Veterinary Obestrics and Gynaecology

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Browsing Veterinary Obestrics and Gynaecology by Subject "Agro-ecology"

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    Epidemiologial Study on Ectoparasites of Small Ruminants in Three Selected Agro-Ecological Areas in Oromia Regional State and Their Impact on Tanning Industry, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06-01) Kebede Beyecha; Moses Kyule
    A cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected agro-ecologies of Oromia regional state and Modjo and Ethiopia tanneries, Ethiopia between October, 2009 and April, 2010 with the objectives of determining the prevalence of ectoparasites in sheep and goats, investigating the effect of risk factors on ectoparasite prevalence distribution and assessing the pickled and wet blue skin defects. Simple and systematic samplings were used. The results of cross sectional clinical examination indicated that out of 1325 sheep and 979 goats examined, 637 sheep (48.1%) and 487goats (49.7%) were infested with one or more ectoparasites. The ectoparasites identified on sheep were Damalinia ovis (27.2%), Melophagus ovinus (16.4%), ticks infestation (11.2%), Ctenocephalides species (2.3%), Linognathus species (l.5%), and sarcoptic mange (l.2%). Tn goats, ticks infestation (24.6%), Linognathus species (16.5%), sarcoptic mange (8.8%), and Ctenocephalides species (5.1 %) were identified type of ectoparasites. The overall prevalence of ectoparasites in lowlands, midlands and highlands was, respectively 38.5%, 47.3% and 52.9% in sheep and 49.5%, 564.5% and 33.0% in goats. Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in prevalence of D. ovis among agro-ecologies (highland (36.6%), midland (20.9%) and lowland (14.0%)) and M ovinus between midland (1.9%) and highlands (31.7%).The risk of tick infestation of sheep in lowland and midland was 9.883 times and 13.988 times, respectively higher than highlands. There was also significant difference in prevalence of Ctenocephalides between lowland and highland (OR= 4.738, P = 0.011) and midland and highland (OR= 8.073 , p= 0.000). However no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in Linognathus and sarcoptic mange of sheep. In goats, there was statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) in prevalence of ticks among agro-ecologies, L.stenopsis between lowland and highland and sarcoptic mange between lowland and midland. Both in sheep .and goats no statistically significant difference in prevalence of all identified ectoparasites (p > 0.05) was observed between male and females. Statistically significant difference in prevalence of D. ovis was observed between young (32.0%) and adult (24.1 %) sheep (p< 0.006). In goats, the risk of Ctenocephalides in young was 2.430 times higher than adults. There was also statistically significant difference (p < 0.000) in prevalence of sarcoptic mange between young and adult goats. In prevalence of M avis, D. ovis and sarcoptic mange, statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between poor and good body condition sheep. There was also significant difference in prevalence of sarcoptic mange between poor and good conditioned goats (OR = 7.565, p = 0.000). A study on 716 pickled sheep skins and 716 wet blue goat skins showed cockle ('ekek') was the second dominant defect both on pickled skins (60.2%) and wet blue skins (45.1%). Other major skin defects observed in this study were scratches, scars, and flaying. There was significant association between cockle and scars ("l = 15 .257, p = 0.000) and cockle and scratches (l = 6.965, p = 0.008) on pickled sheep skins. There was also significant association on wet blue goat skins between the cockle and scratches ("l = 1 0.598, p =0.001); however no significant association was observed between cockle and scars (l = 1.983, p = 0.195). This current study also indicates that the proportion of skins with cockle were higher in lower grades than top grades. The results of questionnaire survey revealed that sixty eight owners (91.8%) in lowland, 74 (91.13%) midland and 68 (91.89%) highland knew one or more parasitic skin diseases on sheep and goats. Half of interviewed farmers (lowland) believed that mange had effects on the value of affected skins, while the majority of the respondents in all surveyed ago ecologies did not consider that keds, lice and ticks affected the sale of skins. The overall findings of the study indicate the need of strategic ectoparasite control program in the study area