Veterinary Obestrics and Gynaecology

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Browsing Veterinary Obestrics and Gynaecology by Subject "Abattoir"

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    Abattoir Based Study of Epidemiology of Caprine Tuberculosis Using Conventional and Molecular Tools
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-12-01) Benti Deressa; Gobena Ameni
    Tuberculosis is an infectious disease occurring in several animal species including domestic and wild animals, as well as humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2011 on 1990 randomly selected male goats slaughtered at Luna Export Abattoir to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), evaluate associated risk factors, and molecularly characterize the causative agents. Postmortem examination, mycobacterial culturing, Genus typing, region of difference (RD) based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spoligotyping were the techniques used in the study. The overall prevalence of caprine tuberculosis was 3.5 % (69/1 990).There was marked variation in TB prevalence between the age categories and it was significantly higher in older goats (> 1.5 year) (X2 =6.436; P=O.OII).Variation of the disease between the different goat types and origins were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Mediastinal lymph node was the most severely (0.52±O.084) and frequently (42%) affected tissue of goats. Culture and acid fast bacillus positivity was confirmed in 12 % (8/69) of the goats with grossly visible tuberculous lesion. Up on further molecular characterization using multiplex PCR, five of the culture positive isolates showed signal for the Genus Mycobacterium, of which four were identified to be members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Deletion typing targeting RD4 performed on the four isolates showed the evidence of the presence of RD4 in three isolates which appeared on the gel. Further characterization of the three isolates using RD9 deletion typing has showed that all of them were M tuberculosis. Spoligotyping of the isolates confirmed that one of the isolate is SIT53where as the other two were new strains. The isolation of M tuberculosis from goats in this study suggests evidence of transmission from humans. This also raises the concern of the risk of transmission from goat-to-human and the need to raise awareness among pastoralists consuming raw milk and meat derived from goats
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    Bacteriological Studies on the Respiratory Tracts of Apparently Healthy and Pneumonic Camels (Camel Us Dromedaries) in Selected Districts of Afar Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06-01) Mu'uz Gebru; Tesfaye Sisay
    A cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate and characterize the normal bacterial flora and bacterial agents implicated in pneumonia from the respiratory tract of the apparently healthy and pneumonic camels in the selected districts of Asayita and Dubti woredas of Afar Region. A total of 532 samples including 384 nasal swabs, 74 lung tissues and the same number of corresponding tracheal swabs were collected for bacteriological examination from September 2011 to May 2012. Generally, 903 bacterial isolates that constituted 14 different genera were identified from both the field and abattoir based study. The 384 nasal specimens collected yielded a total of 641 bacterial isolates. CNS, 28.6%, Bacillus, 13.5%, S. aureus, 13.3% and E. coli, 7.8% were the leading bacterial species isolated from the nasal tracts of apparently healthy camels. Nasal swabs collected from the pneumonic camels revealed S. aureus, CNS, Bacillus species and K. pneumoniae at a rate of 28.0%, 11.7%, 11.3% and 7.0%, respectively. E. coli, 12.7%, Proteus species, 10.9%, and K. pneumoniae, 9.1 % were recognized at higher proportions among the 55 bacteria identified from the normal lungs. On the other side, S. aureus, S. equi subsp. eqlli and P. multocida were the frequently encountered species in the pneumonic lungs with the incidence of 16.3%, 13.0% and 10.9%, respectively. The majority of the isolates colonized all the anatomical sites investigated. However, a general decrease in the isolation rate was observed as one goes down the respiratory passageways. There was a statistically significant difference between the health status of the camels as well as along the anatomical sites studied with the isolation rates of the major camel respiratory pathogens (p<0.05). Streptococcus eqlli subsp. equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and S. pneumoniae were identified using the Omnilog®-Biolog identification system at the Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Addis Ababa. The majority of the strains of the camel respiratory pathogens were found susceptible to norfloxacin, streptomycin and gentamicin but resistant to the action of ampicillin and tetracycline on the invitro test. Further studies on the demonstration of the role of other microorganisms, the pathogenicity of S. equi subsp. equi, identification of the serotypes involved and development of polyvalent vaccine are recommended to allow the progress of preventive methods
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    Study on the Risk of Human Taeniasis and Prevalenc of Bovine Cysticercosis in Jimma Town, South western Oromia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06-01) Meron Talu; Getachew Terefe
    A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2011-March 2012 to estimate the prevalence of Cysticercosis in cattle slaughter at Jimma abattoir and risk of human infection through raw meat consumption at butcheries of Jimma town. Interview was conducted on 120 residents to know the risk of infection through raw meat consumption. Active abattoir survey and questionnaire survey were performed to accomplish the study. Of the total 600 inspected animals, 15 animals had varying number of C. bovis giving a prevalence 2.5% (15/600), a total of 41 cysts were collected and anatomical distribution of cysticerci were; 12 (29.3%) in shoulder muscle, 9 (21.9%) in neck muscle, 5 (12.2%) in tongue, 5 (12.2%) in heart, 4 (9.8%) in masseter muscle, 4 (9.8%) in liver and 2 (4.9%) in kidney. Of the total 120 interviewed respondents/ consumers, 66.6% (80/120) had contracted the disease at least once in the last two years and maximum infestation was three times per year. The majority of the respondent had an experience of raw meat consumption as a result of traditional and cultural practice. The infestation varied significantly (p< 0.05) with age group, sexes, habit of raw meat consumption and religion of the respondents. However, there was no significance (p>0.05) difference between educational level and martial status of the respondents. The findings of this study indicated the importance of cysticercosis and taeniasis in public health aspects in the area. Therefore, due attention should be given to the public awareness and strict routine meat inspection in order to safe guard the public health and promote beef industry in the country