01y schools of Adama Town, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia. An interview question and a structured questionnaire on five point Likert scale were developed and utilized for collection of data. J 0 education officials, coaches, sport teachers and 204 students were selected through purposive and random sampling techniques respectively. The data derived from these Likert scales were evaluated using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 19.0 software through descriptive statistics (Mean), independent samples t-test (p<0. 05) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (p
Challenges of Teaching Physical Education in Axum, Nigste Saba, Wukro Maray and Kinfe Gimedhn Preparatory Schools: In Central Zone, Tigray Region
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-08) Tewelde G/Michael; Solomon Teka
Teaching of Physical Education faces more challenges ill most countries. Due to these same challenges teachers are not at the appropriate positions to conduct high quality physical education at the same time the students are not at the position of being benefited from this same. It means the objectives of high quality physical education manifested on the students decline. Thus, the objective of this study aimed to examine challenges of teaching physical education in Axum, Nigste Saba, Wukro Maray alld Killfe Glmedlm preparatOlY schools in central zone, Tigray region. And with central objectives of the research ill mind, the researcher applied descriptive study design on the basis of its relevance to the study. Target subjects were also selected usillg stratified sampling and the researcher selected 200 preparatOlY students as the sample size fr01l1 the total population 667 preparatOlY students. The researcher selected 30% students from the total population. As of the data presentation, allalysis and discussion showillg us preparatOlY schools ill central zOlle of Tigray regioll have IIOt enough materials for the students to participate in physical activity and in which help teaching physical education. In addition preparatOlY schools in central zone of Tigray regioll have not methods of teaching that the teachers used to make the lesson attractive and participative & encouragillg students to relate theOlY with practice and skill of participation activities. Moreover, studellts were ill the trend of engaging ill less than their average school based physical activity they were with less degree of agreement ill their responses to items about challellges of teachillg physical educatioll. school resources and teaching method in a survey study are worded such that high values of a theoretical construct is reflected by high scores on these same items. So it is betterfor the region to give prime ill due consideration to challenges of teaching physical education related to resources in allocatillg budget to support high quality physical educatioll. Key words: Physical educatioll, sport, teaching, leamillg, Motivatioll, interest.
Challenges of Secondary School Teachers Attitude to Wards Physical Education Teaching Practical Class in the Case of Selected Secondary School of Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-08) Charay Aikob; Tesfaye Asgedom
The purpose of this study investigate the challenges of secondary school teachers attitude towards towards in P.E teaching pi Class's income selected secondary schools of Oromia special zone surrounding finfinne . The lotal population of the study were 1650 students 24 P E Teachers and 24 school directors in which the researcher selected sampling size of 60 student using random sampling technique and 24 P.E teachers and 12 school directors were selected using purposive sampli.ng. Among 6 weredas Three were selected and among eight administrative towns three were selected by simple random sampling technique and all of the (6) secondary schools in those weredas and administrative were included as sample. The instruments used 10 collect essential information and data; the researcher used questionnaire, interview and observation by using checklist tools. Data obtained through questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS.20 version, frequency, mean, average mean & standard deviation Moreover, data gathered through interview and observation were considered to triangulate the questionnaires in narrative form, The findings of this study revealed that there is an in significant passion of school PE teachers ,Scarcity of P E materials to impalement their plan ,lack of sustainable methodology of P.E practical c lass and lack of support of school directors on P.E practical class. School leaders did not Support PE practical Class financially and ideally. Furthermore Lack of enough knowledge of P.E teachers on practical class, Scarcity of PE materials to do practical class, lack of support of school directors on PE practical class are among the major factors that hinder the implication of PE practical class. Secondary school teachers of physical education have not satisfactorily implemented Practical class techniques. Generally the finding of this study revealed that the lack of enough knowledge 0 Secondary school teachers were poor in clarifying the learning objective of PE practical Class f PE teachers on PE practical class , Scarcity of the P.E Practical, lack of support of school directors the major findings of the study, Therefore the Ormoia education braes should capacitate PE teachers and facilitate PE. materials used for PE practical class. Key words:- Physical education , Attitude, Sport ,teaching , practical class , P.E teacher
Female Students Achievement and Associated Factors In Foot Ball Practical Class Participation: (The Case of Werda Merb Leke Secondary School In Tigray Region).
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-08) Kinfe Hailemariam; Mebrahtu Belay
The purpose of the study was to investigate the Female student achievement and associated factors in foot ball practical class participation in Merb Lelce Werda Secondary School. Samples were taken from the werda secondary school females students, from the total of 400 female students, 50 female students were selected by using Random sampling technique. To get supplementary information for the study area 3 subject teachers, 3 knowledgeable teachers and the school administration selected randomly. The study was camed out with descriptive survey method and both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Questionnaires focus questioner, interview and observation checklist was analyzed by using percentage and word. The major finding indicated that the performance of the teachers' ability to demonstrate during the lesson was poor; lack of adequate material and facilities also affected the females ' need of participation. Physical education teachers' interactions with their students were not in admiring level. Lade of interest and motivation had also seen as problems during the lesson. It was concluded that the participation of female students with football lesson as subject matter were highly affected by the school with short age of facilities and equipment, attitude of female student and teachers. Therefore, based on the findings of the study, it is recommended to allow female students to participate in football activity with the help of physical education teachers. It is also recommended that the school facilities and materials should be fulfilled to enhance females ' participation with football in addition to the community help. Key words: achievement, foot ball, motivation, learning, education, techniques and participation.
The Implementation of Physical Education Curriculum in Some Selected Secondary Schools of East Hararge Zone
(Addis Ababa Universtiy, 2019-11-01) Abera Chala; Solomon Areaya
This study attempted to the implementation of physical education curriculum in some selected secondary schools of East Hararge Zone_ To realize the objective of the study, five research questions were raised. To answer those basic research question, descriptive survey research method was employed. The participants of this study were physical education teachers, school principals and students. The sample size of this study included 79(seventy nine) students 4(four) physical education teachers and 4(four) school principals from 4(four) secondary schools (high schools) of East Hararge Zones, there were so many challenges and problems in cases of timely condition in the area it is more t~an my control( external). But from the date there are several factors influence the teaching and learning process of physical education and sports, some of those factors are schools environment 9setting) lack of awareness, lack of materials, facility equipments and infrastructure fields (play ground).Lack of interest by the student and school community, there is low attention given by concerned staff and stake holders etc. To this end, the attitudes and practices of teaching and learning physical education and sport in high school under consideration was less and problematic for further enhancement of attitudes and practices of teaching and learning physical education and sport efficiency, those challenges should be minimized be avoided. This requires all concerned parties including teachers, principals, students, stakeholders, school community, officials and the school community at large
The Effect of Teaching Aerobic Exercise on Performance Related Physical Fitness Components of Students: The Case of Uraga Preparatory School in Guji Zone, Oromia Region
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-08-01) Tesfahun Hailu; Solomon Teka
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of teaching aerobic exercise on performance related physical fitness components of students: the case of Uraga preparatory school in Guji zone, Oromia region. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-post test none equivalent design. 63 students from Uraga preparatory school were selected as study subjects and their age range were16-19 years. 30 students were under experimental group and the remaining 33 students were under control group. Students in the experimental group were participated in low, moderate and high intensity aerobic exercise for 12 consecutive weeks, i.e.3 days per week 40 minute duration per day. Pre and post training tests were conducted on the selected four components of skill related physical fitness variables. The data collected from the study subject was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. The data pertaining to agility, balance, power and speed as a component of performance related component were analyzed by paired sample ‘t’ test to determine the difference between initial and final mean for participant. And also to compare the difference between experimental and control group the independent t-test was computed. The significance value was checked at p-value < 0.05. The mean difference between the post and pre test results of the four performance related fitness components was significant in experimental groups but this difference is not significant in control groups. This shows that the effect of aerobic exercises on the improvement of performance related fitness components. There is a significant mean difference between post and pre test results of agility, balance, power and speed in experimental groups but there is no significant mean difference in control groups. This shows that the positive effect of aerobic exercises in each selected skill related fitness components. Based on this finding, it can be conclude that teaching aerobic exercises for more than 12 weeks has a significance effect on the improvement of skill related fitness components. According to the research finding aerobic exercises have a positive effect on agility, balance, power and speed. So Students, athletes and other sport men's, who want to improve skill related fitness components focused more on aerobic exercises than other activities.
Gender Differences in Mathematics Learning and Achievement in Some Selected Second Cycle Primary Schools of Bench-Maji Zone (SNNPR)
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-04-30) Masresha Kassa; Solomon Areaya
This study was aimed at investigating the gender differences in mathematics learning and achievement in some selected Primary Schools of Bench-Maji Zone, in order to explain the quality and relevance of education rendered in schools. It used 364 eighth grade students randomly selected from ten primary schools in BMZ to fulfill questionnaire and 10 female students for interview, 13 mathematics teachers, and 10 principals of the sample schools were included. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed in this study. For this end, four instruments were used for the data collection that is achievement test, questionnaires, interview and observation.The finding of the study revealed that most of the male students were outperformed their female counter parts in the study primary schools. However, this was not in all case perfect. Female students in one school, i.e. Temenjayax primary school were competent enough than males. There was no significant difference in mathematics achievement of boys and girls in Aman, Bachuma, and Otuwa schools. These results suggest these schools may be closer to attaining gender equity. In contrast a very significant difference in the achievement score between boys and girls were found in Debre-Work, Edget-Behbret, and Maz primary schools. Furthermore, the composite score of mathematics results vary among schools in the Zone: The sample students from Otuwa and Temenjayax achieved relatively higher mean score than the students in the rest of the Zone. On the other hand, sample students in Edget-Behibret and Bachuma scored the lowest two mean scores. Students in the other schools obtained mean scores that lie between these two extremes. The study, thus, discussed what factors were caused girl’s lower performance (achievement) in mathematics. It argued the gender differences in mathematics learning and achievement were caused by social and institutional factors. The study concluded the relationship between mathematics school performance and female achievement in primary schools of Bench-Maji Zone (BMZ) has clearly shown that girls’ demand more support than boys’. It has clearly shown that family and school support is desirable so as to gender equity in mathematics learning and achievement. Therefore, stakeholders need to work towards the attainment of gender equity in the provision of mathematics education in their respected schools.
Challenges of Teaching Physical Education: the case of Alge, Sachi and Suphe Secondary Schools in Ilu Abba Bora Zone of Oromia Regional National states.
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-04-30) Shewanesh Waktola; Sutuma Edessa
Objectives; to find out the challenges of the implementation of Alge, Sachi and Suphe secondary schools of Alge district, status of facilities and the attitude of teachers and students towards Physical Education. The study targeted 900 participants from the three secondary schools of Alge district. Questionnaires for the students and interview schedules for the participants and teachers were used for data collection. Validity of the research instruments was ensured by discussing with the member staffs. The research utilized descriptive statistics and presented them in tables. The study found that there is no enough time provided for Physical Education. Physical Education is not adequately staffed and there are no facilities in school for Physical Education. The condition of the available facilities is not enough in Alge, Sachi and Suphe secondary schools of Alge district. The performance of the of Physical Education teachers towards the lesson is negative. The principals should be sensitized on the importance of Physical Education to understand their role in the implementation of the Physical Education subjects. Every school should be mandated to provide the necessary facilities needed for the challenges of implementing of the subject of Physical Education. Research findings may enable the Educational bureaus of Alge in development of Physical Education subjects and to identify challenges facing its implementation in Alge, Sachi and Suphe secondary schools of Alge district. Every researcher may also benefit from the study as bases for further study.
Mathematics Anxiety and its Impact on Students’ Achievement: With Specific Reference to Grade Nine Students of East Shoa Zone in Oromia Region
(Addis ababa University, 2026-04-20) Aweke Shishigu; Solomon Areaya
This study was aimed to examine the impact of mathematics anxiety on achievement. It was alsofocused on examining gender difference in mathematics anxiety as well as mathematicsachievement. The study was conducted on five randomlyselected public high schools of EastShoa zone. Subjects included 370 students, 184 male and 186 female. Mathanxiety was measured using both the English version of Math Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) achievement wasand the Oromicversion of math anxiety rating scale (MARS). The instrument used to measurethe Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), which was developed by the researcher. Toaccomplish the goal of this study, a quantitative study which was a survey study was used and apath analysis model was used to investigate the direct and indirect effect ofeach predictor variable on the criterion variable. The finding revealed that there was asignificant negativecorrelation between mathematics anxiety and achievement (r = -0.250, p < 0. 01). Revealingthat students who have high mathematics anxiety tended to perform poorly on mathematicsachievement. However, those who have low mathematics anxiety tended to score high inmathematics achievement. There was a significant gender difference in mathematics anxiety (df= 368, t= -3.258, p < 0.01); showing that female students’ are more anxious about mathematicsthan male. There was also a significant gender difference in mathematics achievement (df =368,t = 5.151, p < 0 .01). Generally, the result of the study shows that male students are superior inall variables treated in the study. Moreover, the result of the study reveal that grade ninestudents’ math anxiety level is at a moderate level. The result of path analysis shows that priormath achievement, sex, affective subscale and avoidance subscale were themost influentialcauses for mathematics achievement. While affective subscales, cognitive subscales andavoidance subscales were the causes of mathematics anxiety. Moreover, prior had a stronger direct effect on mathematics achievement than did any of the math achievementvariables in thestudy, while affective subscale had a stronger direct effect on mathematics anxiety than did anyof the other two subscales.
Implementation Challenges of Continuous Assessment in Teaching Physical Education in Secondary Schools of Lideta Sub-City Addis Ababa City Administration
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-11-30) Lemlem Abera; Mebratu Belay
The purpose of this study was to assess the Implementation challenges of continuous assessment in teaching physical education in secondary schools of Lideta sub city, Addis Ababa City Administration. The schools included in the study were Dejezamch Balecha Aba Nefso secondary school, Africa Hebert secondary school and Hidase Lideta secondary school respectively. For the execution of the study a descriptive survey design was employed, which included both quantitative and qualitative approach. The sample students 156 were selected by using Kothair (2004) formula. Additionally, 16 physical education teachers and 3 school principals were included by using purpose sampling techniques due to their high attachment with the implementation of continues assessment. The data were questionnaires, interview and observation. The data were analyzed by using frequency and percentage. The data gathered through open ended questions, interviews and observation were analyzed qualitatively through narration for the purpose of triangulation. As the findings of the study revealed that the basic challenges that affect the implementation of continues assessment are lack of training, lack of support from school principals, lack of materials and equipment’s. Those physical education teachers are not well implement continues assessment effectively. Therefore, this paper recommended among others that there should be prepare training implementation of continues assessment; fulfilling necessary material for effective practice of continues assessment.

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