Health Sciences Education

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    Quality of Life and its Predictors among Adult Post-Stroke Patients who are Admitted and Have Follow-Up at Cardiac Unit in Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: A Cross-sectional Study Design
    (Addis Ababa Universtiy, 2025) Roman Hailu; Yosef Tsige
    Due to the variety of disabilities and cognitive impairment that stroke produces, it is a major global public health concern. A major burden falls on stroke survivors because of the resulting persistent impairment. Stroke-related disability has a profound effect onthe patient because it not only leaves them physically disabled but also severely impairs their social lives. OBJECTIVE: Purpose of this study was to assess quality of life and its predictors among adult post-stroke patients admitted to the cardiac unit at selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2024. By using a single population proportion formula, a total of 293 adult post-stroke patients who were admitted and had a follow-up at these hospitals during the data collection period and volunteer to participate in the study adult stroke patients were involved in the study. The study was conducted from February 19, 2024 to March 19, 2024. Simple random sampling method was used to select the study participant. RESULTS: - The results indicate that 65.5% of patients were male. Among the patients, 84.6% had a family history of stroke. Participants aged 60 years and above had significantly low PCS scores compared to the 18–29 years age group in which a slight enhancement of physical health perception in the younger age category. Widows are significant for PCS scores than singles, reflecting a potentially lower physical function or coping mechanism in this group. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: - Post-stroke individuals in the present research recorded a relatively good quality of life (QoL) scores. As per the findings, this study concludes that age, marital status, BMI, family history of stroke, and stroke duration significantly influence the physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of stroke survivors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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    Parental Satisfaction and Barriers with Their Neonates Care Services in The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2025
    (Addis Ababa Univertiy, 2025) Deribew Awoke; Rajalakshmi Murugan
    Parental satisfaction is a way of responding to the expectation to meet the health needs of their newborn. It is a belief and attitude of parents towards a service given in the neonatal intensive care unit. It is a key indicator of healthcare quality, encompassing patient- and family-centered care, clinical outcomes, and medical malpractice claims. This measure is frequently used and is central to evaluating healthcare quality in the neonatal intensive care unit. Objective: To explore the parents' satisfaction and barriers with their neonates' care services in the neonatal intensive care unit at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025. Method: A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted from February 6, 2025, to March 6, 2025, at three selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa. The purposive sampling method was used to select parents who met the inclusion criteria. The sample size was determined by the saturation of data in each hospital. An open-ended interview guide was prepared, and data were collected using the in-depth interview method. The in-depth interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated to English, and then analyzed using the inductive thematic analysis method after being imported to Atlas ti 9 qualitative software. The results were presented through a detailed description of generated themes and sub-themes. Result: Four major themes and fourteen sub-themes emerged: parental satisfaction, quality of care, emotional and informational aspects, and the NICU and its environment. This study identifies that parents were satisfied with the response provided by health professionals to their questions. This study identifies that parents were dissatisfied with poor professional skills, lack of family-centered care, insufficient respect, absence of information, discharge timing, restriction, unavailability of laboratory services and drugs, shortage of water, and scarcity of restrooms. Conclusion and recommendation: This study identifies that parents were dissatisfied with the poor professional skills, lack of family-centered care, insufficient respect, absence of information, discharge timing, restriction, unavailability of laboratory services and drugs, shortage of water, and scarcity of restrooms. improve facilities services, including waiting areas, additional beds, restrooms, and arrange the discharge time.
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    Cervical Cancer Screening uptake and Associated Factors at Primary Care Facilities in Peripheral Settings of Oromia and SNNP Regions in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa university, 2023-10-11) Debebe Zewednesh; Getachew Sefonias
    Background: Cervical cancer is the main cancer-related cause of illness and death globally including Ethiopia. While the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are decreasing, it remains a major problem for women in developing countries. Cervical cancer screening can help prevent these cancers; nevertheless, its utilization remains far below as not being used as much as it could be, despite numerous initiatives aimed at increasing its uptake, particularly in developing nations. The low rate of cervical cancer screening uptake in primary care settings in rural areas is a significant public health concern. It is important to assess and explore the factors that contribute to this problem so that effective interventions can be developed. Objective: This study aimed to assess Cervical Cancer Screening uptake and associated factors among age-eligible women at selected health centres in Oromia and SNNP Regions, 2023. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study with concurrent qualitative study was carried out from March 3 to May 5, 2023. A total of 941 women was included to the study using a systematic sampling method. Data were collected by using interview-administered questionnaire by trained nurse. For the qualitative data, in-depth and key-informant interview were done. Descriptive statistics was computed using frequency, percentage, and summary measures. A binary logistic regression was used to identify independent factors for the low uptake of cervical screening. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated in the final model. Statistical significance was declared with p-value of less than 0.05. Thematic content analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. Results: A total of 941 women were interviewed with a 100% response rate. The results showed that 235 women 24.97 % (95%CI: 22-28) were screened for cervical cancer. In multi variable logistic regression analysis higher educational level [AOR=3.2, (95%CI: 1.46-7.07)], early age at first sex [AOR=0.49, (95%CI: 0.32-0.75)], knowledgeable about cervical cancer screening [AOR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.82-3.89)], had favourable attitude [AOR=3.91, 95%CI: 2.61-5.84)] and had social support [AOR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.32-3.05)] were associated factors for the low uptake of cervical cancer screening. Insufficient availability of equipments, limited accessibility of services to a specific area, lack of awareness, inadequate competence of providers, and lack of trust and attention from trained providers were additional barriers identified with in depth interview. Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening uptake were far less common among eligible women in study area. Age at first sex, educational level, knowledge of women, attitude, and social support were factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake. Therefore, intervention programs that aim to improve cervical cancer screening services for women should prioritize the factors for low uptake; culturally appropriate and accesiable screening methods to meet the national and global elimination targets. Key words: cervical cancer, screening, Screening uptake, determinant
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    Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Asthmatic Children at Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-13) Keyredin Melat; Mekonen Adimasu
    Background: Bronchiai asthma is a global health problem in particular a respiratory condition characterized by bronchi spasms that negatively affect the quality of life (QOL) of children. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the health-related quality of life of asthma in children in Ethiopia, especially in the study area. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the health-related quality of asthmatic children aged 7- 17 in selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study involving 136 asthmatic children aged 7-17 years was conducted in the selected hospital in Addis Ababa, from February to March 2024. Respondents were chosen using systematic random numbers. Structured, interviewer administered, and pretested questionnaires, were used to collect data. The data were coded and entered into Epi-Data 3.1 before being exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing health-related quality of life Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The study found that 46% [95% CI: 37.6-54.4%] of study participants had a poor quality of life, having no formal education of caregivers (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR: 1.39 (1.8-10.69)], having family history of asthma (AOR: 2.51 [1.46-4.299]), having long duration of asthma (AOR: 3.47(1.89-6.39), having uncontrolled asthma, (AOR: 3.47 [1.89-6.39]), having moderate persistent asthma (AOR: 2.4(1.4-4.2) and having comorbidity all increase the likelihood poor quality of life. Conclusions: The study highlights almost half of asthmatic children had a poor quality of life in Addis Ababa. Factors such as having no formal education of caregivers, having a family history of asthma ,long duration and severity of asthma, having uncontrol asthma, and having comorbidity were significantly associated with poor quality of life. Therefore,implementing targeted education programs, encouraging family history assessment, strengthening comorbidity screening and management of children and their families in Addis Ababa. were recommended. Keywords Quality of life, Asthma, Children, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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    Anemia and its Associated Factors among under-Five Children in Selected Health Facilities in Wolkite Town, Central Ethiopia, 2024 G.C
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-10) Betelhem Mulugeta; Aklil Hailu
    Background: - Anemia is described as a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, or the number of red blood cells per litter that is less than what is considered normal for healthy people of the same age, sex, and race in the same environment. In 2019, global anemia prevalence was 39.8% in children aged 6-59 months. The prevalence of anemia in children under five was highest in the African Region, 60.2% and in Ethiopia it was 52.1%. Objectives: -The aim of this study was to assess Anemia and its associated factors among under five children in Wolkite health center and Wolkite university Referral and specialized Hospital in Wolkite town, Central Ethiopia. Methods: - Institutional based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted at Wolkite Health Center and Wolkite University Referral and Specialized Hospital in Wolkite town, central Ethiopia on March 2024 G.C. Study participants were selected by using systematic sampling method. Structured Interview questionnaire was administered to collect data from the study participant and the venous blood sample was collected by experienced laboratory technicians. The data was analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequency) were carried out to describe the socio demographic status of the participants presented by table, pie chart and graph. P value ≤ 0.25 in the bivariate analysis was considered candidates for the multivariate analysis. The extant association between the different variables related to anemia was measured using AOR at 95% CI. A P value ≤ 0.05 in Multivariate analysis was considered statistically significant. Result: - The overall prevalence of anemia was 164(39.0%). Among anemic children under five years of age, 95(22.6%) were mild, 58(13.8%) were moderate and 11(2.6%) were severe. In this study, anemia was significantly associated with being male (AOR= 7.252, 95% CI =4.176 12.592), rural place of residence (AOR=4.295, 95% CI=2.499–7.382), recent history of fever (AOR=2.183, 95% CI=1.203-3.960), recent malaria infection (AOR=4.387, 95% CI=2.097 9.179), Inadequate dietary diversity(AOR=2.218, underweight(AOR= 2.835, 95% CI= 1.151-6.982). 95% CI= 1.253-3.925) and Conclusion: - Childhood anemia was a moderate public health problem in the study area. Being male, rural residence, history of recent fever, recent malaria infection, inadequate dietary diversity and underweight were significantly associated with childhood anemia. Key words: - anemia, prevalence, under five children, hemoglobin, hemoglobin level
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    Determinants of Neonatal Health outcome among Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome Admitted at Public Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Retrospective Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-15) Bewket Abera; Emebet Berhane
    Background: preterm neonates are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality related to different cases. Respiratory distress is one of the most common reasons for neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, 29% of late preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit develop respiratory morbidity. The preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome health outcome and its determinants are unknown in the study area. Objective: This study aims to identify the determinants of neonatal health outcomes among preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted at public Hospitals, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was utilized. A sample of 414 medical records of the neonates admitted at public hospitals from Jan 1/2019 to Dec 31/2023. The medical records were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The Data was using a data extraction checklist. Data was coded and entered into SPSS Version 27. A binary logistic regression analysis was run to identify significant determinant variables. The level of significance was declared. Result: In this study, records of 414 preterm neonates were included. Of this 249(60.1%) were males. The majority of preterm neonates with RDS 265(64%) were discharged with good outcomes and 149(36%) had poor outcomes. Gestational age, Birth weight, Parity, MAS and antenatal steroid administration were found significantly associated with RDS related preterm neonatal mortality, with the p value of 0.008, 0.047, 0.004, 0.017 and 0.037 respectively. Conclusion: In this study findings showed that a significant number of preterm neonates with RDS had good health outcomes. The major determinants of poor health outcome were lower gestational age, low birth weight, born from primiparous, MAS and born from mother who didn’t take antenatal steroid. Enhancing antenatal care to identify pregnant mothers at risk of preterm delivery early and initiating preventive interventions, such as administering corticosteroids during the antenatal period, may be recommended. Key word: Determinant, Preterm, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Neonate, Addis Ababa
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    Exploring the Need for Preconception Care: the Pregnancy Experience of Reproductive Age Women with Preexisting Medical Conditions in Public Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: Aqualitative Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-05) Binalfew Abebe; Endalew Gemechu
    Background: Pre-existing medical conditions result in poor maternal and child health outcomes. In order to reduce maternal, child, and newborn mortality, preconception care is the ultimate health care service for women with preexisting conditions. In spite of this, little is known about the need for preconception care for women with chronic medical conditions in Ethiopia. Objective: Exploring the need for preconception care and the pregnancy experiences of reproductive age women with pre-existing medical conditions in a public health facility in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2024. Method: A qualitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted on 19 women with specific preexisting medical conditions at the st.pauol Hospital Millennium Medical College Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit from February to March 2024. Purposively selected pregnant women were interviewed face-to-face, using an interview guide. Audio tape recordings and field notes was taken. Data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously. The audio record was transcribed and then translated from Amharic to English. Finally, the analysis done manually guided by supervisors. Result: An in-depth interview included a total of 19 participants and their mean age was 34.7 (± SD=0.64). Four themes were developed through inductive analysis. Those were Experience of being pregnancy and the desire to carry on current pregnancy, cultural barrier and the behavior of seeking health care, awareness and perception of preconception care and the need for preconception care. The themes were thoroughly described from the perspective of participants emphasizing the importance of PCC for women with preexisting conditions. According to the study's findings, women who participated in the study used PCC infrequently, so improving women's benefits from PCC is required to reduce complications. Conclusion and recommendation: The study found that only two-thirds of participants are aware of preconception care (PCC) needs, and their utilization is limited. Factors influencing PCC utilization include lack of information, service inaccessibility, cultural practices, and poor care provider-patient interaction. Regular follow-up and readiness for pregnancy complications can improve PCC utilization and reduce unintended pregnancies. The care provider effectively communicates with the client, emphasizing the government to prioritize (PCC) as a daily agenda. Key words: Preconception care, preexisting condition, the need for preconception care.
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    Psychological Experience of Miscarriage among Advanced Reproductive Age Women at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023/24
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-15) Fatuma Kedir; Leul Deribe
    Miscarriage is the expulsion or extraction of a fetus (embryo) before its viability. Miscarrying rates increase significantly for women of advanced reproductive age. So far, no documented research study has been found in Ethiopia about the psychological experiences of miscarriage among advanced reproductive age women. Thus, the goal of this study will be to gain more in-depth insights into the psychological experience of miscarriage to provide more sensitive care in the long run.
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    Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality among Neonates Born From Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane at Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Fentanesh Alemu; Tadesse Bedada
    Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is defined as rupture of membranes before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Worldwide, approximately 15 million births occur too early (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) every year. These preterm or premature births represent about 11% of all deliveries. Preterm premature rupture of membranes occurs in approximately 2% to 3% of pregnancies and is responsible for one third of preterm deliveries
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    Second Dose Measles Vaccine Utilization and Associated Factors among Children Aged 24-36 Months in Western Guragae Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2024
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Fetiha Muzemil; Debela Gela
    Background: Measles is a very contagious and terrible disease which causes serious illness in under-five children, but it can be easily prevented and controlled by vaccination. Even if, Ethiopia launched measles second dose vaccine (MCV2) in 2019, only 9.1% of children aged 24–35 months received the second dose of the measles vaccine which is below the target. However little is known about the utilization and associated factors for MCV2 in the study area. Objective: To assess second dose measles vaccine utilization and associated factors among children aged 24-36 months in Western Guragae Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed on a total of 610 children, from February 19 to March 19, 2024. Data was refined, coded and entered in to Epi info-7 and exported to SPSS-21 for data cleaning and analysis. The associations between independent and dependent variables were analyzed by using bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression and AOR at 95% CI was used to identify factors significantly associated with MCV2 utilization at p value. Results: The overall MCV2 utilization was 45.2% (95% CI: 41.2-49.3). Maternal education of secondary and above (AOR, 10.15; 95% CI: 6.18, 16.67) and not return back without getting vaccination (AOR, 2.91; 95% CI; 1.83, 4.64) increased the odds of MCV2 utilization. In contrast, longer distance from vaccination center (AOR, 0.328; 95% CI: 0.198, 0.541) and long waiting time (AOR, 0.387; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.61) reduced the odds of MCV2 utilization. Conclusion and Recommendation: Second dose measles vaccination utilization in the study area was below the national target of 95%. Maternal education, distance from nearest vaccination center, return back without getting vaccination and waiting time for vaccination were identified as significant factors for MCV2 utilization. Therefore, in order to increase utilization of MCV2 there is a need to strengthen the defaulter tracing system to follow up the children who default after receiving MCV 1 and focusing interventions on the identified factors. Keywords: measles second dose vaccine; utilization; children‘s; Western Guragae Zone; Ethiopia
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    Assessment of Health Care Needs and Associated Factors among Families with Cancer Survivor Children at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024: Cross Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-10) Seyfedin Barkeda; Tewodrose Tesfaye
    Background: Childhood cancer is a global health concern, affecting early childhood and adolescence. It's the second most prevalent cause of death in both industrialized and developing countries, with 90% in Africa, especially Ethiopia, due to a lack of early diagnostic facilities and control initiatives. Family caregivers face stress after recovery of their child illness; they have diverse needs, including psychosocial, emotional, spiritual, cognitive, healthcare service, health information, and financial needs, which should be addressed to provide comprehensive cancer care. Objective: Assessment of the healthcare needs of family caregivers who are caring for their children with cancer at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa. Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 239 caregivers using SCNS-P&C for healthcare needs and medical records for clinical and socio-demographic data. Logistic regression including bivariate and multivariate analysis considering 95% confidence interval (CI) was utilized to examine association between dependent and independent variables. P‐value. Result: Total Unmet needs of family caregivers‘ were 49.8%. On average, most participants reported unmet information and practical needs (61.9%), followed by health care and service needs (60.9%) and work and social life needs (60%). The top most unmet needs were getting emotional support (83.2%) and finding out financial support (78.3%). Discussing concerns with physicians (75.3%), accessing support services for caregivers (75.3%) were other frequently reported health care needs. Seven variables showed a statistically significant association with family caregivers‘ health care needs, including: female family caregivers, young adult and unemployed caregivers, family caregivers having children with relapsed cancer, having more than 3 children, and having a male child with cancer (AOR=4.729; 95% CI: 2.149-10.405), (AOR=5.850; 95% CI: 1.750-19.562), (AOR=4.019; 95% CI: 1.704-9.483), (AOR=4.789; 95% CI: 1.645-13.939), (AOR=4.726; 95% CI: 1.628- 13.720) and (AOR=2.575; 95% CI: 1.152-5.755) respectively. Also, single parents (divorced and widowed) have more health care needs than married parents. Conclusion and Recommendations: In the study, unmet family caregivers needs was high. Emotional, psychosocial, and financial support to manage living expenses and child cancer treatment are predictors for unmet family caregivers needs. Therefore, the findings suggested nurse-led interventions to improve parents' quality of life, such as involving support groups, psychosocial support from health care providers, governmental and nongovernmental organizations collaboration. Further qualitative studies are recommended to explore deeply their further needs. Keywords: Childhood cancer, family caregivers, health care need
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    Perceived and Actual Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors among Nurses at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2024
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-11) Tigist Kinfe; Fekadu Aga
    Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic diseases affecting huge number of people worldwide. Nurses are expected to have adequate knowledge of diabetes for effective management and care of patients. But studies showed that there are gaps in actual and perceived level knowledge of diabetes of nurses. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess perceived and actual knowledge of diabetes mellitus and associated factors among nurses at selected Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used. Simple random sampling method was used to select the 3 hospitals as well as the 358 nurses from the selected hospitals. The adopted Diabetes Basic Knowledge tool and Diabetes Self Reporting tool were used to assess actual and perceived knowledge of diabetes. SPSS software version 25 was used to analyze the data. Percentages, mean, standard deviation were used to describe the data. The t- test, the Pearson’s correlation, and the regression analysis were used to analyze. Results. Findings: The mean score of perceived knowledge was 62 ± 4.01 and the mean score of actual knowledge was 28.2 ± 5.20. The regression analysis has shown that for a 1 year increase in age there is -0.126 point decrease in the perceived knowledge of diabetes the nurses participating in this study (β = -0.126, p = 0.015). Participants with diploma level of education had 3.534 times higher perceived knowledge of diabetes than the other educational category (B = 3.534, 95%CI = 1.627, 5.440, p = 0.000). An increase in work experience by 1 year is associated with a decrease in -0.126 point perceived knowledge of diabetes (β = -0.126, p = 0.015). But, the regression analysis has not shown any association between the independent variables with the actual knowledge of diabetes among nurses. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study it was concluded that nurses have high perceived knowledge of diabetes but lower actual knowledge of diabetes; and there is significant gap between perceived and actual knowledge of diabetes mellitus among nurses at the selected hospitals of Addis Ababa. However, the study showed that there is no significant association of demographic variables with actual knowledge of diabetes. Based on the conclusion it was recommended that nurses should be encouraged to update themselves and the hospitals should prepare trainings and workshops to increase actual diabetic knowledge of nurses.
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    Challenges to Implementation of Nursing Process among Nurses Working at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-09) Tinsae Muluye; Jembere Tesfaye
    Background: The nursing process is a structured framework guides healthcare professionals in delivering personalized, goal-oriented care to patients. However the implementation of the nursing process in Ethiopia is currently suboptimal, particularly within public hospital settings. This is because of various challenges faced by nurses to implement effectively and efficiently in applying the necessary process steps. Objectives: This study aims to explore challenges to the implementation of the nursing process among nurses working at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from February 26 to March 30, 2024, at Minlik, Yekatit, and Zewuditu hospitals in Addis Ababa. The study primarily involved fifteen nurses working in these three hospitals, along with three key informants from nursing managerial team. Data was gathered through individual, in-depth interviews utilizing a semi-structured interview guide by the principal investigator and the research assistant. The interview took an average of 55 minutes. ATLAS. Ti 9 qualitative software was used to support the analysis. Results: The data revealed three overarching themes that are consistent with the study's aims, namely: organizational releted challenges, nurses’ related challenges, and patient-related challenges. In this study, nurses reported that the nursing management team, shortages in basic medical in our hospital is unsupportive; consistently imposing burdens on staff and worsening the challenges faced by nurses due to a lack of understanding management team, such as supplies, overcrowded patient rooms without privacy screens, and low payment for nurses ,insufficient staffing were reported as a challange. and nurses posed significant obstacles to the effective implementation of the nursing process. Conclusion and recommendation Most of the nurses identified organizational-related challenges, nurse-related challenges, challenges related to patients, and hindrances to effectively implementing the nursing process. To attain the intended outcomes, various stakeholders, including hospitals, healthcare professionals, and others, need to collectively work together to alleviate barriers and enhance patient care and healthcare delivery.. Key words: challenges, nursingprocess, nurses, public hospital,
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    Determinants of Mental Health Literacy Among Adolescent Students in Governmental Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa, Ehtiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-13) Yodit Felege; Yodit Felege
    Background: Mental health literacy is the knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders. Adequate mental health literacy is linked to better health seeking behavior and management of mental illness. It is particularly important during adolescence, a critical phase for developing social and emotional habits important for mental well-being to cope with the stresses of life, realize their ability, learn well and work well and contribute to their community Methods: School based cross-sectional study was conducted February to March, 2024 G.C at selected secondary school in Addis Ababa. A total of 902 adolescent students in secondary school was selected using multi stage cluster sampling. The data was be gathered using self administered structured pretested questionnaires. Data entered was exported to IBM SPSS statistics (version 26) for analysis for Kobo ToolBox. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 833 adolescent students aged 15-18 in selected schools of Addis Ababa participated. The mean social capital score was 27.09 (SD=2.78), and the mean mental health literacy score was 116.90(SD=23.07).In multiple linear regression analysis mental health literacy was significantly associated with study participants with single relationship status (ß =8.55, p=.005) students family size greater than 5(ß=4.89, p=.010), study participants who preferred following or watching transformative (educational and inspirational) and interactive contents on social media (ß=-4.43, p=.003) and (ß=3.85, p=.034) respectively. And also significantly associated who had good neighborhood social capital (ß=5.69, p=.005) and good trust in school or neighborhood on social capital (ß=3.97, p=.043). Conclusion: The findings show the importance of interacting and connecting in increasing adolescents' mental health literacy. Specifically, study participants with larger family sizes, those who preferred interacting social media contents, and those with good social support networks and community cohesion were found to have increased mental health literacy. Key word: Adolescent, Mental health literacy, Secondary school, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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    Comparison of Adverse Neonatal outcomes and its Associated Factors among Women with Adult and Advanced Aged Pregnancy at the Public Hospitals of AddisAbaba City, Ethiopia. Hospital-Based Comparative Crosssectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-13) Yonas Mengistu; Luel Deribe
    Introduction: Pregnancy at advanced maternal age (>35 years old) is considered a risk factor for different adverse neonatal outcomes. Adverse neonatal outcomes are the leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide. In Ethiopia, studies were conducted to identify adverse neonatal outcomes, however, having updated information on the status of adverse neonatal outcomes could be helpful in future effective policy and program formulation. Objective: This study aimed to compare adverse neonatal outcomes and its associated factors among adult and advanced-aged pregnant women at the public hospitals of Addis Ababa City Methods: A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the public hospitals of Addis Ababa City from April 29/2024 to June 30/2024 among 707 mothers (471 adults and 236 advanced-age mothers). The data was collected by a systematic random sampling technique using Kobo tool Kit, and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Chi-square and independent t-tests was performed. Logistic regression analyses was employed to estimate the COR and AOR with a CI of 95% and a P-value. Results: The response rate was 97.7% and 97.9% among adult and advanced aged mothers respectively. Almost half (51.5%) (95% CI=44.7-57.9) of advanced aged mothers had at least one adverse neonatal outcome, while it was 40.2% (95% CI=35.7-44.6) among adult aged mothers. The adverse neonatal outcomes was significantly higher among advanced aged mothers than adult aged mothers, with a point estimate mean difference of 11.3% (95% CI = 0.035 0.191). Meanwhile, the overall adverse neonatal outcomes was 44.0% (95% CI = 40.2-47.6). Unfavorable neonatal outcomes [AOR=1.51, 95%, CI=1.02-2.25] were significantly associated with maternal age. Preterm birth [AOR =1.84, 95% CI=1.18-2.85], large for gestational age [AOR =2.68, 95% CI=1.31-5.49], stillbirth [AOR =3.35, 95% CI=1.27-.8.82], and post-term birth (AOR=0.25, 95% CI=1.08-.083] were significantly associated with advanced maternal age. Conclusions: The proportion of adverse neonatal outcomes were higher among advanced aged mothers compared to adult aged mothers. Preterm birth, large for gestational age and stillbirth were positively, while post-term birth negatively associated with adverse neonatal outcomes among advanced aged mothers. This study indicates a need of stratagies devoplment in order to create awareness on the advantage of having the desired number of children in the early adulthood ages. x Keywords: adult; advanced maternal age; adverse neonatal outcomes; mean; pregnancy; unfavorable outcome; mothers; neonate; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia.
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    Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors Towards Stroke Prevention Among Hypertensive Patients at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-15) Hana Shafi; Betelhem Bokan
    Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors Towards Stroke Prevention Among Hypertensive Patients at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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    Factors Affecting Motivation For Retention Among Academic Staff at the College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-23) Ermias Belestie; Ameha Mekasha
    Background. The motivation of academic staff is essential for retention and plays a key role in ensuring the quality of education and research within higher institutions. However, the specific factors influencing motivation and retention at Addis Ababa University's College of Health Sciences (CHS) remain under explored and require further investigation to enhance institutional performance and staff satisfaction. Purpose: This study aims to explore primary motivators and hygiene factors influencing academic staff retention at CHS, using Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory as a framework. Method: A qualitative approach was utilized, involving semi-structured in-depth interviews with staff at the College of Health Sciences (CHS). Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key factors that influence motivation, which in turn impact the retention of academic staff. Results: The findings revealed that factors affecting motivation included opportunities for advancement, fair compensation and benefits, the nature of the work itself, positive interpersonal relationships, and job security. These elements were identified as crucial in maintaining staff motivation and ensuring long-term retention within the institution. Conclusion and Recommendations: career advancement opportunities, with clear promotion criteria and mentorship programs; competitive compensation and benefits, improving the work environment through resource provision and research funding; fostering positive interpersonal relationships with team-building and conflict resolution mechanisms; and ensuring job security through clear, transparent policies is recommended. Key words: Motivation, Retention, Job satisfaction, CHS
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    Assessment of Perceptions and Challenges of Objective Structured Clinical Examination Among Medical Students and Examiners: A Cross-Sectional Study At College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-13) Natnael Assefa; Damte Shimelis
    Background: In the modern context, OSCE is one of the competency-based skill assessment tools in which fairly sampled clinical tasks or skills across learned outcomes are represented in several stations where all examinees are observed against standardized scoring rubrics in a simulated environment. OSCEs have gained acceptance globally due to their emphasis on objectivity and their ability to assess cognitive skills, practical abilities, and professional conduct. OSCE is a resource-demanding, time-intensive, and complex assessment method. Therefore, assessing the perceptions and challenges associated with OSCEs from both the students and examiners in our setup will help to improve the gap in the assessment of clinical competence by OSCE since this method of assessment is relatively new in the College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, as well as in Ethiopia. Objective: The study aims to assess the Perceptions and challenges of OSCE in the undergraduate medicine program among medical students and examiners at the School of Medicine, AAU. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the perceptions and challenges of OSCE among both medical interns and examiners at CHS, AAU from May 1, 2024 – August 31, 2024. Data was collected using a questionnaire adopted and points were in a Likert scale—descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, standard deviations (SD), IQR and median. Mann-Whitney U-Test used to compare variables, with P
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    Exploring the Pattern of Social Media Usage by Medical Students in School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-05) Lako Wajana; Mekasha Amha; Kulasegaram Kulamakan
    Even though millions of the younger generations are using social media (SM) for various purposes in Ethiopia, there is no clear study showing how the trends and patterns of SM usage look like in this group of people, particularly in medical schools. Therefore, the global objective of the current study was to explore the pattern of usage of SM by medical students in school of medicine, College of Health Sciences, AddisAbaba University. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted on four cohorts (Year II, Year III, Year IV and Year V)of study subjects. Simple random sampling technique was applied to determine the proposed sample size. Totally, 132 students were recruited from each cohort; thus a total of 528 students were included in the study. Using pre-tested anonymous questionnaire, information was collected on sociode mographics, the extent of using the SM, the type of SM used, average time spent on them, the purpose why the students use SM, the influence of these media onsocial interaction of students and students opinions regarding the effect of SM on their grades and academic performance. The questionnaire was tabulated and data was analyzed by using descriptive, inferential and quantitative analytical techniques with estimations from the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). A correlation of the variables was determined and X2 was used to compare the relationship of the variables. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.There were 38.1% (N=201) females and 61.9% (N=327) males included in this study. Almost all students, irrespective of background were active users of SM (99.6%,N=526). Facebook was the dominant SM used by students before joining medical school (82%, N=433), followed by You Tube and Whatsapp. The number of Facebook users has been declined significantly from 82% to 47% after joining medical school. The dominancy of Facebook was over taken by Telegram after joining medical school. The use of Telegram has significantly increased from 18% (N=495) to (82%, N=433) afterjoining medical school. The proportions of You Tube users has increased significantly from 31% (N=165) to 52% (N=275) after joining medical school. We show for the first time that majority (70%, N=379) of medical students were distracted by SM while preparing for exam and doing their assignments. The distraction of medical students by SM while studying for examination and preparing assignments is significantly higher in males than females. The implications of this finding is triplicate: 1) The need for orientation for medical students at the beginning of the first year, 2) Continuous and intimate follow up is needed by family, Deans and advisers, 3) Special policy is also needed concerning the use of SM by medical students. Continuous personal development trainings might be important to clear out the confusion of medical students about the impact of SM.
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    The Learning and Practice of Surgical Residents on Whole Person Care: The Issue of Counseling.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016) Deneke Andualem; Kuper Ayelet
    Studies have shown that the perceived cleanliness of hospitals, the perceived empathy, experience and ability of health care workers, consultation duration, as well as educational status and occupation of patients are uniquedeterminants of patient satisfaction in health institutions in Ethiopia1,2However, a study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital identified a significant deficiency of communication skills among all categories of physicians in the hospital.