Geography and Environmental Studies

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Browsing Geography and Environmental Studies by Subject "Adaptation"

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    Adaptation to Climate Variability and Changes in the Small Farming Households, Dire Dawa Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Abebe, Betelhem; Bewket, Woldeamlak (PhD)
    The aim of this study was to assess perception of smallholder farmers‟ on climate change/variability and its impact, and to identify the determinant of farmers‟ choice of adaptation. The study was conducted in two rural kebeles of DDA. Both primary and secondary data sources were used and analyzed by using both qualitative and quantitative (descriptive statistics and MNL model) methods of data analysis. The result obtained from meteorological data of three decades and respondents perception on local climate change is almost indicates an increase in temperature and variability in rain fall. Local people also perceived the hazards induced by climate change and variability such as drought, extreme heat, livestock disease and flood as the major climatic hazards affecting their livelihood. Changing planting date, implementing soil and water conservation techniques, shifting from cattle to goats and sheep, income source diversification and growing drought tolerant crops are the major adaptation options employed by the farmers. The result of MNL analysis identified that sex, education level, availability active labour size in the household, off-farm income, frequency of extension contact, access to credit, distance to market, access to climatic information, farm size, farming experience and access to irrigation are the major determinants of farmer‟s use of adaptation. Farmers also identifies lack of money, lack of information, shortage of land, poor potential for irrigation, lack of market access, lack of credit access, lack of agricultural inputs and lack of extension service as most important barriers to adaptation. Finally, some of the recommendation in the study includes empowerment of women and the strategic use of incentives in adapting and innovating appropriate technologies. Key words: Adaptation, Climate change/variability, Perception
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    Community Perception on Climate Change, Its Impacts and Adaptation Strategies: the Case of Ensaro Woreda, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Cherinet, Abirham; W/ Tsadike, Muluneh (PhD)
    The study was conducted in three kebeles of Ensaro woreda found in North Shewa zone, Amhara Regional State to assess the communities’ perception on climate change, impact and adaptation strategies. The study were used purposive sampling techniques to select both kebeles and household heads. The size of the sample household respondents were 124 out of each 22 participants were female headed households’, one FGD in each kebele with six members of participants and one key informant interviews were held. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used. The study used primary data through interview of households, FGDs, key informant interviews, observation and household survey. The study also used secondary data of temperature from 1987 to 2016 years from ENMSA gridded data to examine the trend of climate change/ variability. Binary logit model were used to see the relationships between dependent and independent variables. The average temperature of the woreda shows an increment by 0.67oc in the past three decades with an annual increment of 0.022oc. Similarly, there is declining trend of rainfall in the past three decades showing high variability. The annual rain fall of the woreda shows decreasing trend by 14.5 %. Based on the result of the study the frequency of drought has increased from time to time, and flood, landslide, pest and diseases are the most impact of climate change in the study area. Terracing, afforestation, rain water harvesting, crop diversification, use of improved crops, income diversification (petty trade, wage laborer etc.), seasonal migration and livestock management (destocking ,cut and feeding system) are the most coping/ adaptation strategies of farmers. The binary model results revealed that the respondent’s age, educational status, access to extension and farm experience have a positive and significant effect on farmer’s perception on climate change and adaptation. On the other hand sex of household heads, access to extension services, farm land size, access to market and access to credit have negative and significant effect on farmers perception on climate change and adaptation in the study area. Moreover, farmers living in the kola areas have been aware of climate change as compared to woyinadega and dega areas. This is due to the fact that lowland areas are already hotter and a marginal change in temperature could be perceived easily. The result revealed that most of the people perceived long-term variability in pattern of rainfall amount and distribution and an increasing trend and variabilities of temperature. Therefore farmers are undertaking different adaptation and coping mechanisms. Providing training, increasing accessibility to infrastructures, credit services, market and introducing new technologies are forwarded as recommendations. Key words: Climate change, Perception, Adaptation, Barriers
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    Impact of Climate Variability on Food Security at Rural Household Level: The Case of Misrak Badawacho Woreda, SNNPR, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Birhanu, Kebede; Woldetsedik, Muluneh (PhD)
    The objective of this study is to assess the impact of climate variability on food security in the study area. To achieve this objective, essential information was gathered from sample kebeles from two agro-ecological zones based on mixed research design. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently. The quantitative data includes long-term climatic data (1991-2015) and crop outputs for 10 years (2005-2015) were used for analysis. Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed to select appropriate key informants, discussants and sample households. Based on the relevant information gathered, the status of food insecurity is assessed by their income and food insecurity indicators in the household level. The result of the analysis shows that the rainfall pattern in the study area is highly concentrated in the moderately food insec insecure affected, and their adaptive capacity is low. Therefore, it is suggested that among other things, enhancing environmental protection (implementing improved soil and water conservation technologies), diversifying off-farm, assuring tenure security, strengthening adaptation and coping strategies, increasing livestock sub- sector productivity and improving irrigation schemes must receive policy attention to enhance agricultural productivity and household food security in the study area. Key words: Food security, agriculture practices, adaptation, households, climate variability
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    Local Peoples’ Perception on Climate Change, Iis Impact and Adaptation Measures in Simada Wereda of South Gondar
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Belete, Marye; W/Tsadik, Muluneh (PhD)
    Climate change is causing the greatest environmental, social and economic threats to all of mankind and across borders in many nations. Perception about the cause, impacts and necessary response mechanisms to cope with climate calamities is important for any population in a given community. In view of this fact therefore, this study assesses local peoples’ perception of climate variability and change, focusing mainly on insight of the local people on climate variability and change, its impact, their responses and barriers of responses. The study was conducted in three kebeles of Simada wereda found in South Gondar, Amara Region, as one of the drought-prone area in the country. It relied on both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. The primary data were collected by using data gathering tools such as FGDs, interviews, observation and household survey. The study also used historically recorded rainfall and temperature data from 1987 to 2009 to examine the trend of local climate variability and change. A time series analysis was used to show trend of temperature and rainfall. The researcher used Coefficient of variation and percent of deviation to discern rainfall variability. The finding of the study showed that both maximum and minimum temperature had increased, belg rainfall had decreased whereas annual and meher rainfall had increased and showed inter annual and seasonal variation. Local people perceived climate variability and change-induced hazards such as drought, flood, pests and disease, land slide, erratic and heavy rainfall affects the environment and their livelihood. For the perceived changes, local people took remedial action to counteract the impacts of climate change. The most common adaptation options include: reforestation, terracing, rain water harvest, change in cropping pattern, growing short maturing crops, family planning and diversification of income. However, poverty, water scarcity, land scarcity, market problem, lack of information about the weather or long-term climate change, forage and feed scarcity, lack of agricultural technologies and appropriate seed and lack of health service were major constraints of adaptation for many people in the study area. Thus, the study recommends a relentless need to address these challenges by the concerned body. Key words: Climate variability and change; Perception; Adaptation
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    Pastoralists and Agro-Pastoralists Vulnerability to Climate change and Adaptation Response: The Case of Aysaita Woreda, Afar Regional State, Northern Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Ali, Hassen; G/Michael, Yohannes (PhD)
    This study was conducted in Aysaita woreda, Afar Regional State of Ethiopia with the objective assessing pastoralists ad agro pastoralists vulnerability to climate change and adaptation response in Aysaita woreda. The study was conducted in two rural kebeles of Galifage and Barga kebele. purposive sampling was used to select the study area and stratified sampling were also used by categorizing agro ecology and wealth status group. After strata simple random sampling was used to select 153 respondents in the study areas. In addition, 1 FGD in each kebele were made which have 7 members in the group comprising the elderly people men and women, rich people men and women, medium people men and women, poor men and women, model farmers and adult. The data were collected from primary data were selected from interview, FGD, observation, while secondary data were selected from project report and information at woreda level The key informant interview with resourceful 50 farmers and 4 development agent persons were conducted. The key informant interview included experienced people and community elders, including men and women also included woreda experts and kebele leaders. Suitable word and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The result shows according to participant in the study area most of pastoral and agro pastoralist community perceived as temperature increased and decreased rainfall in their locality. The pastoralist in the study area is vulnerable and the cause of vulnerability in the study area like; drought, flood, shortage of water, governmental intervention. And this has led pastoralist to adverse impacts on the study area like: human and livestock loss, prosopis juliflora, deforestation, environmental degradation and famine, migration were the major impact in the study areas. Different local adaptation and coping mechanism like; mobility, fodder management, diversifying livestock and crops, selling of fuel wood and charcoal, change meal size, sharing risk, polygamy marriage, Handicrafts activities were used. hinders to do not make them their coping mechanism thus; limited access, lack of agricultural input support from GOs and NGOs, limited access and poverty are the major hinder in the study area. Based on the findings the following recommendations are forwarded: developing farmers’ awareness on how to managed their natural resources, introduce agricultural technologies & inputs, facilitating access to credit services, diversifying source of income, set backing of prosopis juliflora expansion, empowering women, controlling of Awash river. Key word: Climate Change, Vulnerability, Impact, Adaptation, Coping strategies