Browsing by Author "Mulugeta Tefera"

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    Assessment of Cognitive Status of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Through the Minimental State Examination among Outpatient Attendants in Tikur Anebessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Mulugeta Tefera; Tsige Yosief
    Background: Although it has been suspected from the early 1970s that there is a risk ofimpairment of cognitive function associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is only morerecently that interest has increased in research on possible mechanisms of this association and cognitive function of a patient with type 2 diabetes is not usually evaluated in routine clinicalcare.Aim: To assess the cognitive status of patients with type 2 diabetes and identify factors associated with it detected by MMSE. Methods: Institution based crossectional quantitative study carried out on 384 clients with type 2diabetes mellitus who were selected by convenient sampling. The data was collected by interview using minimental state examination form. Data entry was done in Epi Info version3.5.1 and then the data exported to SPSS version 16.0 for analysis purpose. Prior to actual datacollection, ethical clearance was taken from Addis Ababa University; School of MedicineDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery and Tikur Anebessa Hospital. Result: A total of 384 type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatient respondents were participated in this study. The total MMSE score was 24.32 ± 3.510 points, with a range from 13 to 30. When the interpretation of this row score modified with educational level, 96(25%) respondents were cognitively impaired.Male respondents were found to be significantly, however; negatively associated with impairedcognitive status. Clients with less than grade 8 education were a highest increase in odds of poor cognition than higher education of their complements. Moreover, respondents having lowerincome were 2.6 times positively associated with impaired cognitive status than respondents with high income.Study subjects aged 41-50 and 50-60 were shown to have less cognitive impairment than aged 61 and above of their counterparts respectively. In addition, respondents who have been usinginsulin therapy were presented as impaired cognitive status as compared to those OHA users when analyzed with binary logistic regression. Conclusion and recommendation: Patients with type 2 diabetes should be regularly evaluated for their cognitive function, because duration and severity of disease could be associated with decline in cognition. The early implementation of mini-mental, which is a simple method of execution, can be done to detect early stages of cognitive impairment. Future studies will beimportant to better identify risk factors for cognitive dysfunction and lighten its relationship with diabetes.
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    Assessment of Colostrum Feeding Practice and Associated Factors among Postnatal Mothers in Selected Health Facilities in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, 2020.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-06) Teketel Aster; Murugan Ralalakshmi; Mulugeta Tefera
    BACKGROUND: Colostrum helps to prevent bacterial infections that are a danger to newbornbabies. The antibodies probably help to prevent a baby from developing allergies. From aroundthe world statistics reveal that colostrum is frequently discarded. Lack of knowledge regardingcolostrum feeding is the major cause for infant morbidity and mortality rates. There are diversefactors that affect colostrum feeding in Ethiopia; socio-demographic factors, obstetric factors andhealth service-related factors, and traditional beliefs. OBJECTIVE: To assess colostrum feeding practice and associated factors among postnatalmothers in selected health facilities, in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. METHODS: Facility-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted since March 27, toApril 30, 2020.Totally ten health centers selected. The Sample size was calculated by using asingle proportion formula and the total 427sampled post-natal mothers were participated in thisstudy and allocated to each selected health centers proportion to size. The data was collectedusing self-administered questioners. The analysis was done by SPSS version 26 for data entryand analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with colostrum feeding. RESULT: The prevalence of colostrum feeding practice was 88.8%, which was higher than the country recommendation level. Mothers who had ANC visiting more fed colostrum than motherswho had not ANC visiting (AOR=5.241(95%CI.1.797, 15.286).Mothers who had a goodperception of colostrum more fed their babies than those who had poor perception (AOR=7.43395% CI3.021, 18.289). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The prevalence of colostrum feeding practice was 88.8%, grater majority of mothers practicedcolostrum feeding, which was higher than the country recommendation level Maternal perception, sources of information, ANC visiting, associated factors for colostrumfeeding practice. Health education programs should be given for on ANC follow-up regardingthe importance of colostrum feeding. Mass media should also take a step to educate the families and mothers about colostrum.Ministry of health to take action increasing the promotion of breast-feeding practice especiallybenefits of colostrum feeding.
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    Assessment of Factors Affecting Cancer Patients’ Knowledge and Attitude toward Cancer Therapy, 2018,Addis Abeba ,Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Teklu Emnet; Mekonnen Hussen ; Mulugeta Tefera
    Background: Knowledge and attitude about cancer disease influences the patient’s healt hcare seeking behavior and the treatment outcome. As cancer is among the leading killing diseasesin the world including Ethiopia different treatment options are used to cure and prevent further complications. So the knowledge and attitude of the cancer patient towards cancer treatment is very important to start and finish the follow up. Objective: The objective of this study was focused to assess factors affecting knowledge and attitude of cancer patients toward cancer therapy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Methods: both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed and sample size for quantitative study was determined by using single population proportion (SPP) formula, 298 samples were enrolled from adult inpatient and outpatient Oncology Unit. Also a sample size of 6 was selected for qualitative study by judgmental or purposive sampling technique.Structured questionnaire for quantitative and semi-structured interview guide for qualitative study was used as data collection tool. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; frequency percentage, mean, and standard deviation of all the variables were analyzed on SPSS version 21. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: A total of 296 respondents were participated in the study. The proportion of participants with good knowledge and positive attitude about cancer therapy was 30.7% and 52.1% respectively with 95% confidence interval. Male cancer patients were 35.5% more knowledgeable than those female participants (AOR= 0.355, 95% CI; 1.130, 1.966). Those whose education is college and above were four times knowledgeable about cancer therapy than illiterate (AOR=3.92, 95% CI; 2.08, 7.40). Patients above age 60 years were 42.1% more to have positive attitude toward cancer therapy than 18-30 years (AOR= 0.421, 95% CI;1.999,4.9786).and whose educational background is college and above were 40% more likely to had posit ive attitude toward cancer therapy than illiterate participants’ (AOR= 0.400,95% CI; (1.209,4.765). The qualitative result shows that even though they have good attitude towards cancer therapy the costs are unaffordable and affecting their life as well as their family. Conclusion and Recommendation: More than two third of cancer patients had poor knowledge and around half of the cancer patient had positive attitude about cancer therapy. Male, patients from rural area and more educated patients were more knowledgeable than female, patients from urban and lesser educated patients respectively. Respondents with higher age, education and income level were more likely to have positive attitude than those with lower age, education level and income categories. MoH attention on cancer and cancer treatment education program is vital. In addition, an improvement of low carrying capacit y and poor patients’ registry is necessary to reduce long waiting time for cancer therapy at the hospital.
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    Assessment of Nurses Knowledge and Practice Regarding Patients Care After Cardiac Catheterization at Selected Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia:Cross Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Wondimu Alem; Mengistu Zuriash; Mulugeta Tefera
    Background: Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure which is used in the diagnosis and treatment of several cardiac diseases. As cardiac catheterization involves the insertion of cardiac catheters into the circulatory system, there will be a risk of developing variety of complications which may contribute to morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of complications requires standardized care policies, as well as it needs qualified and skilled health care providers to ensure good patient care and improve patient outcome. Objective: assess knowledge and practice on patient’s care after cardiac catheterization among nurses working in cardiac wards and cardiac ICUs of the selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 151 nurses working in cardiac wards and cardiac ICU of the seven purposely selected hospitals. The total sample sizes were allocated proportionally based on the number of nurses from each hospital. A simple random sampling technique was employed for the selection of study participants. Data were collected by using self-administered structured questionnaire and imported to SPSS version 26.0 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the result. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to determine the association between the independent variables and dependent variables. Result: Overall 42.4% and 32.5% of the participants have unsatisfactory knowledge and practice regarding patient care after cardiac catheterization respectively.BSC degree and training [AOR=3.7 ;( 1.1, 12.4) and 3.1 ;( 1.2, 7.9) respectively] were found to be statistically significant with nurses knowledge of patients care after cardiac catheterization. Experience in cardiac unit, knowledge and training [AOR=5.6 ;( 1.6, 19.3), 2.2 ;( 1.04, 4.7) and 3.0 ;( 1.09, 8.4)] were also found to be significantly associated with practice. Conclusion and recommendation: The study revealed that above one third of of the participants do not have satisfactory knowledge and more than one third of the participants practice is not satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to design and implement knowledge increasing training on patients care after cardiac catheterization Key words: Cardiac catheterization, nurses, knowledge, practice.
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    Assessment of Nurses` knowledge level and Associated Factors toward Diabetic Foot Care Management in Selected Government Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Hailu Wubit; Argaw Zeleke ; Mulugeta Tefera
    Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is a common and the most fearsome problem among peopleliving with diabetes. The management of diabetic foot complications can be optimized by usingan interdisciplinary team that focuses on the correctable risk factors along with optimizing localwound care. Nurses, important members of the diabetes treatment team, have an essential role inthe prevention of diabetic foot problems and in the care and education of patients at risk ofdiabetic foot problems. But there is limited research on nurses` knowledge regarding to diabeticfoot care management. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess nurses` knowledge level and associated factorstoward diabetic foot care management in selected government hospital of Addis Ababa cityadministration, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among nurses who were working in selected government hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2020. Data was collected using structured self-administered questionnaire on 119 study participants were selected using simple random sampling. Result: Data was cleaned and entered using Epi-data version 4.2 and then imported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used for demographic variables and to describe the scores of the study variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to determine the association between the independent variables and dependent variables. The independent variables which become fitted on the bivariate regression less than or equal to p-value of 0.25 was included in the multivariable analysis. The odds ratio with 95% CI and a statistical significance at p value <0.05 was declared to determine the association. Among the participants52.9% of nurses had good knowledge level regarding diabetic foot care management. Factors significantly associated with good knowledge level of diabetic foot care management at p-value<0.05 were married marital status (AOR=0.242, 95% CI (0.080-0.735)) and working in medical inpatient (AOR=11.057, 95%CI(3.46135.327) Conclusion:Substantial portion56(47.1%) of study participants had poor knowledge level of diabetic foot management.
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    Awareness of Colorectal Cancer Warning Symptoms and Associated Factors among Adult Gastrointestinal Tract Outpatient Department Attendants in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-05) Zerihun Tizita; Mulugeta Tefera ; Tewfik Nete
    Introduction: Colorectal cancer prevention and control measures should include publicawareness creation about colorectal cancer sign and symptoms which has great role in earlydetection and effective treatment. Awareness of colorectal cancer warning symptom is notwell known in Ethiopia particularly in Addis Ababa. Therefore, for effective intervention tocontrol colorectal cancer there was a need to study about awareness of colorectal cancerwarning symptoms in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Objective: To assess awareness of colorectal cancer warning symptoms and associatedfactors among adult gastrointestinal tract outpatient department attendant at Tikur AnbesaSpecialized Hospital, in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2023. Methods: This institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 adultgastrointestinal tract outpatient department attendants at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital from February 20/2023 to March 20/2023. Study participants were selected by using systematic sampling technique with 9 intervals. The response rate was 97.3%. Data was collected using ODK data collection tool and exported to SPSS version 7 for analysis.Bivariable logistic regression was used to select candidate variables at p-value <0.2 and Multivariable logistic regression was also used to identify significant variables associated with the outcome variable at and p-value <0.05. Model fitness was tested with Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit (P-value=0.13). Result: One hundred twenty-four (30.2%) of the study participants had good awareness ofcolorectal cancer warning symptoms. Ever had any type of cancer AOR=3.64, 95%CI: 1.61-8.28), regular health checkup (AOR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.05-4.49), being relative or friend with bowel cancer patient (AOR=5.28, 95%CI: 1.92-14.52), heard about colorectal cancer warning symptoms (AOR=3.25, 95%CI: 1.59-6.64) were significant variables associated with CRC warning symptoms. Conclusion and Recommendation: Nearly one third of study participants had good awareness of colorectal cancer warning symptoms. Factors associated with colorectal cancer warning symptoms include cancer history, health checkups, Friends/relatives of bowel cancer patients, heard about colorectal cancer warning symptoms. Hence, additional efforts are needed to raise awareness of colorectal cancer warning symptoms by considering the above important factors.
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    Nurse Managers’ Involvement in Decision-Making and Associated Factors in Selected Government Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Tazebew Chalie; Mulugeta Tefera; Boka Abdisa
    In the healthcare system Nurse managers' involvement in decision-making had boundless value to preserve cost-effective service and safe patient care. The nurse manager is driving power to ensure optimal health care service, despite this Nurse managers' decision-making involvement and associated factors were not well studied. This study aims to assess Nurse managers' decision-making involvement and associated factors in selected government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 Nurse managers in Addis Ababa selected government hospitals with a response rate of 168 (95.5%). The total sample size is allocated proportionally. A systematic random sampling technique was used. Data collection was done by using a structured self-administered questionnaire and checked, cleaned, entered into EP info version 7.2, and exported to SPSS software version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression model using bivariable and multivariable analysis method and P< 0.25 was the cut-off point to consider variables into multivariable from bivariable. A P-value of < 0.05 was used to determine the predictor variables between variables with a CI of 95%.Majority, 97(57.7%) were not involved in general decision-making. Those Nurse managerswho work in matron positions had 10 times good decision-making involvement than those Nurse managers who work as a head nurse: (AOR = 10.00, 95% CI: 1.14-87.72, P= 0.038).Those Nurse managers who had managerial support had 5 times good decision-making involvement than those Nurse managers who lack managerial support: (AOR=5.29, 95% CI: 1.208-23.158, P=0.027). Those Nurse managers who had got feedback for their decision-making involvement had 7.7 times good decision-making involvement than those Nurse managers who lack feedback: (AOR= 7.70, 95% CI: 2.482-23.911, P= 0.000).The study result showed that majority of Nurse managers had poor involvement in decision-making. MOH, AAHB, and administrators of the hospitals may be needed to improve the decision-making involvement of Nurse managers by providing feedback for their decision-making involvement and supporting them.
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    Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cardiac Arrhythmia among Critically Iii COVID-19 Patients at Eka kotebe COVID-19 Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2021:cross-sectional study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Demessie Kidest; Mulugeta Tefera; Mekonnen Hussien
    Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO) June 2 report there were total of 172,173,283 cases and 3,695.990 deaths and, 154, 832,586 recovered with the highest prevalence in the United States America. Cardiovascular and arrhythmic events have been reported in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 has the potential to cause myocardial injury and noted to have heart failure in a study of inpatients from previous studies. There are researches limitation regarding the prevalence and associated factors of the disease in general and particularly among COVID-19 critically ill patients. Understanding the situation in Ethiopia would help to us to improve their status and outcome of clinical service. Objective: To assess the Prevalence and associated factors of cardiac arrhythmia among critically ill COVID-19 patients in Eka Kotebe COVID-19 center Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2020. Method: A Cross-sectional study was applied among 388 sampled medical records of COVID 19 patients at Eka Kotebe hospital. The study periods were from February 25-April 30, 2021. Sample size was calculated by using single and double population proportion formula, A pre tested and structured record reviews checklist was used to collect data and the data entry and data analysis was done by statistical software like EPI data and SPSS. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Result: The prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia among critically ill COVID-19 positive patients with 91.5% response rate was found to be 71.4%. Presence of comorbidity (AOR: 11.00 95%CI; 5.57, 21.70), substance use (AOR: 2.77 95%CI 1.54, 4.99), hypokalemia (AOR: 6.85 95%CI; 2.96, 15.86), hyperkalemia (AOR: 9.31 95%CI; 4.75, 18.22) and hypotension (AOR: 2.75 95%CI 1.27, 5.92) are statistically significant associated factors for cardiac arrhythmia. Conclusion: High prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia was observed in Eka Kotebe critically ill COVID-19positive patients. Presence of underline comorbidity, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypotension and substance (chat, alcohol, cigarettes and others) use were significantly associated with cardiac arrhythmia. Health service organizations have to give attention to monitor vital sign specially blood pressure and to monitor electrolyte balance. Key Words: COVID-19, comorbidity and Arrhythmia .
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    Prevalence and Factors Contributing to Late Diagnosis of Breast Cancer among Women Attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Oncology Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Ayalew Haregewoin; Mulugeta Tefera
    Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. In Ethiopia breastcancer is becoming the first common cancer and higher maternal deaths in the country. The finding fromthis study will have a significant benefit in promoting prevention and early control mechanisms,conscious the policy makers and national programs about the need of preventive, treatment, diagnosticand palliative care facilities and shows the way to address it on the system. Objectives: The aim of this study is to ass’s prevalence and factors contributing to late diagnosis ofbreast cancer among women attending at Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital, oncology unit, AddisAbaba, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: Facility based quantitative cross-sectional study was employed from March 2017. Systematicsampling technique was used involving 215 study participants. Data was collected using structuredquestionnaire for interview and supported from medical records. Collected data was cleaned forincompleteness and inconsistencies using Epi info 3.1. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 20version. Descriptive statistics including, frequencies, proportions and measures of central tendency wasemployed. Bivariate and multivariate analysis using Odds ratio (OR) was utilized to evaluate associationbetween dependent and independent variables. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as level ofsignificance for associations. Result: In this study the prevalence of late diagnosis of breast cancer is 184(88.89%) with the remaining23(11.11%) study participants early stage. According to this study, around 77 (52%) of the respondentsmentioned lack of awareness about breast cancer symptoms as a reason for late diagnosed also 61 (41.2%) of them reported as breast cancer relieve by itself, and 57 (38.5 %) difficult to make decision to go tohealth facility for help seeking as the reasons for late diagnosis related with the patient. Occupation wasonly variable significantly associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer among the socio-demographiccharacteristics {AOR=0.2; 95% CI (0.001-0.80)}. Others such as Health facility, consulted before beingreferred to TASH and breast examination done in initial consultation was significantly associated withlate diagnosis of breast cancer {AOR=1.10; 95% CI (2.50-4.85)}, {AOR=3.32; 95% CI (2.97-5.86)}respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: The study revealed that almost three fourth of the women were diagnosed for breast cancer at late stage. Awareness of breast cancer patients about early detection methods was low. Increase knowledge of women on different types of breast cancer symptom in order toincrease early detection. Key Words: late diagnosis, factor and breast cancer.
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    Relationship Between Perceived patient satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence of Nurses working in Oncology Units at TASH, Zewiditu Memorial Hospital and St.paul Referral Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Asrat Rahel; Tadele Niguse ; Mulugeta Tefera
    Background: - Emotional intelligence skills have been related with perceived patient satisfaction and emotional Intelligence skills of nurses. Nursing professional increase by emotional skill was explored and application of emotional intelligence ideas will be applied to the career of nursing. In Ethiopia there is scarcity of oncology nurses this led to higher load which can purpose burnout in the nurse that remain. Due to expertise hole on the working surroundings decrease their perception on affected person delight directly influence nurses’ performances and retention. General Objective: To assess the relationship between perceived patient satisfaction and emotional intelligence of nurses working in oncology unit at selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 Materials and Methods: An Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from February 20- April 20, 2020. With a sample size of 121 nurses working in oncology units at selected hospitals. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Bi-variable and multi variable analysis was usedto see the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable, Crude and Adjusted OR was used to compute considering p<0.05 to be statistically significant. Results: Among participants 73 (60.3 %) were reported having good emotional intelligence skills, Fifty three percent of the participants had good perception on patient satisfaction. Service year {(AOR=3.7 ;( 2.22, 5.22)} and monthly income {(AOR=4.01 ;( 1.22, 13.17)} were significantly associated to emotional intelligence. Good emotional intelligence was associated {AOR=3.8; CI (1.64-8.8)} with perceived patient satisfaction. Conclusion and recommendation: The study found that there was a relatively not good emotional intelligence skill. There is a need to design emotional intelligence skill increasing intervention plan and implementation
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    The Socio-Economic Impact of Cervical Cancer on Patients in Ethiopia: Evidence from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Endale Helen; Mulugeta Tefera; Habte Teshome
    ts.Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Ethiopia. The increase of its prevalence has create a burden on cervical cancer patients and it is currently becomes a serious health problem in the country .Nonetheless, research on the socio economic impact of cervical cancer on patients is virtually absent in the country. Objective: To assess the socio -economic impact of cervical cancer on patients in Tikure Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, and Ethiopia 2021. Method: Institutional based cross sectional study design was conducted among cervical cancer patients who were attending TASH Oncology Unit from March 1 to 30, 2021. A total of 423 sample populations were interviewed by structured and semi structured questionnaire that fulfil the inclusion criteria. The participants were selected using simple random sampling technique.The collected data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 24 statistical software package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to evaluate the association of variables. Result: Out of 423 sampled respondents, 416 agreed to participate in the study and the responserate was 98%. The study revealed that cervical cancer has a social impact on patients in terms of social discrimination (61.8%), loss of body image (63%), loss of sexual functioning (78%) and loss of femininity (89%). In addition, it has also an economic impact in terms of loss of income (45.7%), financial distress due medical and non-medical expenditures (71%), work and employment challenge (66.8%). From multivariate analysis ,it was found out that level of sickness stage and treatment modality were significantly associated with both social and economic impact of cervical cancer on patients. Conclusion and Recommendation: Cervical cancer has an enormous social and economic impact on patients in terms of social discrimination, loss of body image, loss of sexual functioning, loss of femininity, loss of income, financial distress , work &employment challenge. Hence, efforts on reduction of social discrimination, psychotherapy support and financial support is needed to limit the socioeconomic impact of cervical cancer on patients.
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    Study on Bovine Brucellosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Addis Ababa and Sululta Abattoirs with Focus on Occupational Hazard
    (2006-06) Mulugeta Tefera; Tesfu Kassa
    A cross – sectional study was carried out at the Addis Ababa and Sululta abattoirs to investigate the status of bovine brucellosis and to assess the occupational hazard associated with brucellosis in abattoir workers. The work was conducted from September 2005 to March 2006. The study methodology consisted of seroprevalence study on both cattle slaughtered at the abattoirs and also on humans working in the abattoirs. Risk factors were also assessed both in cattle and humans. Additionally, questionnaire surveys were conducted on abattoir workers. A total of 1501 cattle, 759 from Addis Ababa abattoir and 742 from Sululta abattoir were included in this study. Blood samples were collected from 1304 male and 197 female cattle. Out of the total of 1501 cattle slaughtered in the abattoirs, 1398 were local and 103 crossbred cattle. In addition, 67 abattoir workers from Sululta abattoir were also participated in the study. Serum samples collected from both cattle and abattoir workers were screened using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Positive sera were further subjected to the Complement Fixation Test (CFT) to maximize specificity and predictive value. All the subsequent test analyses were based on the sera that were positive to both the RBPT and CFT. The 2 tests and logistic regression were used to test the association between risk factors and Seropositivity. The 2 , and OR values were calculated using the computer software program STATA. The overall individual animal prevalence of brucellosis in slaughtered cattle was 1.13%. (n = 17). The abattoir level seroprevalence was 1.19% (n = 9) and 1.08% (n = 8) for Addis Ababa and Sululta abattoirs respectively. Significant difference in seropositivity was not observed between the two abattoirs (P = 0.844). X I A highly significant difference in seropositivity was observed between male and female (P = 0.011) and between local and crossbred (P = 0.012) cattle. Difference in seropsitivity between the two age categories was not observed (P = 1.00). Thus genotype (breed) and sex were identified as important risk factors associated with seropositivity in slaughtered cattle and may pose potential occupational hazard for abattoir workers. All the sera (n = 67) obtained from Sululta abattoir workers were found negative for the presence of Brucella antibodies. On the basis of questionnaire surveys, consumption of raw meat, frequent cutting of hands and fingers at work and lack of knowledge about brucellosis and its zoonotic impact were identified as potential risk factors that may predispose the abattoir workers to the disease. In conclusion, the present work generally showed low seroprevalence of brucellosis among cattle slaughtered in Addis Ababa and Sululta abattoirs and none in humans. However, in view of questionnaire survey and the associated potential risk factors, creation of awareness about the occupational hazard and public health significance of brucellosis, adoption of basic hygienic measures among abattoir workers, proper identification of animals brought for slaughter and the conduct of further studies, especially on export oriented abattoirs, are recommended.
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    Survival Status and Predictor of Mortality Among Breast Cancer Patients in Black Lion Specialized Hospital Adult Oncology Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Shibabaw Wondimeneh; Mulugeta Tefera
    Introduction: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and ranks as the fifth cause of death from all cancers, and the most common cause of cancer death in women in both developing and developed countries. Breast cancer ranks as the first most frequent cancer among women in Ethiopia. In spite of the high incidence and mortality rate, survival status among breast cancer patients is not estimated in our country. Hence, this study aimed to assess survival status and predictor of mortality among breast cancer patients in Black Lion Specialized Hospital. Objective: the main aim of the study is to assess the survival status and predictor of mortality among Breast Cancer patients in Black Lion Specialized Hospital Adult Oncology Unit in 2018. Methods: An institution based retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in BLSH Adult Oncology Unit. All cases of breast cancer registered from January1st 2012-December30th, 2014 in BLSH were followed retrospectively for the six-year survival (until december30th, 2017). Kaplan-meier survival curve together with log rank test were used to test for the presence of difference in survival among predictor variables. Cox regression were used at 5% level of significance to determine the net effect of each explanatory variable on time to death after diagnosis of breast cancer. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient characteristics. Results: A total of 627 adult patients with breast cancer were included in the analysis. Of these, 169 patients (26.95%) were died giving a crude death rate of 9.8 per 100 person years (95% CI: 8.49- 11.47).The overall median survival time was 56.5(95% CI (53.46 - 60.83)) months. The overall estimated survival rate after diagnosis of breast cancer was 26.42% (95% CI, 17.09 to 36.67 %) at 72 months of follow up. Independent predictors of mortality were clinical stage (III&IV),(HR =1.86 at 95% CI (1.13- 3.08)), positive lymph node status (HR: 1.83, 95% CI (1.22- 2.736)) and hormone therapy were protective (HR: 0.67, 95% CI (0.45- 0.98)). Conclusion and recommendation: The overall probability of survival in breast cancer patients were inferior when compared with those of high and middle income countries. Significant predictors of mortality in breast cancer patients were advanced clinical stage, poorly differentiated histology grade, surgical margin involvement, positive lymph node status, Absence of hormone therapy, and breast conserving surgery. Hence, a special emphasis should be given to early screening, early stage diagnosis & early initiation of treatment since advanced stage were prone to high mortality.
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    Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: a Retrospective Cohort Study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Tilaye Bantalem; Aga Fekadu; Mulugeta Tefera
    Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the commonest cancer type that has a great public health impact both in developed and developing countries. Impacts from the disease have shown decreasing trends in developed counties; whereas, Mortality from the diseases and reduced survival are still the highest and steadily rising in developing countries. Objective: To determine the survival status and predictors of mortality among colorectal cancer patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 621 colorectal cancer patients selected from patients that registered between January 1st ,2013 and December 30th ,2017 and followed up to December 30th, 2018 using Census sampling. Data was collected from patient record review charts. A Kaplan Meier curve and log-rank test were used to estimate the survival curve and presence of difference in survival among explanatory variables. Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the net effect of each explanatory variable on time to death after diagnosis. Results: Out of the 621 colorectal cancer patients that were included in the analysis, 202(32.5%) had died. The overall mortality rate was 20.3 per 100 person-year (95% CI: 17.7-23.3). The overall survival was 18.1% with median survival time of 34.8 months (95% CI: 30.4 -36.8). Comorbidity (AHR: 1.8, CI: 1.3-2.5); stage [II (AHR=3.8, CI: 1.3-11.1), III (AHR=8.0, CI: 2.8-23.3), IV (AHR=17.6, CI: 6.1-50.7)]; smoking (AHR=1.6, CI: 1.1-2.3); alcohol consumption (AHR=1.5, CI:1.07-2.2); age>=70 (AHR=1.7, CI:1.02-2.9); and marital status [married (AHR=2.4, CI:1.5-3.8), widowed (AHR=2.4, CI:1.2-4.6), divorced (AHR=2, CI:1.1-3.7)] were significant predictors of colorectal cancer mortality. Conclusion and recommendations: the overall survival of colorectal cancer patients was low. It is much lower than the survival rates of colorectal cancer patients in middle- and high-income countries. Hence, the study recommends early detection and screening, and giving priority to comorbid patients and patients that diagnosed at advanced stage.
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    Timely Initiation of Breast Feeding of Newborns and Associated Factors among Mothers Delivered with Caesarean Section in Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-05) Dejen Muluye; Murugan Rajalakshmi ; Mulugeta Tefera
    Background: Timely Initiation of breastfeeding is defined as putting the new born to breastwithin one hour of birth and skin-to-skin contacts along with suckling at the breast stimulatethe mother‟s production of breast milk, including colostrum. Overall, caesarean section delivery may be negatively associated with successful implementation of timely initiation of breast feeding. Objective: The main aim of this study is to assess timely initiation of breast feeding of newborn and associated factors among mothers had caesarean section in GovernmentalHospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25among 413 mothers who delivered with caesarean section. Three governmental hospitals and study participants attended delivery in Addis Ababa. Each study participants were selected byusing consecutive sampling technique was utilized to select individual respondents. The datawas coded, entered and cleaned using EPI Data version 4.6 and then exported into SPSSstatistical software version 26 for analysed. Variables have P-value 0.25 was entered in to multivariable logistic regression model to control for confounder. The degree of associationbetween dependent & independent variables was assessed using odds ratio with 95%confidence interval and statistical significance was declared at p-value 0.05. Results: All the required 413 study participants were interviewed with the response rate of100%. From the total respondents 199(48.2%) of them had good practice of timely initiationof breast feeding. In Multivariable analysis results showed that, there was statisticallysignificance association between timely initiation of breast feeding and parameters such asEducational status of the mother (AOR= 0.18, 95% CI: 0.64-0.50), ante natal care follow up(AOR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.26-0.79), Delivery time (AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.28-3.32). Maternalmedical complication (AOR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.97), mothers feeding for the newbornrather than breast feeding (AOR= 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13-0.38) and maternal breast problem(AOR=9.13, 95% CI: 1.92-43.33). Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence timely initiation of breast feedingmothers delivered by caesarean section was 48.2%. Health care providers, especially thoseworking in labour and delivery wards, must give high attention to caesarean section deliverymothers to initiate breast feeding timely after delivery. th -April 30th
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    Treatment outcome and Associated Factors of Neonatal Sepsis among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care unit in Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Endazanaw Asalf; Mulugeta Tefera; Abebe Fikertemariam
    Background: Neonatal sepsis is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity globally,particularly in developing countries. Despite studies revealed the extent of neonatal sepsis indeveloping countries, the findings were inconclusive. Identification of the determinants forneonatal sepsis and treatment outcome of newborns with sepsis is not adequate in Ethiopia. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcome of neonatal sepsis and itsidentifying factors among neonates admitted to neonatal Intensive care unit in public hospitals,Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods- Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 308 neonates admittedwith neonatal intensive care unit of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Aftercoding, and entering the data to the software descriptive statistics such as proportion,frequencies, cross-tabulation, and measure of central tendency were calculated. Hospitals andstudy participants were selected by lottery method and systematic random sampling techniquesrespectively. Data were collected using structured pretested questionnaire through face to faceinterview and by reviewing both maternal and newborns profile card. The collected data wasentered by using Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Variablesthat have p-value ≤ 0.25 were taken into the multivariable model to control for confounder.Statistical significance was declared at p-value ≤ 0.05. Odds ratio with 95% CI is used todetermine the direction and strength of association between dependent and independent variable. Results: Among the total study 308 neonates, 75(24.4%) were died. Regarding the treatmentoutcome of neonatal sepsis neonates <37 weeks of gestational age (AOR=4.87, 95% CI: 1.2319.22),Grunting (AOR 6.94: 1.48-32.54), Meconium amniotic stained (AOR=3.03, 95% CI:1.02-9.01), Duration of rupture of membrane (PROM) >18hours (AOR=3.66, 95% CI: (1.2011.15),Hypertensive PIH/ Eclampsia (AOR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.24-10.09), Meropenum(AOR=4.16, 95% CI: 1.22-14.21) and CRP positive result (AOR=5.87, 95% CI: 1.53-22.56)were significantly associated with poor treatment outcome of neonatal sepsis. Conclusion and recommendation: The treatment outcomes of neonates 75.6% were recoveredand 24.4% were died. Empirical treatment was the pillar for management of neonatal sepsis inthis setup. There is a need health policy maker to focus on the prevention of risk factors rather than treating the underline disease.