Browsing by Author "Kebede, Girma"

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    An Analysis of ICT Utilization in Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Kebede, Girma; Zerai, Abdissa (PhD)
    This study focused on exploring the utilization of lCT as a strategic communication tool 111 Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). The research specially doweled on mainly email, website and lCT policy utilization. In order to generate a realistic data quantitative and qualitative and research methods were employed. Questionnaires were distributed to 172 respondents who were selected through purposive sampling method. Documents investigation both in email inboxes and file boxes was conducted in selected three departments. In order to triangulate the research qualitatively, 10 key informants were interviewed in depth. The research was informed by system theory and network analysis was employed too. Eventually, the research findings revealed that email versus paper mail is unbalanced in the internal communication of MoFED. The respondents' attitudes towards MoFED website mainly fall on weak and satisfactory ratings. MoFED's lCT policy is known only by 36% of the employees. Moreover, findings revealed expenditure for papers and stationeries has been increasing in millions birr and the strategic goal to make the Ministry paper free environment unachieved. Finally, the study forwarded some recommendation to MoFED's ISAC and Management.
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    Intercultural Relations In Kemisse Town (Oromia Zone) With Reference To Kemisse 01 Primary School
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2008-07) Kebede, Girma; Kenea, Ambisa (PhD)
    The study focused on examining intercultural relations in Kemisse Town (Oromia Zone) with reference to Kemisse 01 Primary School. In order to manage the study within a given time and resources, it was made to focus only in one school i.e. Kemisse 01 primary school. From the various types of diversities only four namely etanic, gerl:der, social class and religious diversities were treated in this study. It employed qualitative ethnographic method. Semi structured interview together with audio recording, observation with photographing and document analysis of some relevant materials were used as data gathering tools. Key informants of Kemisse community, officials, teachers and students of Kemisse Primary School, parents of these students were made to participate in the study. The study disclosed that diversity treatment in the community as well as in the school was not pleasant enough. There is an improvement of intercultural relation in the community over the years, however, still it is not that much pleasant. Intercultural relations among school communities have not been given significant attention. This is partly due to the lack of knowledge and skill in their pre-service and in-service training that enables the teachers and principals of the school to teach and manage properly in a setting where culturally different students learn together and partly due to lack of paying attention by the school to the national and global situation and act in line with it. The relationship between school and the community at present time is not satisfactory. Except gender) the formal curriculum in the school for both ethnic groups is found to be not sufficiently addressing intercultural relations among religions) ethnic groups and social classes. Improvements in such areas are very necessary. Providing a well organized in-service training and revising teacher and school leader training programs and their curriculum to the extent it is interculturalized and enable them equip with the necessary knowledge, skill and attitude demands immediate action
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    Problems in Teaching Large Class Size in Some Selected General Secondary Schools of East Shoa Zone (Oromia Region)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-06) Kebede, Girma; Fanta, Tiiahun
    Th objectiv or this study was to investigate the problems in teaching large class size in som selected General secondary schools of East Shoa Zone, and thereby to forward reCOllllll ndations for the improv ment of the problems that the study end up with. The target population of this study encompasses students, teachers, principals and Wereda educational supervisors. According to East Shoa Zone education office in academic year 200612007 there ar 10 General secondary schools (grade 9-10). Out of th is 30% of them (3schools) were sel cted using simple random sampling techniques. 93 teachers who were engaged in teaching in grade (9-10), 3 school principal 3 school vice-principals and 3 wereda educational supervisors were included in the study by using simple random sampling and available sampling techniques respectively. Out of students' population size by using stratified random sampling technique 100 students were selected for the study. ecessary data were gathered from students, teachers, school principals and Wereda educational supervisors through a series of interview and a set of questionnaire. In addition, a class room observation was conducted for data gatht:ring. The areas of concern were problems in teaching large class size teachers' qualification teaching learning, instructional materials/ facilities, claSSrOO1l1 mallagt:ment and lass size. Some of the major findings include: • 56% of the teachers in sample general secondary s hools (9-10) w re und r qualified to fully manage the subject malt r and in hanciling large class siz . (i . . they are diploma holders); • In sample general s cOlJdary school teachers were still t a hillg in the traditional way using lecture method as dominate method of in truction to tach larg class size '.:vhich is contrary to stud nt centered (active-learning method) .• In all sample schools classrooms are found crowded (70 and abovc student pcrclas ). • There are hortage of text booi's and reference books in all ample chools • In all sampl chools facilities are found low Recommendations for the mentioned points are: • Teachers have to improve largc class size teaching by using peer coaching program in school level. • Teachers have to create a sma1l class size atmosphere in large-class seating. • The ministry of education seeks ways to train more teachers in degree program • The Local authorities (Wereda Administrators, Kebele Administrators and Parent Teachers Association) have to mobilize the Community, on-government Organization and Investors to obtain fund that would enable the schools to over come their problems .
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    Studies on the Interaction of Arthropods, Fungi and Mycotoxin on Stored Maize Grain in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-05) Kebede, Girma; Getu, Emana (Professor)
    In Ethiopia, maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop produced and consumed by the majority of the population. High productivity and adaptability to a wide range of environment made the maize crop one of the national commodity crops to meet the food self-sufficiency program of the country. However, currently food safety issue related to postharvest arthropod infestation and associated problems put this crop under pressure. These studies were designed to know the species composition, frequency of occurrence, and abundance of stored maize grain inhabiting arthropods with particular reference to mold feeder arthropods (Sap beetles, Staphylinids and others) for designing management options for the pest and to understand the effects of their damage on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and Aflatoxin contamination of stored maize grain. The studies were conducted in purposively selected Woreda of Amhara and Oromia region, Ethiopia, from August 2013 to August 2017. Random sampling method was employed for Arthropods survey. Completely Randomized Design was used for sample collection from selected Woreda of the two regions to determine the effects of insect and mold damaged maize cob on status of sap beetles and other mold feeder insects, corn ear rot types, development of detection methods for sap beetles and Staphylinids and best detection time, and the effects of arthropods on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and Aflatoxin contamination. LC/MS/MS method was used to detect aflatoxin contamination in stored maize grain. It was known from the results obtained that 81 arthropods; belonging to class Insecta (87.65%), Arachnida (8.64%), and Crustaceans (3.70%) were identified. In all selected Woreda from both regions and in both years, Sitophilus spp., and Sitotroga cerealella from grain feeders; Nitidulidae spp., Mycetophagidae spp., and Drosophillidae spp., from mold feeders; Lepinotus from psocids; Tyrophagus putrescentiae from mites; Staphylinidae spp., and Dactylosternum abdominal from natural enemies associated with mold feeder arthropods and parasitic Hymenoptera from natural enemies associated with grain and grain product feeders were found to be the most frequently and abundantly encountered arthropods. In the current study, 27 species were recorded for the first time as occurring in Ethiopia. In the study on status of sap beetles and other mold feeder arthropods on pre-harvest maize cob damage types, 19 species of mold feeder arthropod occurred in association with insect and mold damaged cobs. However, only Carpophilus sp., Brachypeplus sp., Litargus balteatus LeConte, Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.), Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), and Entomobrya spp., appeared in more than 30% of insect and mold damaged cobs. Occurrence of corn ear rot types per 120 mold damaged cobs varied significantly vi (P0.05). In both regions (years), abundance of selected sap beetles and other mold feeder insects were significantly higher on insect and mold damaged cob than undamaged cob (P0.05). Moreover, in both regions (years), the mean number of selected sap beetles and other mold feeder insect per insect and mold damaged cobs were significantly (P0.05) higher for Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) and Litargus balteatus LeConte than Carpophillus dimidiatus, Typhae stercorea and Brachypeplus spp. More than four species were detected from each of the sap beetles and staphylinids using fermented maize cob and maize cob treated with fruit juice, in the study on how to detect these insect in stored maize grain ecosystem. Carpophillus hemipterus (100%, 42.11%) and Brachypeplus spp., (100%, 34.75%) were found to be the two most frequently and abundantly detected sap beetles during this experiment. Among the four identified genera of staphylinids, Atheta spp., were found to be the most frequently and abundantly detected genera (92.5%, 15.64%). Total mean number of Carpophilus hemipterus and Brachypeplus spp., per trap captured indicated that fermented maize cob and fermented banana juice mixed with fermented pineapple juice were significantly (P0.05) more effective than fermented banana and pineapple juice in detecting these insects. However, no significant difference (P˃0.05) was observed among these attractant in detecting staphylinids. Significantly (P0.05), more Carpophillus hemipterus was detected in the first two weeks. However, significantly (P0.05) more Brachypeplus spp., and Staphylinids were detected in the last two weeks. The result obtained from the effects of insects on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination in stored maize indicated that the incidence of potentially toxigenic fungi and aflatoxin contamination were significantly (P0.05) higher on insect damaged maize kernels than undamaged maize kernels and mold feeder arthropods than grain feeder arthropods (P0.05). The mean number of arthropods, grain temperature and moisture content and number of arthropod and mold damaged maize kernels were significantly (P0.05) higher on untreated seeds than Malathion treated seeds. Pearson correlation showed significant (P0.05) positive correlation between arthropod infestation and grain temperature and moisture content and number of arthropod and mold damaged maize kernels in stored maize grain. The present study concluded that the role of arthropod infestation in stored maize grain ecosystem. The role of arthropod in stored maize ecosystem include, exposing maize kernels to potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection, providing suitable condition for the growth of fungi and vectoring fungal spores in stored maize. The present study also concluded that condition of stored grain could determine species composition of arthropods in stored maize grain ecosystem.
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    Studies on the Interaction of Arthropods, Fungi and Mycotoxin on Stored Maize Grain in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-05) Kebede, Girma; Getu, Emana (Professor)
    In Ethiopia, maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop produced and consumed by the majority of the population. High productivity and adaptability to a wide range of environment made the maize crop one of the national commodity crops to meet the food self-sufficiency program of the country. However, currently food safety issue related to postharvest arthropod infestation and associated problems put this crop under pressure. These studies were designed to know the species composition, frequency of occurrence, and abundance of stored maize grain inhabiting arthropods with particular reference to mold feeder arthropods (Sap beetles, Staphylinids and others) for designing management options for the pest and to understand the effects of their damage on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and Aflatoxin contamination of stored maize grain. The studies were conducted in purposively selected Woreda of Amhara and Oromia region, Ethiopia, from August 2013 to August 2017. Random sampling method was employed for Arthropods survey. Completely Randomized Design was used for sample collection from selected Woreda of the two regions to determine the effects of insect and mold damaged maize cob on status of sap beetles and other mold feeder insects, corn ear rot types, development of detection methods for sap beetles and Staphylinids and best detection time, and the effects of arthropods on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and Aflatoxin contamination. LC/MS/MS method was used to detect aflatoxin contamination in stored maize grain. It was known from the results obtained that 81 arthropods; belonging to class Insecta (87.65%), Arachnida (8.64%), and Crustaceans (3.70%) were identified. In all selected Woreda from both regions and in both years, Sitophilus spp., and Sitotroga cerealella from grain feeders; Nitidulidae spp., Mycetophagidae spp., and Drosophillidae spp., from mold feeders; Lepinotus from psocids; Tyrophagus putrescentiae from mites; Staphylinidae spp., and Dactylosternum abdominal from natural enemies associated with mold feeder arthropods and parasitic Hymenoptera from natural enemies associated with grain and grain product feeders were found to be the most frequently and abundantly encountered arthropods. In the current study, 27 species were recorded for the first time as occurring in Ethiopia. In the study on status of sap beetles and other mold feeder arthropods on pre-harvest maize cob damage types, 19 species of mold feeder arthropod occurred in association with insect and mold damaged cobs. However, only Carpophilus sp., Brachypeplus sp., Litargus balteatus LeConte, Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.), Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), and Entomobrya spp., appeared in more than 30% of insect and mold damaged cobs. Occurrence of corn ear rot types per 120 mold damaged cobs varied significantly vi (P0.05). In both regions (years), abundance of selected sap beetles and other mold feeder insects were significantly higher on insect and mold damaged cob than undamaged cob (P0.05). Moreover, in both regions (years), the mean number of selected sap beetles and other mold feeder insect per insect and mold damaged cobs were significantly (P0.05) higher for Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) and Litargus balteatus LeConte than Carpophillus dimidiatus, Typhae stercorea and Brachypeplus spp. More than four species were detected from each of the sap beetles and staphylinids using fermented maize cob and maize cob treated with fruit juice, in the study on how to detect these insect in stored maize grain ecosystem. Carpophillus hemipterus (100%, 42.11%) and Brachypeplus spp., (100%, 34.75%) were found to be the two most frequently and abundantly detected sap beetles during this experiment. Among the four identified genera of staphylinids, Atheta spp., were found to be the most frequently and abundantly detected genera (92.5%, 15.64%). Total mean number of Carpophilus hemipterus and Brachypeplus spp., per trap captured indicated that fermented maize cob and fermented banana juice mixed with fermented pineapple juice were significantly (P0.05) more effective than fermented banana and pineapple juice in detecting these insects. However, no significant difference (P˃0.05) was observed among these attractant in detecting staphylinids. Significantly (P0.05), more Carpophillus hemipterus was detected in the first two weeks. However, significantly (P0.05) more Brachypeplus spp., and Staphylinids were detected in the last two weeks. The result obtained from the effects of insects on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination in stored maize indicated that the incidence of potentially toxigenic fungi and aflatoxin contamination were significantly (P0.05) higher on insect damaged maize kernels than undamaged maize kernels and mold feeder arthropods than grain feeder arthropods (P0.05). The mean number of arthropods, grain temperature and moisture content and number of arthropod and mold damaged maize kernels were significantly (P0.05) higher on untreated seeds than Malathion treated seeds. Pearson correlation showed significant (P0.05) positive correlation between arthropod infestation and grain temperature and moisture content and number of arthropod and mold damaged maize kernels in stored maize grain. The present study concluded that the role of arthropod infestation in stored maize grain ecosystem. The role of arthropod in stored maize ecosystem include, exposing maize kernels to potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection, providing suitable condition for the growth of fungi and vectoring fungal spores in stored maize. The present study also concluded that condition of stored grain could determine species composition of arthropods in stored maize grain ecosystem.
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    Studies on the Interaction of Arthropods, Fungi and Mycotoxin on Stored Maize Grain in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-05) Kebede, Girma; Getu, Emana (Professor)
    In Ethiopia, maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop produced and consumed by the majority of the population. High productivity and adaptability to a wide range of environment made the maize crop one of the national commodity crops to meet the food self-sufficiency program of the country. However, currently food safety issue related to postharvest arthropod infestation and associated problems put this crop under pressure. These studies were designed to know the species composition, frequency of occurrence, and abundance of stored maize grain inhabiting arthropods with particular reference to mold feeder arthropods (Sap beetles, Staphylinids and others) for designing management options for the pest and to understand the effects of their damage on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and Aflatoxin contamination of stored maize grain. The studies were conducted in purposively selected Woreda of Amhara and Oromia region, Ethiopia, from August 2013 to August 2017. Random sampling method was employed for Arthropods survey. Completely Randomized Design was used for sample collection from selected Woreda of the two regions to determine the effects of insect and mold damaged maize cob on status of sap beetles and other mold feeder insects, corn ear rot types, development of detection methods for sap beetles and Staphylinids and best detection time, and the effects of arthropods on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and Aflatoxin contamination. LC/MS/MS method was used to detect aflatoxin contamination in stored maize grain. It was known from the results obtained that 81 arthropods; belonging to class Insecta (87.65%), Arachnida (8.64%), and Crustaceans (3.70%) were identified. In all selected Woreda from both regions and in both years, Sitophilus spp., and Sitotroga cerealella from grain feeders; Nitidulidae spp., Mycetophagidae spp., and Drosophillidae spp., from mold feeders; Lepinotus from psocids; Tyrophagus putrescentiae from mites; Staphylinidae spp., and Dactylosternum abdominal from natural enemies associated with mold feeder arthropods and parasitic Hymenoptera from natural enemies associated with grain and grain product feeders were found to be the most frequently and abundantly encountered arthropods. In the current study, 27 species were recorded for the first time as occurring in Ethiopia. In the study on status of sap beetles and other mold feeder arthropods on pre-harvest maize cob damage types, 19 species of mold feeder arthropod occurred in association with insect and mold damaged cobs. However, only Carpophilus sp., Brachypeplus sp., Litargus balteatus LeConte, Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.), Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), and Entomobrya spp., appeared in more than 30% of insect and mold damaged cobs. Occurrence of corn ear rot types per 120 mold damaged cobs varied significantly vi (P0.05). In both regions (years), abundance of selected sap beetles and other mold feeder insects were significantly higher on insect and mold damaged cob than undamaged cob (P0.05). Moreover, in both regions (years), the mean number of selected sap beetles and other mold feeder insect per insect and mold damaged cobs were significantly (P0.05) higher for Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) and Litargus balteatus LeConte than Carpophillus dimidiatus, Typhae stercorea and Brachypeplus spp. More than four species were detected from each of the sap beetles and staphylinids using fermented maize cob and maize cob treated with fruit juice, in the study on how to detect these insect in stored maize grain ecosystem. Carpophillus hemipterus (100%, 42.11%) and Brachypeplus spp., (100%, 34.75%) were found to be the two most frequently and abundantly detected sap beetles during this experiment. Among the four identified genera of staphylinids, Atheta spp., were found to be the most frequently and abundantly detected genera (92.5%, 15.64%). Total mean number of Carpophilus hemipterus and Brachypeplus spp., per trap captured indicated that fermented maize cob and fermented banana juice mixed with fermented pineapple juice were significantly (P0.05) more effective than fermented banana and pineapple juice in detecting these insects. However, no significant difference (P˃0.05) was observed among these attractant in detecting staphylinids. Significantly (P0.05), more Carpophillus hemipterus was detected in the first two weeks. However, significantly (P0.05) more Brachypeplus spp., and Staphylinids were detected in the last two weeks. The result obtained from the effects of insects on potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination in stored maize indicated that the incidence of potentially toxigenic fungi and aflatoxin contamination were significantly (P0.05) higher on insect damaged maize kernels than undamaged maize kernels and mold feeder arthropods than grain feeder arthropods (P0.05). The mean number of arthropods, grain temperature and moisture content and number of arthropod and mold damaged maize kernels were significantly (P0.05) higher on untreated seeds than Malathion treated seeds. Pearson correlation showed significant (P0.05) positive correlation between arthropod infestation and grain temperature and moisture content and number of arthropod and mold damaged maize kernels in stored maize grain. The present study concluded that the role of arthropod infestation in stored maize grain ecosystem. The role of arthropod in stored maize ecosystem include, exposing maize kernels to potentially mycotoxin producing fungal infection, providing suitable condition for the growth of fungi and vectoring fungal spores in stored maize. The present study also concluded that condition of stored grain could determine species composition of arthropods in stored maize grain ecosystem.