Health Sciences Education

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Cervical Cancer Screening uptake and Associated Factors at Primary Care Facilities in Peripheral Settings of Oromia and SNNP Regions in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa university, 2023-10-11) Debebe Zewednesh; Getachew Sefonias
Cervical cancer is the main cancer-related cause of illness and death globally including Ethiopia. While the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are decreasing, it remains a major problem for women in developing countries. Cervical cancer screening can help prevent these cancers; nevertheless, its utilization remains far below as not being used as much as it could be, despite numerous initiatives aimed at increasing its uptake, particularly in developing nations. The low rate of cervical cancer screening uptake in primary care settings in rural areas is a significant public health concern. It is important to assess and explore the factors that contribute to this problem so that effective interventions can be developed
Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Asthmatic Children at Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-13) Keyredin Melat; Mekonen Adimasu
Bronchiai asthma is a global health problem in particular a respiratory condition characterized by bronchi spasms that negatively affect the quality of life (QOL) of children. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the health-related quality of life of asthma in children in Ethiopia, especially in the study area.
Anemia and its Associated Factors among under-Five Children in Selected Health Facilities in Wolkite Town, Central Ethiopia, 2024 G.C
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-10) Betelhem Mulugeta; Aklil Hailu
Anemia is described as a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, or the number of red blood cells per litter that is less than what is considered normal for healthy people of the same age, sex, and race in the same environment. In 2019, global anemia prevalence was 39.8% in children aged 6-59 months. The prevalence of anemia in children under five was highest in the African Region, 60.2% and in Ethiopia it was 52.1%.
Determinants of Neonatal Health outcome among Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome Admitted at Public Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Retrospective Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-15) Bewket Abera; Emebet Berhane
preterm neonates are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality related to different cases. Respiratory distress is one of the most common reasons for neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, 29% of late preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit develop respiratory morbidity. The preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome health outcome and its determinants are unknown in the study area.
Exploring the Need for Preconception Care: the Pregnancy Experience of Reproductive Age Women with Preexisting Medical Conditions in Public Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: Aqualitative Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-05) Binalfew Abebe; Endalew Gemechu
Pre-existing medical conditions result in poor maternal and child health outcomes. In order to reduce maternal, child, and newborn mortality, preconception care is the ultimate health care service for women with preexisting conditions. In spite of this, little is known about the need for preconception care for women with chronic medical conditions in Ethiopia
Psychological Experience of Miscarriage among Advanced Reproductive Age Women at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023/24
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-15) Fatuma Kedir; Leul Deribe
Miscarriage is the expulsion or extraction of a fetus (embryo) before its viability. Miscarrying rates increase significantly for women of advanced reproductive age. So far, no documented research study has been found in Ethiopia about the psychological experiences of miscarriage among advanced reproductive age women. Thus, the goal of this study will be to gain more in-depth insights into the psychological experience of miscarriage to provide more sensitive care in the long run.
Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality among Neonates Born From Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane at Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Fentanesh Alemu; Tadesse Bedada
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is defined as rupture of membranes before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Worldwide, approximately 15 million births occur too early (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) every year. These preterm or premature births represent about 11% of all deliveries. Preterm premature rupture of membranes occurs in approximately 2% to 3% of pregnancies and is responsible for one third of preterm deliveries
Second Dose Measles Vaccine Utilization and Associated Factors among Children Aged 24-36 Months in Western Guragae Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2024
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Fetiha Muzemil; Debela Gela
Measles is a very contagious and terrible disease which causes serious illness in under five children, but it can be easily prevented and controlled by vaccination. Even if, Ethiopia launched measles second dose vaccine (MCV2) in 2019, only 9.1% of children aged 24 35 months received the second dose of the measles vaccine which is below the target. However little is known about the utilization and associated factors for MCV2 in the study area
Assessment of Health Care Needs and Associated Factors among Families with Cancer Survivor Children at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024: Cross Sectional Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-10) Seyfedin Barkeda; Tewodrose Tesfaye
Childhood cancer is a global health concern, affecting early childhood and adolescence. It's the second most prevalent cause of death in both industrialized and developing countries, with 90% in Africa, especially Ethiopia, due to a lack of early diagnostic facilities and control initiatives. Family caregivers face stress after recovery of their child illness; they have diverse needs, including psychosocial, emotional, spiritual, cognitive, healthcare service, health information, and financial needs, which should be addressed to provide comprehensive cancer
Perceived and Actual Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors among Nurses at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2024
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-11) Tigist Kinfe; Fekadu Aga
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic diseases affecting huge number of people worldwide. Nurses are expected to have adequate knowledge of diabetes for effective management and care of patients. But studies showed that there are gaps in actual and perceived level knowledge of diabetes of nurses.
Challenges to Implementation of Nursing Process among Nurses Working at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-09) Tinsae Muluye; Jembere Tesfaye
The nursing process is a structured framework guides healthcare professionals in delivering personalized, goal-oriented care to patients. However the implementation of the nursing process in Ethiopia is currently suboptimal, particularly within public hospital settings. This is because of various challenges faced by nurses to implement effectively and efficiently in applying the necessary process steps
Determinants of Mental Health Literacy Among Adolescent Students in Governmental Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa, Ehtiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-13) Yodit Felege; Yodit Felege
Mental health literacy is the knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders. Adequate mental health literacy is linked to better health seeking behavior and management of mental illness. It is particularly important during adolescence, a critical phase for developing social and emotional habits important for mental well-being to cope with the stresses of life, realize their ability, learn well and work well and contribute to their community
Comparison of Adverse Neonatal outcomes and its Associated Factors among Women with Adult and Advanced Aged Pregnancy at the Public Hospitals of AddisAbaba City, Ethiopia. Hospital-Based Comparative Crosssectional Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-13) Yonas Mengistu; Luel Deribe
Pregnancy at advanced maternal age (>35 years old) is considered a risk factor for different adverse neonatal outcomes. Adverse neonatal outcomes are the leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide. In Ethiopia, studies were conducted to identify adverse neonatal outcomes, however, having updated information on the status of adverse neonatal outcomes could be helpful in future effective policy and program formulation.
Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors Towards Stroke Prevention Among Hypertensive Patients at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-15) Hana Shafi; Betelhem Bokan
Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors Towards Stroke Prevention Among Hypertensive Patients at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Factors Affecting Motivation For Retention Among Academic Staff at the College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University.
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-23) Ermias Belestie; Ameha Mekasha
The motivation of academic staff is essential for retention and plays a key role in ensuring the quality of education and research within higher institutions. However, the specific factors influencing motivation and retention at Addis Ababa University's College of Health Sciences (CHS) remain under explored and require further investigation to enhance institutional performance and staff satisfaction
Assessment of Perceptions and Challenges of Objective Structured Clinical Examination Among Medical Students and Examiners: A Cross-Sectional Study At College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-13) Natnael Assefa; Damte Shimelis
In the modern context, OSCE is one of the competency-based skill assessment tools in which fairly sampled clinical tasks or skills across learned outcomes are represented in several stations where all examinees are observed against standardized scoring rubrics in a simulated environment. OSCEs have gained acceptance globally due to their emphasis on objectivity and their ability to assess cognitive skills, practical abilities, and professional conduct. OSCE is a resource-demanding, time-intensive, and complex assessment method. Therefore, assessing the perceptions and challenges associated with OSCEs from both the students and examiners in our setup will help to improve the gap in the assessment of clinical competence by OSCE since this method of assessment is relatively new in the College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, as well as in Ethiopia.
Exploring the Pattern of Social Media Usage by Medical Students in School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-05) Lako Wajana; Prof.Mekasha Amha; Kulasegaram Kulamakan(Dr)
Even though millions of the younger generations are using social media (SM) for various purposes in Ethiopia, there is no clear study showing how the trends and patterns of SM usage look like in this group of people, particularly in medical schools. Therefore, the global objective of the current study was to explore the pattern of usage of SM by medical students in school of medicine, College of Health Sciences, AddisAbaba University. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted on four cohorts (Year II, Year III, Year IV and Year V)of study subjects. Simple random sampling technique was applied to determine the proposed sample size. Totally, 132 students were recruited from each cohort; thus a total of 528 students were included in the study. Using pre-tested anonymous questionnaire, information was collected on sociode mographics, the extent of using the SM, the type of SM used, average time spent on them, the purpose why the students use SM, the influence of these media onsocial interaction of students and students opinions regarding the effect of SM on their grades and academic performance. The questionnaire was tabulated and data was analyzed by using descriptive, inferential and quantitative analytical techniques with estimations from the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). A correlation of the variables was determined and X2 was used to compare the relationship of the variables. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were 38.1% (N=201) females and 61.9% (N=327) males included in this study. Almost all students, irrespective of background were active users of SM (99.6%,N=526). Facebook was the dominant SM used by students before joining medical school (82%, N=433), followed by You Tube and Whatsapp. The number of Facebook users has been declined significantly from 82% to 47% after joining medical school. The dominancy of Facebook was over taken by Telegram after joining medical school. The use of Telegram has significantly increased from 18% (N=495) to (82%, N=433) after joining medical school. The proportions of You Tube users has increased significantly from 31% (N=165) to 52% (N=275) after joining medical school. We show for the first time that majority (70%, N=379) of medical students were distracted by SM while preparing for exam and doing their assignments. The distraction of medical students by SM while studying for examination and preparing assignments is significantly higher in males than females. The implications of this finding is triplicate: 1) The need for orientation for medical students at the beginning of the first year, 2) Continuous and intimate follow up is needed by family, Deans and advisers, 3) Special policy is also needed concerning the use of SM by medical students. Continuous personal development trainings might be important to clear out the confusion of medical students about the impact of SM.
The Learning and Practice of Surgical Residents on Whole Person Care: The Issue of Counseling.
(Addis Ababa University, 2016) Deneke Andualem; Kuper Ayelet
Studies have shown that the perceived cleanliness of hospitals, the perceived empathy, experience and ability of health care workers, consultation duration, as well as educational status and occupation of patients are unique determinants of patient satisfaction in health institutions in Ethiopia1,2However, a study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital identified a significant deficiency of communication skills among all categories of physicians in the hospital.
Inter-Professional Education: a Qualitative Descriptive Study Exploring Inter-Professional Learning Experience of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry Residence Students in their Training AAU, Department of Health Education.
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Tibebu Getahun; Mekasha Amha (Prof); Brydges Ryan(PhD); Kalocsai Csilla(PhD)
Objective: To explore the inter-professional learning experience of clinical psychology and psychiatry residency students. Design: Qualitative study Setting: This study was conducted in Addis Ababa University, at the School of Medicine, in the College of Health Science, Department of Psychiatry where both clinical psychology and Psychiatry Residence programs are provided. The study was conducted from Sept -April, 2020. Participants: Purposefully sampled 9 participants; 5 clinical psychology and 4 psychiatry residents’ inter professional learning experiences were explored. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted. Data was obtained with semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Data collection and analysis was concurrent. Result: Three themes and five sub-themes emerged from the data describing the experiences of clinical psychology and psychiatry students. The themes were: (a) IPE experience, (b) Factors affecting active participation (c)Professional identity and IPE experience. Conclusion: IPE experiences were various and resulted from an interaction of many factors. Despite the limitations, IPE experience provides many opportunities compared to Uni-professional learning experience. Inequality in professional status between participants negatively affects IPE experience. Learning experience require a balanced two-way interactive learning between participants. In the initial phase of IPE participants need a clear role assignment with a formal objective to avoid confusion and frustration. Participating in IPE is not an easy performance - the experience opens many opportunities as well as has many challenges.Finally, if implemented with a clear role assignment, significant supervision, and for an optimal duration of time IPE experience can help participants to develop their own profession and guide them in their future work with other professionals.
The Lived Experience of Mistreatment Among Medical Students the Case of St.Pauls’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-07) Yeshitila Tsedey; Bahretibeb Yonas(Dr); Soklaridis Sophie(Dr); Islam Faisal(Dr)
Mistreatment of medical students has long been a challenge in medical schools of various countries. However, studies assessing the prevalence and its effects on students' perceptions of their professional development are scant in Ethiopia. Thus, this study is an attempt to contribute empirical evidence to fill this gap. Specifically, the paper probes the prevalence of exposure to mistreatment among intern medical students at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary and secondary source. The data collected were analyzed and discussed using several descriptive statistics. The survey result revealed the presence of different types of mistreatment, which fairly varies between male and female students. The most important ones were yelling or shouting that is offensive, harsh, or insulting speech on both male and female students and some sort of sexual harassment in only female students. Threat to unfair grade and giving some kind of negative or disparaging remarks are also types of mistreatments (closer to often) perceived and reported by students. The paper also find evidence that nurses and residents were most important source of mistreatment in the learning environment. However, the reasons for such unprofessional conducts were not very clear to most of them. The perceived effect of one or more types of mistreatments were also analyzed and the result shows that medical students who experience mistreatment are found to have hurtful outcomes on their emotional security and professional attitudes. Specifically, many students indicated to sometimes feel a sense of regret in choice of career or lack of satisfaction their educational experience, hating the health environment and depression and low self-confidence. Such feelings of distress during intern status of studies could exacerbate the compromising quality of potential physicians and health care system. Qualitative analysis of data was also highly consistent with the above findings and used for triangulation purpose. The study concludes by highlighting some short- and long-term recommendations that can help the school develop policies and eradicate the widespread and complex mistreatment phenomenon.

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