Browsing by Author "Mohammed, Hussein"

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    Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates based on two PCR markers Merozoite Surface Protein 1 and 2 from kolla-shelle area, Arbaminch Zuria district, South West Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Mohammed, Hussein; Mindaye, Tedla (PhD)
    Background: The population structure of the causative agents of human malaria, Plasmodium species including the most serious agent Plasmodium falciparum ( P.falciparum), depends on the local epidemiological and demographic situations, such as the incidence of infected people, the vector transmission intensity and migration of inhabitants (i.e. exchange between sites).One of the major characteristics of malaria parasites is their genetic diversity and an increasing number of studies have been reported on the population structure variation of P. falciparum based on the polymorphism of merozoite surface protein (MSP) 1 and 2. Limited data however are available from Ethiopia. Objective: To evaluate the extent of genetic diversity of P falciparum in Kola-Shele in South West of Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility based cross sectional study design was employed to determine the prevalence of genetic diversity of P.falciparum in Kola-Shele area. Eighty-eight stored dried blood spot samples which were collected between September and December, 2008 were used. Parasite DNA was extracted from the blood spot on to filter paper and analyzed by length polymorphism following gel electrophoresis of DNA products from nested polymerase chain reactions targeted block 2 of msp-1 and block 3 of msp-2,including their allelic families: K1,MAD20,RO33 and FC27,3D7/IC1, respectively. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel sheet and was double entered to verify accuracy; data was analyzed using SPSS for windows 16 soft ware (SPSS INC, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The total number of alleles identified in MSP1 block 2 was 11, while 12 alleles were observed in MSP2 block 3.In MSP1, K1was found to be the predominant allelic type, carried alone, with MAD20 and RO33 type. In MSP2, 3D7/IC was the most identified. Forty- three and sixty nine percent of isolates MSP1 and MSP2, respectively had high multiple genotypes and the overall mean multiplicity of infection was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.48-2.04). Conclusion: The Genetic diversity in P. falciparum field isolates in kolla-Shelle area were mixed and multiple infections were observed. K1 and 3D7/IC1 were the most predominant circulating allelic families
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    Home Management Practice and Factors Associated Wwth Mother’s Modern Health Care Seeking Behavior for Childhood Diarrheal Diseases in Ginir District,Bale Zone.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Mohammed, Hussein; Dayessa, Nigussie(Dr.)
    Background: Diarrheal disease still remains among the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Despite diarrhea being a disease that is easy to prevent and treat, it causes about 1.5 million under-five deaths every year. The poor outcome of diarrheal episode is mainly the result of improper mother’s treatment of diarrhea diseases at home and the types of treatment she seeks. Objectives: To assess mother’s home management practice, prevalence of modern health care seeking behavior and its determinant factors for childhood diarrheal illnesses in Ginir District, Bale Zone, Oromia Regional states. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from January to February 2013 in Ginir District. The study participants were 664 mothers/caretakers who have under-five children with diarrhea. Data was collected using both structured and semi-structured open ended questionnaire. A descriptive statistics, bivarate and multivariate analyses were done using cross tabulation and binary logistic regression. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis after exported to open code software. Results: the study showed that, majority of the mothers 291(43.8%) provide less than usual or gave nothing to drink and only 169(25.2%) of them provide more than usual fluids as recommended for their children with diarrhea. More than half of the mothers 373(59.6%) decreased or withhold food, and only 198(31.6%) of the children with diarrhea fed as usual. Even though the use of ORS is widely recommended, only 191(28.8%) of the children with diarrhea were given ORS. The prevalence of mother’s modern treatment seeking behavior were found to be low in the district, where only 246(37%) of the mothers sought modern treatment for their children with diarrhea. Higher level of mother’s education (AOR=15.3, 95% CI=5.4, 43.5) and being a model family (AOR=1.9, 95%CI=1.3, 2.8) were factors positively associated with modern treatment seeking behavior. Those mothers, who live greater than five kilometers were less likely to seek modern treatment than those who live within five kilometers of health facility (AOR=0.27, 95%CI=0.17, 0.44). Mothers who thought their children had severe diarrhea were 3.4 time more likely to seek modern treatment compared to those who thought mild (AOR=3.43, 95%CI=1.77, 6.63) and mothers who related the causes of diarrhea to some Folk causes were less likely to seek modern treatment than those who respond did not know (AOR=0.26, 95% CI=0.16, 0.42). Conclusions and recommendations: majority of the mothers practice inappropriate home management for childhood diarrheal diseases and the utilization of modern treatment were low in the area.Mother’s educational status, model family, distance from health facility, perceived severity and perceived causes of the illness were found to be statistically significant predictors of mother’s modern healthcare-seeking behavior for childhood diarrhea. Effort should be made to improve mother’s home management practice and mother’s modern healthcare seeking behavior for childhood diarrhea diseases.
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    The Impacts of Some Demographic and HIV Related Risk Behavior Variables on the Status of HIV/Aids: The Case of Ossa Mobile VCT Center in Urban Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba university, 2007-07) Mohammed, Hussein; Wencheko, Eshetu(Professer)
    Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV allows individuals to determine their HIV status and serve as a gateway for both HIV prevention and early access to treatment, care and support. The services are available in government, non-government and health facilities. However, very little is known about the demographic profile, risk behavior and HIV prevalence among VCT clients. The study aims at describing the impacts of some pre-test counselling session factors on the status of HIV/AIDS, which includes both demographic and risk behavior factors. The data for this study were taken from the OSSA mobile VCT center in urban Addis Ababa and data were analyzed using SPSS. Among the 14810 clients a majority (67.6%) were males with overall average age of 28.8 years. About (62%) of the total clients were never-married followed by currently married clients (29.7%) among those whose marriage was dissolved (divorced and widowed). The proportion of female clients is higher than males. About (57.1%) of the clients have attended junior and high school and female clients appeared to be less educated than males. The reason cited for seeking VCT services by the majority (49.4%) of the clients is due to the risky behavior they passed through followed by those who went to'' plan for future" (44.7%). The vast majority of the clients (78.2%) ever had sexual practices in the past and female clients were less likely than their male counterparts to report sexual practices. Nearly half of (52.2%) of the clients reported that they did not use condoms in three months time prior to testing and during the last sex months; females are more likely than males for not using condoms. Prevalence of HIV infection among mobile VCT clients was estimated to be 6.4% and varied by socio-demographic and risk behavior
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    Silte As A Medium Of Instruction
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Mohammed, Hussein; Meyer, Ronny (PhD)
    Thi s study is an accou nt Cor thc dcvelopmcnt of Silt'c as a mediulll of" ins truct ion. The th es is consists of li vc c ha ptcrs. The first chapter is an introduction whcre the geograp hy. language and pcoplc o f Silt·e. the pro bl em. the object ives. th c s ign ificance and thc limitation of the st udy a rc stated. The sccond chapter dea ls with rcvicw of rc lated litcraturc. Di scussio ns of" the thcoretical and mc thodological preliminarics are providcd in the third chapte r. Thc fo urth chap tc r. whi ch is the main body of this work. deals with results and di sc uss ions. Thc last chaptcr summarizes the di sc uss ions in the fc) rego ing chapters and pro vidcs recommendation on thc implcmcntations
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    Silt’e as a Medium of Instruction
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Mohammed, Hussein; Meyer, Ronny (PhD)
    This study is an account for the development of Silt’e as a medium of instruction. The thesis consists of five chapters. This chapter is an introduction where the geography, language and people of Silt’e, the problem, the objectives, the significance and the limitation of the study are stated. Discussions of the theoretical and methodological preliminaries are provided in the third chapter. The fourth chapter, which is the main body of this work, deals with results and discussions. The last chapter summarizes the discussions in the foregoing chapters and provides recommendation on the implementations