Browsing by Author "Lessa, Lemma (PhD)"

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    Assessing Cloud ERP Adoption in Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06-15) Fekadu, Biniyam; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    The trend these days is towards Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems as organizations are continuously searching for ways to operate more efficiently in order to remain competitive. ERPs are integrated information systems that transform organizations’ internal processes, provide collaboration with partners, external applications and information systems. Extant literature reveal that organizations have interest in transition from an on premise method to the new cloud-based ERP systems because the on premise solutions have many issues and challenges whereas cloud-based ERP systems facilitate extra benefits. Using the technologyorganization- environment, diffusion of innovation, and the model of innovation resistance frameworks as lens, this research aims at identifying factors contributing for the actual adoption of cloud ERP in Ethiopian context. A quantitative approach is adopted and survey was conducted using self-administered online questionnaire using Google Forms to gather data from employees of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise. Out of 295 questionnaires distributed, 152 valid questionnaires were collected and considered for the data analysis. The proposed model was tested using a partial least square with the help of the Smart PLS 2.0 software. The proposed model explained 58.5% of variance in cloud ERP adoption factors. The empirical analysis result of the study indicated that Relative advantage, Trust, Information technology skill and External pressure had significant influence ( P < 0.05) on the adoption of cloud ERP in Ethiopia whereas organizational culture, trialability and observability had no significant impact ( P > 0.05) on the adoption of cloud ERP service. The research was conducted in the single case organization, Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors which affect the adoption of cloud-based ERP technology in Ethiopia which may help the Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Enterprise to understand its workforces’ intention to adopt the cloud ERP and make strategy accordingly to realize potential benefits of the system. This research has contributed to theory, in that considering the shortage of literature that currently exists in general about cloud technology adoption, it is an addition to enrich cloud ERP service related literatures by exploring different factors which can affect adoption process, and also help as springboard for other researchers for the future work on the area. The study’s findings also provide guidance for companies that have interest to adopt cloud-based ERP in the future. Future research works could examine multiple cloud ERP implementing organizations with the research model that incorporating additional constructs in users’ cloud ERP adoption.
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    Assessing Information Security Management Using an Iso 27001:2013 Framework: a Case Study at Ethio Telecom
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-11-04) Gebrehiwot, Yemane; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Nowadays, information is becoming critical for any organization because information is one of the most valuable assets in organizations to operate their businesses and market interactions. Information security and its management have great role on keeping the organization’s reputation through the preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of the systems and services in telecom sector. An information security management system is a systematic approach for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving an organization’s information security to achieve business objectives. Despite its importance for business innovation, information technology has continuously posed new security challenges to business information and information assets. The technical solutions alone cannot be enough to address the information security challenges. Management aspects and fulfillment of information security standards are required to be considered. The purpose of this study is to assess current information security management practices of Ethio telecom based on the ISO/IEC 27001 and its control to identify the critical and mandatory requirements for ISM based on ISO/IEC270001:2013 standard for Ethio telecom. In this work, attempts were done to examine and compare the available ISM frameworks and standards. This research combines ISO/IEC 27001 audit checklist and researcher’s own experience to assess the information security practices in telecom industry. Both qualitative and quantitative research approach were used. Data were collected via questionnaire survey, document analysis, and interviews. To analyze the data SPSS tool is used. The study results show that assessed telecom is at diverse states in managing the security of its information security. Moreover, they all are found to be at low level or doesn’t comply of ISM practice with respect to the selected international standard. Critical and mandatory requirements for ISM is developed and evaluated. The evaluation identifies and shows the security requirements and selects controls. Thirteen main ISM requirements are identified as critical and mandatory and also some which are not mandatory for the telecom sector.
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    Assessment of Information Systems Security Management in Selected Public Organizations in Ethiopia: a Gap Analysis
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-06) G/Egziabher, Getnet; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    The purpose of this research was to evaluate the Information Security Sector management (ISSM) implementation and find the gap analysis in four federal public organizations in Ethiopia. This study examined the practices and implementation, the trends regarding ISSM with particular reference with MOFED, MOR, TECHIN, and ESSTI. In terms of research methodology qualitative approach and multiple case study approach was employed. In this study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Subsequently, key informant interviewing and document analysis and observation were used to collect data. Qualitative method used as data analysis techniques as well as the interview were mainly used. This study identified numerous and examined the gaps in ISSM implementation in practice in public sector in the organizations and the way forward. This study further, examined the repercussions based on international ISO standards. The finding of the study revealed that the general gaps in ISS, lack of experienced human resource in the field, unable to implement an IT system, lack IT policy, lack of training, lack of user side understanding Violating Rules and regulations.
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    Assessment of Information Systems Security Management in Selected Public Organizations in Ethiopia: a Gap Analysis
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-06) G/Egziabher, Getnet; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    The purpose of this research was to evaluate the Information Security Sector management (ISSM) implementation and find the gap analysis in four federal public organizations in Ethiopia. This study examined the practices and implementation, the trends regarding ISSM with particular reference with MOFED, MOR, TECHIN, and ESSTI. In terms of research methodology qualitative approach and multiple case study approach was employed. In this study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Subsequently, key informant interviewing and document analysis and observation were used to collect data. Qualitative method used as data analysis techniques as well as the interview were mainly used. This study identified numerous and examined the gaps in ISSM implementation in practice in public sector in the organizations and the way forward. This study further, examined the repercussions based on international ISO standards. The finding of the study revealed that the general gaps in ISS, lack of experienced human resource in the field, unable to implement an IT system, lack IT policy, lack of training, lack of user side understanding Violating Rules and regulations.
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    A Cloud Computing Deployment Model for Ethio Telecom
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-07-23) Ali, Almehadi; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Adoption of cloud computing can reshape the organization IT landscape and can heavily impact its business strategy and performance. To ensure successful adoption of cloud computing and to properly manage changes that occur because of cloud computing, an organization needs to identify what kind of cloud computing deployment model fits the organization needs and what must be fulfilled before adopting the potential deployment model. This is because each cloud deployment model satisfies different organizational needs and needs different readiness levels of the organizations. The general objective of this research is to propose a cloud computing deployment model that aligns with the specific need of Ethio telecom and to assess the readiness level of Ethio telecom to adopt the potential deployment model. Both qualitative and quantitative research approach were used. Data were collected via questionnaire survey, document analysis, and interviews. A document analysis conducted to understand Ethio telecom infrastructure and service which includes understanding basic service, business and mission critical systems and customers while interview to assess challenges of current infrastructure. The analysis of the interviews showed that, DC management issues, storage issues, outdated technology, lack of resource utilization, reduced agility and security threat are the main challenges of current infrastructure. The study indicated that Private Cloud deployment model has both the ability of cloud model to fulfill a business needs and the level of cloud model to meet the factors to select a cloud deployment model. A questionnaire was used for conducting a readiness assessment of ethiotelecom to adopt the proposed model in three major phases using Gartner Magic Quadrant. Overall result of the assessment shows that. core business/competitive position are barrier to 6 IT service and application, standardization are barrier to 4 IT service and application ,compliance are barrier to 4 IT service and application, Service type are barrier to 4 IT Service and application, and importance or availability are barrier to 3 IT Service and application. On the other hand, degree of distribution, network connectivity, and identity management are enabler for Ethio telecom to adopt the proposed model. Based on the finding and consideration to most critical factors, 10 IT service and application have been categorized as likely cloud ready. This study takes Ethio telecom as a cloud user, the finding of this study cannot be generalized to other telecom service provider who use and provide a cloud service.
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    Comparative Analysis of Critical Factors Affecting Erp Implementation in Private and Public Organizations in Ethiopia: a Pareto Approach
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-01) Msganaw, Sisay; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    This paper attempts to explore and identify factors affecting ERP implementation in private and public organizations in context to Ethiopia. Several works were done in relation to ERP implementation around the globe. But institutional and environmental factors may differ in ERP implementation and strongly needs investigation in order to adopt and use the system efficiently and effectively. ERP system adopted successfully in one culture, nation, or region, may be failure in another. Besides comparative analysis of contextual factors of ERP implementation in public and private organizations is not addressed in extant literature in context to Ethiopia. This research takes cases of MS-Dynamics ERP solution in ASKU private business organization and Ale Bejimlla public business organization. The research used detail interviews, document review and mainly used survey questionnaires. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data in both cases because the researcher selected key respondents in order to answer the research questions properly. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to describe the data. To identify the more critical factors that affect ERP implementation, Pareto approach is applied. Which factors are more critical in private and public organizations? What are the similarities and differences between private and public organization regarding ERP implementation? Although the same ERP software package is implement in private and public organization, the results of this study shows some key critical factors are different and some others are similar in both organizations. Accordingly, availability and facilitation of IT infrastructure, teamwork composition, top management support and commitment are crucial issues that were found in both cases. However, business process reengineering and software configuration, training and support for users, end user involvement, existence of communication plan, consultant selection and relationship are identified as the crucial factors that were found in private organization than public organizations. On the other hand, budgetary constraints, financial plan, implementation strategy and time frame, customization/localization of software according to environment are identified as the crucial factors that found in public organization than private organizations. v In addition, recommendations are forwarded for private and public organizations in order to enhance the opportunities to implement ERP system. Therefore, managers, users, implementers and any other stakeholders should be focused on these key factors in implementing ERP system in any organizations.
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    Comparative Analysis of Critical Factors Affecting Erp Implementation in Private and Public Organizations in Ethiopia: a Pareto Approach
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-03) Msganaw, Sisay; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    This paper attempts to explore and identify factors affecting ERP implementation in private and public organizations in context to Ethiopia. Several works were done in relation to ERP implementation around the globe. But institutional and environmental factors may differ in ERP implementation and strongly needs investigation in order to adopt and use the system efficiently and effectively. ERP system adopted successfully in one culture, nation, or region, may be failure in another. Besides comparative analysis of contextual factors of ERP implementation in public and private organizations is not addressed in extant literature in context to Ethiopia. This research takes cases of MS-Dynamics ERP solution in ASKU private business organization and Ale Bejimlla public business organization. The research used detail interviews, document review and mainly used survey questionnaires. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data in both cases because the researcher selected key respondents in order to answer the research questions properly. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to describe the data. To identify the more critical factors that affect ERP implementation, Pareto approach is applied. Which factors are more critical in private and public organizations? What are the similarities and differences between private and public organization regarding ERP implementation? Although the same ERP software package is implement in private and public organization, the results of this study shows some key critical factors are different and some others are similar in both organizations. Accordingly, availability and facilitation of IT infrastructure, teamwork composition, top management support and commitment are crucial issues that were found in both cases. However, business process reengineering and software configuration, training and support for users, end user involvement, existence of communication plan, consultant selection and relationship are identified as the crucial factors that were found in private organization than public organizations. On the other hand, budgetary constraints, financial plan, implementation strategy and time frame, customization/localization of software according to environment are identified as the crucial factors that found in public organization than private organizations. In addition, recommendations are forwarded for private and public organizations in order to enhance the opportunities to implement ERP system. Therefore, managers, users, implementers and any other stakeholders should be focused on these key factors in implementing ERP system in any organizations.
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    Design and Development of Project Knowledge Management System for Addis Ababa Science and Technology Agency
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-09-04) Mekonnen, Yirga; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Knowledge Management plays an important role especially in project based organization to help them accomplish their mission effectively. However, project knowledge is manually managed at Addis Ababa Science and technology Agency /AASTA/, a project based government organization under the Addis Ababa city administration. As a result, the project related knowledge is not easily available, accessible and usable by the stakeholders. The general objective of the research, thus, is to explore factors hindering effective management of project based knowledge and then propose a project knowledge management system to improve the practice of using project knowledge within the organization in order to increase chances of project success. A case study research strategy is adopted considering AASTA as a case. Data was collected using questionnaire, and document review. This strategy helped to identify AASTA’s current project management practice with the areas of possible improvement. Subsequently a project knowledge management system is designed based on design science research methodology (which integrates problem identification, objective, design, demonstration, evaluation). This study has significant implications for the AASTA and other stakeholders. It has identified and analyzed the causes and impacts of poor management of project knowledge. The study also indicated that top management, project managers, team leaders and project team members should consider using previous project knowledge. Finally, a project knowledge management system framework is proposed for AASTA in order to mitigate the problem. Then a prototype is proposed to demonstrate the proposed project knowledge management system with components of the framework. The study findings are not generalizable to other contexts. It is because that this study is a qualitative type of research and only focused on the AASTA context. The study recommends a framework and prototype for the concerned bodies of AASTA which must be implemented for effective management of project knowledge and also validated the prototype by different experts in the works at directorate, team leader and expert level, and obtain positive feedbacks. The study also recommended to the need to conduct further study in the area of project knowledge management on the public sectors with in Addis Ababa City Government.
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    Developing and Validating Pre-Implementation Readiness Measure for Enterprise Resource Planning (Erp) Systems
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06-10) T/Haimanot, Eden; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Prior researches attempted to develop Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) pre-implementation readiness models and frameworks but developing a measurement model for same was not well addressed. This study is aimed at developing and validating an ERP pre-implementation readiness measurement tool for ERP systems for application in different sectors. The research question addressed in this study is:“What pre-implementation readiness measurement tool could be develop for ERP system implemtation?” The study has proposed a research model based on prior researchers.Then, survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Out of 120 questionnaires that have been distributed to employees, 103 valid questionnaires were collected and used for data analysis. The proposed model was tested using a partial least square with the help of the SmartPLS 2.0 software. The proposed model explained 91.6% of the variance in the ERP pre-implementation readiness. The empirical evidence of the study indicated that IT strategy & planning, top management commitment, planning, technology application management, service management, individual commitment, and individual capability were found as major influencing factors of ERP pre-implementation readiness measurement tool whereas IT resource management, process & structure, ERP system integration capability, partnership commitment, partnership capacity, ERP vendor support, software consistency with rules, having the right expectation from the software and ERP system upgradeability were found to have insignificant in determining ERP pre-implementation readiness. The study proposed measurement tool to measure the ERP pre-implementation readiness for different companies. Evaluating ERP pre-implementation readiness in the early stage is essential to decrease the failure of ERP initiatives and to know the gap of a company before launching an ERP project. This research has contributed to theory by proposing a measurement tool for ERP pre-implementation readiness. Practitioners can also use the proposed measurement tool as a quality criteria in the course of ERP implementation initiatives.
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    Developing Erp Pre-Implementation Readiness Assessment Framework for Ethiopian Context: A Multi Stakeholders’ Perspective
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-12-05) Tekleselassie, Rahel; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Unlike developing countries, developed ones use ERP systems extensively and 88% of ERP market share is owned by North America and Europe. Such fact drove ERP vendors to turn towards developing countries - considered as a promising market – to promote their products. Now a days Ethiopia is one of the developing countries in which several organizations are implementing ERP system with the purpose to survive in a marketplace and to gain a competitive advantage. This created a golden opportunity for ERP vendors to promote their packages as if they are providing the magic tool for business diseases but most vendors do not apply a comprehensive study before adopting such technology to surf for pre-required infrastructure and capabilities especially in developing countries. Even though there are studies, multi stakeholders’ perspectives were not considered in their ERP pre-implementation readiness assessment framework. Besides, most of them are done on the context of developed nations. The purpose of this study is to investigate ERP Pre-implementation readiness from multi-stakeholders perspectives such as organizational, technical, user, consultant and vendors perspective in the context of Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU) Company with the view to develop a framework for evaluation of ERP Pre-Implementation readiness and design a solution framework to address those issues. The Pre-implementation aspect is a critical step in the implementation process. In order to answer the research questions and achieve the objective of the study, a set of critical success factors were identified from peer-reviewed literatures. Interview and survey questionnaires were used for collecting data. Using literature review CSFs were identified. Interview and (primary& secondary) survey questioner were prepared based on the identified CSFs. Primary questioner was used to identify appropriate CSFs for pre-implementation stage and their criticality. Secondary questioner and interview were used to validate (assess feasibility of) the framework by applying to the case company. Based on the result of primary survey questioner a multi stakeholder’s perspective ERP pre-implementation readiness assessment framework has been proposed. It is recommended that any organization interested in implementing ERP can use the proposed pre-implementation framework to addresses all aspects of an organization to attain implementation success. The feasibility assessment of the proposed framework result revealed that the case company has limitations on the number of dimensions and has also shows areas the company must pay a attention to fill the gap.
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    Evaluating Usability of Security Mechanisms of E-Health Applications: Cases from Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-06) George, Antonyo; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    E-Health systems play an important role in information processing in healthcare for the benefit of the patient as well as health professionals in hospital. Various pieces of literature support that many of e-health applications were developed by using one or more standards in SDLC from start to finish to fulfill the functional requirement and more with a proper set of security mechanisms in place, from the development point of view. However, majority of these security mechanisms were not considered from the users’ point of view. As a result, security of health information is becoming an important and growing concern for all those delivering healthcare by protecting sensitive patient records from unauthorized people using security mechanisms. This research is aimed at answering the following two research questions: How usable are the security mechanisms of e-Health applications in Ethiopia? And how do we improve the usability aspect of the security mechanisms of e-Health applications? The objective is to evaluate usability of security mechanisms of e-Health applications functional at health facilities operational under Addis Ababa Health Bureau and identify strengths and weaknesses of the usability of the security features of the e-Health applications. This study uses a qualitative research methodology that uses heuristic evaluation of using three e- Health applications by three experts with thematic analysis to identify their focus idea from the collected data. Three e-health systems are widely used by health care facilities in Ethiopia (DHIS2, SmartCare, and OpenEMR). Data collection instrument having thirteen criteria (Visibility, revocability, clarity, convey features/expressiveness, learnability, aesthetics and minimalist design, errors, satisfaction, user suitability, user language, user assistance, security and privacy) was adopted from a framework developed by Yeratziotis (2011) dissertation and updated in 2012. The finding reviled that out of the thirteen criteria, learnability, aesthetics and minimalist design, and user language were in compliance, in contrary revocability and user suitability were not in compliance with security features according to all the experts review of all e-Health applications. Finally, recommendations were given for practice and suggestions forwarded for future research.
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    Factors Affecting Mobile Payment Adoption by Merchants in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-02-02) Abebe, Firehiwot; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Nowadays the world witnessed a rapid growth in mobile commerce and widespread use of mobile devices. The growth of mobile commerce depends on widely accepted mobile payment systems. However, this trend is not well experienced in developing countries like Ethiopia. Even though merchants somehow benefited from the rapid growth in electronics commerce and use of mobile devices in e-commerce, they still hesitate to effectively employ in their day to day transactions. Little research has been conducted to examine and explain the merchants' views on the new payment technology.The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting merchants’ adoption of mobile payment in Ethiopia considering CBE Birr and M-birr as a case. Accordingly, it is tried to answer the question “What are the factors that affect merchants’ adoption of mobile payment in Ethiopia?” The study employed a descriptive survey and adopted a research model from ÖRS (2018). The model is build based on the most frequently used constructs affecting the latent variable in the mobile payment system. The variables reflected in this study are usefulness, ease of use, security, cost, compatibility, social influence, enjoyment, anxiety, knowledge, and innovativeness. Thus, this study reviews different models and pick this model since it is best for the study area with respect to merchants’ adoption of mobile payment.Data was gathered from merchants in Addis Ababa and Oromia special zone, surrounding Addis Ababa who are using CBE Birr and M-birr mobile payment system. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Out of 376 questionnaires that have been distributed to participants, 363 valid questionnaires were collected and used for data analysis. The proposed mobile payment model was tested using a partial least square with the help of the SmartPLS software. The proposed mobile payment model explained 94.8% overall variance in adoption. The empirical evidence of the study indicated that ease of use, usefulness, relative advantage, trust, risk, attitude and cost are influencing factors for mobile payment adoption whereas compatibility was found to have an insignificant effect on merchants’ mobile payment adoption. Attitude is the most influencing factor of the merchant's mobile payment adoption. The study provides a wide-ranging understanding of the factors that affect merchants’ adoption of mobile payment technology in Ethiopia. This can help the service providers to understand merchants’ intentions and make strategy accordingly to ensure financial inclusion. Considering the shortage of literature that currently exists in general about technology adoption, in particular about mobile payment adoption in Ethiopia, the study can be considered as an addition to mobile payment-related literature and can serve as a springboard for future researchers on the topic. Since this study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia further studies may also consider selecting respondents from other areas outside of Addis Ababa, as well as incorporating additional social and cultural beliefs in understanding the affecting factors to adopt mobile payment.
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    A Framework for Human Factors Influence on Information Systems Security at Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-06) Abebe, Girma; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    The importance of protecting information in banks and mitigating security breach is becoming more important than ever. Human factors represent essential issue in information systems security in organizations, since human factors determine the behavior of employees toward information systems security. This thesis researched information systems security countermeasures that are used to reduce internal threat and how employees perceive them and create a human factors model to address human factor gaps in information systems security in commercial banks in Ethiopia. A case study research design was used, since case study research design helps to understand a situation in great depth. Purposive sampling was used by this thesis, since it is recommended for qualitative case researches. The samples were selected based on eligibility criteria that the respondents should have experience and expertise in information systems security and the banking activities. The sample consists of information systems security manager, branch manager, information systems auditor, audit division manager, information systems support officer and front users. For this research both structured and unstructured interviews were used. For data analysis thematic analysis and pattern matching techniques were used. The findings were used to create comprehensive model which can assist in information systems security to secure information. The study investigated the impact of employees behaviour with regard to information systems security. The findings prove that users engaged into risky actions that could make the bank system subject to attack. Employees’ behaviour has been shown in relation to technology interaction, perception and information systems security training. Employees behaviour on human factor in information systems security can be improved by supplying information security training. Information systems security oriented training can address human factor problems in banks by increasing theoretical and practical knowledge of the users. Since information systems has the human element as a fundamental component, information systems security process should include the users.
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    Information Technology Disaster Recovery Plan (Itdrp) Framework for Banks in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 6/6/2020) Tariku, Nigussie; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    IT services and solutions in the banking sector should be protected so as to keep the business continuing in the disastrous scenario. IT DRP ensures the provision of continuous vital business processes at an alternate site in the event of disasters. Motivated by the problem on the ground and the IT DRP framework gap identified by the previous studies in the banking sector, the researcher aimed to develop IT DRP framework for the banks in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian banks should have a mechanism and strategies in place to detect, protect, recover, reduce and avoid the likelihood that its operation will be significantly affected by such a scenario. The purpose of this study is to develop an IT DRP framework that can serve as a quality tool to help the Ethiopian Banks to evaluate their IT DRP or develop one according to their business needs. The study employed a qualitative case study method to investigate current best practices and challenges in Ethiopian government owned and private banks. A purposive sampling was used to select participants from both government owned and private banks in Addis Ababa head office. A face to face and telephone interview was conducted to collect data from both banks. The findings from this study indicated that both Bank A and Bank B do not have IT DRP in place. Both banks are on the IT DRP project initiation stage. It was also found that Bank A has established IT business continuity and disaster recovery department which has not been established in Bank B. Lack of focused group both from IT side and management side, lack of experiences and IT DRP educated personnel in the bank and on the market, lack of training and awareness, no certified IT DRP implementation company in the country, lack of IT DRP standardization in the country, lack of guaranteed telecom infrastructure backbone are some of the challenges identified in this study. Accordingly, IT DRP framework is proposed for Banks of Ethiopia. The framework was confirmed and validated by the area experts in both banks. Recommendations are forwarded and practice and related topics are suggested for future research to extend this work.
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    Information Technology Disaster Recovery Plan (Itdrp) Framework for Banks in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-06) Tariku, Nigussie; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    IT services and solutions in the banking sector should be protected so as to keep the business continuing in the disastrous scenario. IT DRP ensures the provision of continuous vital business processes at an alternate site in the event of disasters. Motivated by the problem on the ground and the IT DRP framework gap identified by the previous studies in the banking sector, the researcher aimed to develop IT DRP framework for the banks in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian banks should have a mechanism and strategies in place to detect, protect, recover, reduce and avoid the likelihood that its operation will be significantly affected by such a scenario. The purpose of this study is to develop an IT DRP framework that can serve as a quality tool to help the Ethiopian Banks to evaluate their IT DRP or develop one according to their business needs. The study employed a qualitative case study method to investigate current best practices and challenges in Ethiopian government owned and private banks. A purposive sampling was used to select participants from both government owned and private banks in Addis Ababa head office. A face to face and telephone interview was conducted to collect data from both banks. The findings from this study indicated that both Bank A and Bank B do not have IT DRP in place. Both banks are on the IT DRP project initiation stage. It was also found that Bank A has established IT business continuity and disaster recovery department which has not been established in Bank B. Lack of focused group both from IT side and management side, lack of experiences and IT DRP educated personnel in the bank and on the market, lack of training and awareness, no certified IT DRP implementation company in the country, lack of IT DRP standardization in the country, lack of guaranteed telecom infrastructure backbone are some of the challenges identified in this study. Accordingly, IT DRP framework is proposed for Banks of Ethiopia. The framework was confirmed and validated by the area experts in both banks. Recommendations are forwarded and practice and related topics are suggested for future research to extend this work.
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    Mapping Stakeholders Conflicts to Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Phases Cases from Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06-16) Sadik, Neima; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Globally, the trend is towards implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. These days several organizations in Ethiopia are also implementing ERP system. Despite the huge investment in ERP systems, the failure rate of ERP projects is high and the situation is too serious in a resource constrained contexts such as in Ethiopia. Extant literature revealed that client-consultant conflict is one of the critical failure factors for ERP projects. However, there is lack of research on the types and sources of client-consultant conflicts. Few prior researches mainly focus on conflict categorization/ taxonomy such as technical and process conflicts and internal and external conflicts. This study aims to identify types and sources of client-consultant conflicts during ERP implementation and map the conflicts to ERP implementation phases. This is a qualitative case study conducted in selected companies in Ethiopia that implemented Microsoft Dynamics NAV ERP. Fifteen CSFs were derived from previous studies and the effect of the absence of these identified CSFs on client-consultant conflicts is conceptualized. The conceptual framework was evaluated through interview with experts. A six-step qualitative data analysis framework by Braun & Clark (2006) is used to identify, analyze, organize, describe, and report patterns within the collected data. The study results show that lack of top management support, project management issues, unbalanced project teams, ineffective communication, lack of skilled resources, resistance to change, undefined functional requirements, inadequate user training, and inadequate vendor support are the main client-consultant conflict types. These conflict types mostly occur on the client side and they are associated with the respective phases of ERP implementation. Some of client-consultant conflicts identified from the literature review were excluded after the investigation. On the other hand, some conflict types are newly identified in addition to the conflict types which are identified from the literature review. This study contributes to ERP literature by providing a better understanding of client-consultant conflicts during ERP implementation. Identifying and understanding the types and sources of client-consultant conflicts with the corresponding ERP implementation phases is important as it can provide a successful implementation.
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    Maturity of Information Systems Security in Selected Private Banks in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06-05) Shimels, Tadele; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    This research examines the Ethiopian private banking industry's information system security maturity level. The study aims to assess the current maturity level and examine the difference in order to make potential improvements. Protecting information system security and minimizing security concerns is more critical than ever before. The banking industry has put investment into the economy in order to help it grow. Despite their critical position in the economy, banks are still vulnerable to failure. Banks, like any other IT infrastructure, could go bankrupt. Unlike any other business entities, though, their failure would have a significant effect on their clients, suppliers, and shareholders, as well as the country's economic stability. This study was carried out using questionnaire survey data collection. As well as the review of documentation and information security policy and guidelines, were performed. The researcher selects four private banks as a sample and distributes a questionnaire. The measurement has conducted based on ISO/IEC 27001, an internationally accepted information security standard. The data obtained from the questionnaire is analysed using descriptive data analysis, and SPSS is used to interpret and present the data. This study assesses the current maturity level of Ethiopia's private banking sector, as well as the strength and weakness of information security maturity level control objectives based on ISO 27001's fourteen security areas. The report also discusses possible improvements that should be implemented in order to achieve the maximum degree of information security maturity. According to the findings of the study, the private banking industry's current maturity level is 2 (repeatable but intuitive). The report helps for a better understanding of information security concerns and recommends for Ethiopian private banks to utilize information security management as a strategically significant component. The findings of the study could also be used by these banks to rearrange their information security management systems.
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    Motivators and Challenges of Social Media Use For Political Communication in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-01-05) Teklehaymanot, Araya; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Extant literature suggests that media play a critical role in improving governance, increasing economic efficiency and stability, and creating positive social and environmental change. Social media is serving as a source for the public media for political news and there by challenging the conventional role reserved for mainstream journalism. The dramatic growth of the popularity of social media sites raised various scholars‟ attention. Extant literature indicates that effective and efficient use of social media is motivated and considered by external factors. This study aims at examining the motivators and challenges of social media use for political communication in Ethiopia. How political parties, government and citizen use social media in Ethiopia as a tool for their political communication. The study employed quantitative methods. For quantitative method, survey was used as a data gathering tool. The survey questionnaire was administered to 300 people selected through convenience sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the quantitative data. The results show that the most signification benefits survey participants perceive of using social media is because of it gives freedom for free expression of political view and opinions. Majority of the respondent use social media for political issues, for change of people life, Discussion about religion, about sport and for entertainment. Facebook is the popular social media sites in Ethiopia with 55.5 %, you tube 18.3% and twitter 16.3 % and other social media with 8.6%. Motivators of social media use for political communication are it gives freedom of expression, it hides personal identity and it expression of multiple opinion. High internet cost, poor quality of information, poor internet connection and blocking of social media are among the challenges. The government is primarily responsible to create the platform to facilitate effective and efficient use of social media in Ethiopia. More importantly a responsible generation shall be built that can use social media responsibly.
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    Readiness Assessment for Implementing E-Voting System in Ethiopia: a Gap Analysis From Supply Side
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-06) Hailu, Mekuria; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    Extant literature revealed that elections conducted in traditional ways mostly result in crises and conflicts. Intending to address such challenges, it has been a few decades since countries have begun using e-voting technology as an electoral system to conduct a transparent election. Countries that used e-voting technology have managed the political, social, and economic instability and crisis that arise from election fraud. However, the application of this new system encountered different challenges due to a lack of readiness to exploit its value, especially in developing countries context. Thus, it is vital to support the electoral system through technology to make the election result credible to citizens and political parties. The readiness of government, citizens, and political parties need to be assessed before using e-voting as an electoral system. The main purpose of this study is to assess the gaps in the readiness of the country for e-voting system implementation. The researcher has employed a qualitative research method to explore the factors that affect the readiness of e-voting technology in Ethiopia. The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and document reviews to identify the gaps. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The finding revealed that the country is not ready in terms of ICT infrastructure, human resources, and legality measures for e-voting technology. There is no adequate ICT infrastructure for e-voting system implementation throughout the country. There is also a lack of qualified human resources, a lack of budget, and the inexistence of legal structure. Finally, recommendations for the readiness of e-voting system implementation were proposed.
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    Technical Factors Affecting Schoolnet Project Implementation in Addis Ababa: Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Kolfe-Keranyo Sub-City
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-03-05) Aklog, Yonas; Lessa, Lemma (PhD)
    SchoolNet is the student-centric educational network that provides equal opportunities for students to get access to the Internet, and the contents and delivery of educational services. Actually, the Ethiopian government has spent a great amount of money since the SchoolNet project is a cross point of two prioritized sectors such as education and ICT. But there are many problems that faced schoolNet project implementation in Ethiopia. The purpose of the study is to investigate the technical factors affecting SchoolNet project Implementation in Kolfe-Keranyo secondary schools in Addis Ababa city administration. In this paper, the major technical factors which affect schoolNet project implementation were identified and put based on the critical level of importance of the project. This research conducted as a qualitative case study on technical factors affecting schoolNet project implementation on four secondary schools of kolfe-keranyo sub-city in Addis Ababa. The data collection methods were face-to-face interview, field note and researchers‘ observation. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis method. The finding of this research shows the infrastructure-related factors and lack of technical expert was the major obstacle on schoolNet project implementation in Kolfe-Keranyo secondary schools. Finally, recommendation for successful solutions for schoolNet project implementations was proposed.