Treatment outcome and associated factors of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
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Date
2021-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Neonatal sepsis is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity globally,
particularly in developing countries. Despite studies revealed the extent of neonatal sepsis in
developing countries, the findings were inconclusive. Identification of the determinants for
neonatal sepsis and treatment outcome of newborns with sepsis is not adequate in Ethiopia.
Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcome of neonatal sepsis and its
identifying factors among neonates admitted to neonatal Intensive care unit in public hospitals,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
Methods- Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 308 neonates admitted
with neonatal intensive care unit of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. After
coding, and entering the data to the software descriptive statistics such as proportion,
frequencies, cross-tabulation, and measure of central tendency were calculated. Hospitals and
study participants were selected by lottery method and systematic random sampling techniques
respectively. Data were collected using structured pretested questionnaire through face to face
interview and by reviewing both maternal and newborns profile card. The collected data was
entered by using Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Variables
that have p-value ≤ 0.25 were taken into the multivariable model to control for confounder.
Statistical significance was declared at p-value ≤ 0.05. Odds ratio with 95% CI is used to
determine the direction and strength of association between dependent and independent variable.
Results: Among the total study 308 neonates, 75(24.4%) were died. Regarding the treatment
outcome of neonatal sepsis neonates <37 weeks of gestational age (AOR=4.87, 95% CI: 1.2319.22),
Grunting (AOR 6.94: 1.48-32.54), Meconium amniotic stained (AOR=3.03, 95% CI:
1.02-9.01), Duration of rupture of membrane (PROM) >18hours (AOR=3.66, 95% CI: (1.2011.15),
Hypertensive PIH/ Eclampsia (AOR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.24-10.09), Meropenum
(AOR=4.16, 95% CI: 1.22-14.21) and CRP positive result (AOR=5.87, 95% CI: 1.53-22.56)
were significantly associated with poor treatment outcome of neonatal sepsis.
Conclusion and recommendation: The treatment outcomes of neonates 75.6% were recovered
and 24.4% were died. Empirical treatment was the pillar for management of neonatal sepsis in
this setup. There is a need health policy maker to focus on the prevention of risk factors rather
than treating the underline disease.
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Keywords
Addis Ababa, neonatal sepsis, treatment outcome, 2021