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Browsing Statistics by Subject "Addis Ababa"

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    Analysis of Effect of Fine Particulate Matter and Meteorological Factors on Acute Upper Respiratory Infection Hospital Admission in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-12) Eyasu, Yosef; Temesgen, Shibru (PhD)
    Air pollution has become the greatest health concern in our world, especially in respiratory diseases. The concentration of particulate matter of size less than or equal to 2.5 in micrometer (PM2.5) in Addis Ababa is higher than that of the 2021 WHO guidelines limit of the annual average of 5μg/m3 and a daily average of 15 μg/m3 for the last four years of the study period. US EPA controlled single air quality monitor data of PM2.5 concentration for location Addis Ababa-Central is obtained from AirNow.gov and it is used with meteorological data for analysis of health effect. Poisson Generalized Additive Model (GAM) is utilized for the analysis of variables under study from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In this study, statistically significant association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and acute upper respiratory infection hospital admission in Addis Ababa city and its health effect is observed. Relative risk of acute upper respiratory infection hospital admission associated with 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.06-1.11). We have also observed a positive effect of relative humidity and precipitation on respiratory infection. Therefore reducing the pollutant concentration in the city needs due attention to help people from difficulty in breathing.
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    Survival Analysis of Hiv/Aids Patients on Anti-Retro Viral Therapy and Progression of Hiv/Aids Disease: the Case of Alert Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-06) Ebrahim, Fatuma; Tesfaw, Dejen (PhD)
    HIV is a virus that causes AIDS which attacks and destroys certain types of white blood cells that are essential to body's immune system, the biological ability of the human body to _ght infections. The main objective of the study was to identify the factors that a_ect the survival time of HIV/AIDS patients and progression of HIV/AIDS disease of an individual patient under ART follow-up. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 729 HIV/AIDS pa- tients who enrolled anti-retro viral therapy from September 2013 to August 2017 at ALERT hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Kaplan-Meier plots and Log-Rank test were used to compare the survival experience of di_erent cat- egories and semi-parametric survival model and AFT models were employed to identify survival time of the patients. Semi-markov model also employed to identify the progression of the diseases. From 729 patients, 86(11.8%) died in the follow-up period. Log-logistic AFT model is better _t the data then other AFT models. The result of this model shows that the survival time of HIV patients under HAART signi_cantly a_ected by functional sta- tus, clinical stage, adherence level, CD4 count, weight and BMI. The result of homogeneous semi-Markov model suggest that at the time increase, the probability to remain in the same state is decreasing while the probability of the patient transiting to a next worse state is increasing.