Animal Production

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Browsing Animal Production by Subject "Adoption level"

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    Analyses of Impact of Improved Dairy Technology Adoption on Smallholder Household Livelihoods and Milk Value Chain in Selected Zones of Oromia and Amhara National Regional States, Ethiopia
    (2014-06) Dehininet, Gezie; Dr. Mekonene Hailemariam, Dr. Ashenafi Mengestu; Dr. Kidoido Michael, Dr. Emmanuelle GuerneBleich
    This study was carried out in Amhara and Oromia National Regional States of Ethiopia with the study objectives to describe the milk production and milk utilization patterns of the smallholder farmers, to analyze the raw milk value chain and milk marketing systems, to identify the determinants of raw milk quality at farm level, to identify the determinants of dairy technology adoption and analyze its impact on household livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Totally, 384 randomly selected smallholder farmers from six study sites were included in the study. Data were collected by questionnaire survey, farm observations, group discussions and milk samples were also collected for both microbial and phyico-chemical analysis. Both Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 17.00) and STATA, version 11 software were used for analyses. Pearson correlation, multiple regression, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and econometric models such that Heckman two-stage model and propensity score matching (PSM) were also used. About 28% of the interviewed farmers were females that produced a significantly (P<0.05) greater average daily milk yield per cow(4.39 liters) than the male headed ones (3.37 liters). In the milk value chain analysis seven main stages (input supply, production, collection, wholesaling, processing, retailing and consumption) were identified. Low milk production (28.4%), need of processing at home (4.9%), unable to pay membership fee (2.3%), lack of awareness (2.1%), loss of trust on cooperatives (1.6%), distance from cooperative center (0.3%) were identified as constraints for smallholder farmers not to be a dairy cooperative members. 74 % of the total milk produced per day was obtained from cooperative members of which 5.2% was utilized directly at farm level and the remains (69.4%) of milk product was transferred indirectly to consumers through the value chain. Milk quality deterioration started at household level and, the microbial load increased through the value chain until it reaches to consumers. There was also a significant difference (P<0.01) in all physico-chemical milk quality parameters between the study areas. Dairy technology up-take constraints were financial problem, feed cost and xviii semen problem for artificial insemination (AI) in Amhara National Regional State and scarcity of crossbred heifers, land shortage and milk market for Oromia National Regional State. Family size, farming experience, availability of extension services, availability of crossbred cows, income from milk and milk products and availability of training in livestock production had positive association with dairy technology adoption and its level of use whereas age of household head and off-farm activity participation had negative association. Introducing and disseminating crossbred cows to smallholder farmers with a continuous follow up used to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and narrow the milk demand – supply gap. Hence, dairy technology input and/or service providers should undertake follow ups to identify possible problems and/or evaluate the use and benefits of the interventions and the concerned public institutions should institute milk quality control and quality based payment to insure milk and milk products quality in the course of production, transportation, processing, marketing and consumption were some of the recommendations forwarded.