School of Psychology

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/156

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Browsing School of Psychology by Subject "Addis Ababa"

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    An Assessment of Knowledge , Attitude and Practices of Teachers on the Development of Fine Motor Skills in Preschool Children in Addis Ababa, Gulele Sub- City: The Case of Phase Academy Primary School
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Sehani Bekele; Moges Ayele (PhD)
    Fine motor skills allow to carry out the execution of crucial tasks in people's daily lives, increasing their independence and self-esteem. In the school context, teachers play a crucial role in fostering fine motor development in early childhood through various strategies and activities. This study, therefore, aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of preschool teachers at Phase Academy Primary School in Addis Ababa, Gulele Sub-City, regarding the development of fine motor skills in preschool children. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to deeply understand this situation. Data were collected through interviews, observation and document reviews. Through qualitative interviews and thematic analysis, the study explores teachers' understanding of fine motor skills, their observations of children's fine motor development, the methods and interventions they employ, and the challenges they encounter. The results show that while teachers possess a basic understanding of fine motor skills, there are significant gaps in their knowledge, particularly concerning developmental milestones and distinguishing fine motor skills from other developmental areas. Teachers observed various difficulties in students' fine motor skills, such as challenges with tasks like tying shoes, buttoning clothes, using scissors, and handwriting. The methods used to develop these skills included cutting with scissors, coloring, and ball throwing, but were often hindered by a lack of formal training and resources. Additionally, the study highlights the absence of a dedicated national strategy and specific school-level protocols for fine motor development. Despite these challenges, teachers recognize the critical role of fine motor skills in children's overall learning and development. The study concludes with recommendations for enhanced teacher training, resource provision, and greater parental involvement, as well as suggestions for future research to further explore effective strategies for fine motor skills development in early childhood education. Keywords: Fine Motor Skills, Pre-school children, Pre-school education, pre-school Teachers, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Assessment, Phase Academy Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Qualitative study, thematic analysis
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    Barriers to Utilizing Counseling Services among High School Students (The Roles of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Eden Assefa; Seleshi Zeleke (PhD)
    Adolescence, marked by significant changes, requires effective support systems, especially considering mental health challenges like academic stress and identity issues. Despite the recognition of the importance of counseling services, their uptake is hindered by factors like lack of awareness, stigma, and cultural barriers. The main aim of this study was to investigate barriers to utilizing counseling services and the roles of knowledge, attitude, and practice among high school students in Lideta Sub-city, Addis Ababa. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa with a total sample size of 427 study participants. The data were entered into epi-info software and analyzed using SPSS. Bi-variate and multi-variate analyses were employed using a logistic regression model. They were interpreted based on the odds ratio and level of statistical significance at a p-value of 0.05. Out of the total study participants, 63.9% heard about counseling services, 61.6% (95% CI: 56.9%- 66.1%) had a favorable attitude towards counseling services, and 39.1% (95% CI: 34.6%- 43.8%) had utilized counseling services. The logistic regression analysis indicated that those who had inadequate knowledge about counseling services were 2.50 times less likely to seek counseling services than those who had adequate knowledge (AOR= 2.50; 95%CI: (1.59- 3.90)) (p < .001). Besides, those who were learning at Balcha Abanefso were 5.23 times more likely to seek counseling services than those who were learning at Africa Hibret (AOR= 5.23; 95%CI: (2.87-9.52) with p-value < 0.001. In conclusion, the data highlights a significant awareness and positive attitude towards counseling services among the participants. However, the utilization rate of counseling services stands at only 39.1%, indicating a gap between knowledge and actual engagement with these services. Keyword: barrier, knowledge, attitude, practice, Addis Ababa
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    Challenges and Opportunities of Pastoral Counseling:The Case of Selected Evangelical Churches In Addis Ababa.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Lidya Solomon; Sewalem Tsega (PhD)
    This study's primary objective was to investigate the challenges and opportunities facing counseling in Addis Ababa's evangelical churches. The research design used in the study was qualitative. conducted semi-structured in depth interviews with ten pastors, including male and female representatives from five evangelical congregations, who were chosen purposfully. With regard to their positions, pastoral counselors' experiences, perceptions, and points of view were to be thoroughly documented using this methodology. The investigation's findings from these interviews included obstacles including the stigma attached to mental health problems, lack of professional training in counseling and the complex interplay between spiritua l and psychological and also opportunities including demand for counseling, collaboration with mental health professionals and holistic approach. Keywords: Pastoral Counseling,Evangelical Churches,Challenges, Opportunities, Mental Health, Psychology, Addis Ababa, Theology, Stigma, Behavioral Science, Training Needs
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    Job Satisfaction of Teachers in Some Selected Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Ketsela, Elleni; Andualem, Tamerie (PhD)
    The aim of this research is to investigate factors that influence job satisfaction of teachers. The research problem assesses teachers’ job satisfaction in selected secondary schools of Addis Ababa. It examines the demographic aspects from the perspective of gender, work experience and the level of job satisfaction in relation to school type. To this end, a descriptive survey was made and the research employed primary data sources using quantitative data collection procedures. The questionnaires were taken from Lester’s (1987) TJSQ . Two hundred five teachers from 12 selected schools (both from private and government) responded to the questionnaires. Mann-Whitney U test was used to conduct test of differences on the dependent variables. The distribution on the dependent variables was observed to be kurtosis. In most aspects of their work, teachers are significantly dissatisfied. Female teachers are found to be satisfied in the working condition factor. Most of them work in government schools. Experienced teachers are relatively satisfied with the compensation (pay benefit) and with the supervision factor. Teachers with nine years and more experience were significantly satisfied with their work. As to the level of satisfaction in relation to school type, government school teachers are found to be more satisfied in the working condition factor. Private school teachers on the other hand are relatively satisfied with other factors like compensation and teachers recognition factor. Schools should strongly work on teachers’ job satisfaction for the benefit of students and the entire educational system
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    The Relationship Between Premarital Preparation and Marital Satisfaction: With Reference to the Mothers of Students of Nisir new Generation School in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Tadesse, Daniel; Minaye, Abebaw (PhD)
    The aim of this study is to examine the differences, between married women with and without premarital preparation, with regard to the issues of marital satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, intimacy and commitment in their respective family lives. For the purpose of this study 100 married women were selected of whom half had premarital orientation and the other half had none. Lottery technique was used in selecting the participants. For data collection questionnaires with 64 items were used. For data analysis the researcher employed t-test to examine the two groups. Furthermore, one way ANOVA was used to determine whether or not marital satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, intimacy and commitment are in anyway affected by socio demographic characteristics such as age, monthly income, level of education and number of children. The study results indicated that (1) those with premarital preparations were generally effective in creating and managing more stable and peaceful family lives than those without premarital preparation, and (2) none of the other socio demographic characteristics had any different on the five issues mention the analyzed. Based on the results some of the finding are forward
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    Secondary Traumatic Stress and Coping Mechanisms among Mental Health Professionals Working in Different Settings in Addis Ababa: A Cross-sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-11) Mihret Luleseged; Kassahun Habtamu (PhD)
    This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of secondary traumatic stress as well as coping mechanisms among mental health professionals in Addis Ababa, working in different settings such as governmental hospitals, psychiatry speciality clinics and psychotherapy centers. Using stratified random sampling, 203 participants were selected for the study. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design. Socio-demographic questionnaire , self –developed instruments , Empathy assessment scale , Secondary traumatic stress scale , Life threatening event –Q and Brief cope were administerd . Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (such as percentage and frequency tables) and binary logstic regression. The findings revealed that the prevalence of STS among mental health professionals in Addis Ababa was 36 .9 % ,Female gender , higher Empathy level , personal history of trauma and personal history of psychiatric disorder were found to be significant predictors of STS. Emotion focused coping particularly turning to religion and getting emotional support emerged as vital coping mechanisms. Addictive behaviors were rarely employed. To better manage secondary traumatic stress, mental health institutions should implement routine screening, provide targeted resources, and offer ongoing training, with an emphasis on problem-focused coping. Building resilience through mindfulness and self-care, and tailoring interventions to professionas ’ demographics such as gender , are also recommended. Further research on the role of the identified significant predictors of STS such as female gender , Empathy , personal psychiatric disorder and personal history of trauma and secondary traumatic stress is essential for developing effective preventive interventions. Keywords: Secondary Traumatic Stress, coping mechanisms, mental health professionals, Addis Ababa
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    Sources of Marital Conflict, the Relationship Between Conflict Resolution Mechanisms and Marital Satisfaction Among Married People in Jemo-1, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Menber, Meaza; Wondimu, Habtamu (professor)
    This research is to explore the major causes of marital conflict, conflict resolution mechanisms, and the relationship between marital satisfaction and conflict resolution mechanism among married people in Jemo-1. This research is mixed type. Using lottery method 160 participants were selected and 6 participants also participated in interview. The findings indicate major causes of marital conflict are money/financial issues, impatience/lack of tolerance, aggressiveness, lack of demonstration of affection, communication issues, in- laws interference, and lack of responsibilities in house hold affairs. Mechanisms use to resolve conflicts are collaborative style, accommodative, and compromise conflict resolution style. Most of the respondents are satisfied in their marriage. The result of spearman correlation indicates that collaborative style of conflict resolution has strong positive relation with marital satisfaction of married partners. And avoiding conflict has an inverse relationship with marital satisfaction. And regression result shows collaborative conflict resolution mechanisms predict marital satisfaction, as well as avoidance conflict resolution mechanism predicts marital satisfaction in a reverse way
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    The Impact of Parents' Socioeconomic Status, Parents’ Attitude towards education, and Parenting Style on Sixth-Grade Students' Academic Performance in Ministry Exams in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-09) Yosef Daniel; Tamirie Andualem (PhD)
    The main aim of the study was to examine the influence of parental characteristics, specifically parenting style, parents attitude toward education, and socioeconomic status (SES), on students' academic achievement. The research adopted a quantitative research approach. In this research connivence sampling technique was implemented to identify the 4 schools from which 275 participants were selected from. The stratified sampling technique was used to determine samples from the target population. The validity and reliability of the instruments was ensured through pretesting and triangulations. SPSS v27 was used to analyze data, both descriptive and thematic analysis were used. Pearson's correlation and linear regression techniques were employed to assess the effects of parental characteristics on academic performance. The findings indicate that parenting style (p = 0.00) and parents' attitude towards education (β = 2.57, p = 0.00) significantly impact students' academic performance. Moreover, parental level of education, and income, but not parents' occupation, were also found to significantly affect students' academic performance. Specifically, authoritative parenting approaches, positive attitudes toward learning, higher parental educational attainment, and increased household income positively shape students' educational experiences. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting authoritative parenting practices, fostering positive parental attitudes toward education, and addressing socioeconomic disparities in education could be effective in improving students' academic outcomes. Recommendations include the development and implementation of comprehensive parenting programs and policies that target these key factors. Keywords: Parenting Style, Attitude towards Education, Parental SES, Addis Ababa.
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    The Psychology of Social Media Influence in Addis Ababa: An Analysis of Influencer Experiences, Strategies and Effectiveness
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-11) Amanuel Melaku; Belay Tefera (PhD)
    This study investigates the experiences, strategies, and effectiveness of social media influencers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, focusing on their role as marketing agents within a culturally unique and digitally evolving environment. Employing a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, the research integrates qualitative insights from 22 semi-structured interviews with influencers and quantitative evaluations from 50 structured questionnaires distributed to businesses that have engaged in influencer collaborations. The findings reveal that influencers leverage authenticity, cultural relevance, and audience engagement to build trust and credibility, aligning with psychological frameworks such as Cialdini’s principles of influence, Social Identity Theory, and the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Influencers in Addis Ababa emphasize the use of personal storytelling, local language, and cultural symbols to foster relatability and group identity, addressing the unique socio-cultural expectations of Ethiopian audiences. Quantitative results underscore the effectiveness of these strategies in driving brand visibility, audience engagement, and positive ROI for businesses, though challenges such as balancing authenticity with commercial goals were identified. This study contributes to the growing literature on influencer marketing in non-Western contexts, offering actionable insights for influencers and marketers while expanding theoretical applications in social psychology. The research underscores the importance of adapting global digital marketing strategies to local cultural dynamics and provides practical recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness and ethical standards of influencer marketing in Ethiopia. It also identifies areas for future research, including the exploration of audience perspectives and the role of influencers in other emerging markets. Keywords: influencer marketing, social media, audience compliance, cultural adaptation, social psychology, Addis Ababa