Browsing by Author "Hagos, Belay (PhD)"

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    Achievements and Challenges of People with Physical Disabilities in Employment Opportunities; the Case of Trainees of Mekelle TVET Center.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-02) Mezgebe, Haile; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    The purpose of this study is to assess challenge and achievement of people with physical disabilities in employment opportunities after technical and vocational training in Mekelle town TVET center. Descriptive research method was employed. Such tools as questionnaire, interview guide and document were used. Primwy sources like people with physical disabilities, principals and teachers, strategic plan, minutes of meetings, reports, portfolios, stakeholder involvement records and TVET center standards were utilized. Furthermore, secondary sources lilce microfinance officers and employers were also included. Participants were identified through the use of random sampling and samples were drawn among the trained people with physical disabilities, trainers (teachers and principals) and micro finance officers and employers. And, descriptive statistical tools were employed to compute and generate frequencies and percentages for data collected through questionnaire. Narration was also made to summarize about data collected through semi structured interview and document review. The following were major findings: 32 (40%) were not engaged in a job directly relevant to their training. 68 (85%) of respondents were self employed. 50 (62.5%) and 22(10%) of respondents earned low monthly income. 68 (85%) of respondents did not use the credit services. Fear of failure the reason for not talcing credit service which was additional hindering factor. 12(15%) of people with physical disability were served from a single credit source. The training center was established to serve for 60 trainees but currently serving for over 200 which is out of the standard. Relatively there was fair training duration. The majority of people with physical disabilities have lower educational status. Most of people with physical disabilities were denied their right to job opportunity when compared with the able ones. Majorities of p e.)ple with physical disability have no fair access to employment opportunity in government institutions and were suffering from prejudice. They did not benefit from immediate job opportunity and were not engaged in a job directly relevant to their training. Individual credit service was less attention area. Absence of legal support, negligence on the part of officials, and absence of interest on the part of beneficiaries and fear of high amount of interest were major reasons not to take credit services. Relevant stakeholders are required to give employment opportunity. They should also work to raise the awareness towards people with physical disabilities and create support system that facilitates employment of persons with disabilities.
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    The Assessment of Ethiopian Sign Language Educational Interpreters among Teachers In five Regional States of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Girmay, Ruth; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    Sign language is a formal language, socially agreed on, rule –governed symbol system that is generative in nature. The components of sign language are not phonemic (sound) combinations that movement at form words, at spoken language, but rather phonological combinations (i.e. hand shapes, form signs (Mccanally, 1994). The main purpose of this study is to assess the Ethiopian sign language using for the teaching purposes in five regional states of Ethiopia. In order to meet this purpose 31, respondents selected based on judgment sampling. The required data were collected through interviews, videotape, and classroom observation and text analysis. The result of the study was analyzed qualitatively. The result of the study shows that the hearing-impaired students and their teachers seem to fail to establish common understanding because of lack of sign language for technical and scientific environmental science and chemistry terminologies. Lack of adequate skills on sign language on the part of the teachers as well as deaf students and sign language interpreter‟s complexity and uniformity of sign language used by most of the hearing-impaired students in five regional states of Ethiopia. As indicated by this research, there is wide variation from region to region in the use of Ethiopian sign language in environmental science and grade 11 chemistry subjects. Failure communication exists among students and, more over, between students and teachers. The Sign language variations are also seen among teachers, interpreters, and students. Finally : the study recommends continuous training of sign language for teachers and interpreters, Laboratory and resources should be available at high school and university levels, encourage creating new sign and experience sharing , prepare sign language dictionary in different subjects and further researcher must be done
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    An assessment of the Instructional Strategies of Teachers used to teach Children with Autism; the case of some Schools in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-11) Assefa, Alem; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    This study attempts to assess the instructional strategies ofteachers who teach children with autism in Addis Ababa. Recent years in Ethiopia, professionals most agree that the issue deserves attention, there are no clear consensuses reached around how to respond to the issue.This both qualitative and quantitative study focuses onthreeschools and one treatment center of autism and related disorders.Namely, LebawiAcademy, Champion Academy, Mekane-EyesusEvangelical Church mentally challenged school and AbrhotAutism and related disorders treatment center. This study is conducted to examine issues related to instructional strategies of teachers who teach children with autismthat aimed to assessthe criteria of screening and assessment, the preparation of individual educational plan, to explore locally introduced/adopted instructional strategy and successful practices, the qualification of teachers and the contribution of the school principals.Data was collected through fivesemi-structured interviewsadministered for nine administrators, who work with target population andclose-ended questionnaires were distributed to 32 teachers who teach children with autism.Secondary data was collected through document analysis inthree schools and one-center. In addition to this.Paradigm aligns with open coding were used to analyze codes in the data and recorded common five major themes from the collected data. Scrutinizes according to its specific nature through using multiple data collection methods to enrich the findingsof this studyanswered the research question the current practices of instructional strategies. The findings of this study showed that,the practical skills of instructional strategiesvary among teachers and schools. Most of instructional strategies practices were not an effective way and teachers practice poor instructional strategies and below the standard and alsothere is no helpful locally introduced or modified instructional strategies while teaching/trend to enhance the skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.The study concludes that engagingin this profession, which necessitates improvement at individual capacity, institutional and structural levels. The researcher recommend that further research should be conducted to realize quality education/intervention in the area related to the differentfeatures of instructional strategies/intervention of students with autism.
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    Autism care and treatment: Services, challenges and promising practices in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Legesse, Cleopatra; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    Autistic syndrome disorder is being revealed as one of the major problems in Ethiopia in recent years. Nia Foundation Joy Center and Nehemiah autism center are the major actors in the provision of support for children with Autistic syndrome disorder and their families. This study was conducted to assess autism care and treatment service provision practice of existing service providers in light of widely recommended practices and evidence based programming in Ethiopia. The study adopted a cross sectional descriptive study involving 42 people selected purposively from teachers, professionals, parents and the centers management body. The research was qualitative in nature. The findings of the study revealed that the service packages of the organizations are giving training on the area of autism and treating Autistic children. The centers also provide counseling and training services to parents and family members including skill trainings. However, the services are primarily limited to awareness creation and consultation on major issue based on the initiation from the parents/caregiver. The services are guided by the individual knowledge and experience of the program managers rather than via a standardized manuals, guidelines and curriculum. The physical environment of the centers is good but very limited in terms of technology application and space adequacy. Demonstration, positive reinforcement and use of tangible things in teaching the children were found to be effective. The programs of both centers fail to be inclusive in the sense of facilitating interaction with nondisabled children. Lack of a supportive environment, low level of public awareness about the issue, absence of well proven effective remedies to autism, shortage of knowledgeable and skilled human resource were indicated to be major challenges. Increasing public awareness and advocacy for expansion of service and academic institutions training program, enhancing the involvement of spiritual leaders, leveraging with other actors via partnership and collaboration were suggested for improved impact. Besides, strengthening the review, monitoring and evaluation of the interventions are recommended to come up with evidence based programming.
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    Beliefs and Practices of the Nuer Community Towards “Mokism” and Monorchidism in Wanthoaar Woreda and Itang Special Woreda, Gambella Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Paul, Jal; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    This study was conducted in Nuer community in Itang special woreda and Wanthoaar woreda, Gambella region on “Beliefs and Practices of the Nuer Community towards “Mokism” and Monorchidism”. The study has used qualitative method with purposive and snowball techniques to collect relevant data. The tools used for data collection were semi-structured and unstructured interview with opened-ended questions. Study respondents were 28 (M = 23, F = 5); meaning, 4 community elders, 2 traditional healers, 1 lord of the land, 2 youth with inborn monorchidism, 1 non-disabled youth, 8 religious leaders, and 10 health professionals. The main objective of this study was to explore traditional beliefs about the community thinks causes inborn “Mokism”, Monorchidism, and Acquired Monorchidism as well as the applied cultural practices towards persons with these mentioned conditions in the Nuer community. Results obtained from respondents on traditional beliefs about the causes of both inborn “mokism” and monorchidism have fallen under three major sources of beliefs about disability in general: Traditional animalism, Christianity fatalism, and Medical determinism, respectively. Eighteen respondents on “mokism” followed by ten 10 respondents on monorchidism, have said that both inborn conditions are caused by “cultural-related factors” (traditional animalism), followed by medical determinism with 12 & 6 respondents for inborn monorchidism and “mokism”, respectively, and finally, Christian fatalism with 6 & 4 respondents for inborn monorchidism and “mokism” respectively). Study results (findings) have been analyzed using descriptive/narrative method. In general, study results have shown that traditonal beliefs about the causes of inborn disabilities are still predominant in the Nuer community. Though explanations on the causes of inborn conditions differ considerably, the results indicated that Nuer community believes their victims “possess” evil spirits, supernatural powers, and killing spirits/powers that can hurt or possibly kill non-disabled community members. In addition, the results have shown that the community has “unique” traditional healing rituals for both inborn victims performed by local traditional healers and lords of the land (leopard skin chiefs) on the one hand, and “simple” to “serious” harmful cultural practices such as “Extermination of Victims”, on the other. According to the study results, most of harmful cultural practices performed on the victims of inborn disabilities directly stemmed from the prevalent negative traditional perceptions and beliefs towards them on the account that the victims possess “perceieved” evil or killing spirits and, supernatural powers
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    The effect of creative art therapy on social skills of children with Autism The case of Nehmiah Autistic center in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-01) wolde, Wondimu; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    In recent years, support centers for autism and professionals have expressed alarm about the growing problem of autism in Ethiopia. While most agree that the issue deserves attention, there are no clear consensuses reached around how to respond to the problem. This research examined one approach to enhance social skills of children with autism: creative art therapy. The researcher has carried out experiment on the effectiveness of creative art therapy and suggested the need for inclusive solutions that combines social and behavioral approaches to this complex problem and developed the treatment package in social skills and implemented the treatment package for three months. The recorded outcome variables on social skills include; eye contact, turn taking, imitation, recognizing self, following instruction and engaging in social interaction. To study this experiment multiple-single subject experimental design is used. The literature reviewed has all supported the idea that creative art therapy could be used to help children with autism in developing their social skills. A study was then conducted in which a group of six students with Autism engaged in creative art therapy activities and their social skill development were tracked, supporting the idea that creative art therapy can be used to help these students. The finding answered the research hypothesis: creative art interventions have a positive effect on eye contact, turn taking, imitation, recognizing self, following instruction and engaging in social interaction the results indicate that by engaging a child with autism in creative art therapy intervention was an effective way to improving the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. Based on the findings of this study, creative art therapy could be used to enhance the social and communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder
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    Factors Contributing to Grade One Dropout including Children with Special Needs and Disabilities in Some Selected Primary Schools in Hawassa City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Alemayehu, Wondimu; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    The intention of this study was to examine factors that contributed to grade one dropout in some selected primary schools in Hawassa city administration.It used descriptive survey research method.Data were collected from teachers,pricipals and dropout returnees using questionnarie and interview.Teachers teaching in grade one in sampled primary schools were subject of questionnarie and principals and dropout returnees were subject of interview.Fifty teachers,five principals and ten dropout returnees were participated in this study.Teachers,subjects of questionnarie,were selected by using purposive sampling by which five teachers from each sampled schools teaching in grade one totally fifty were included in the study.Five principals were selected by using random sampling and ten dropout returnees,one dropout returnee from each sampled ten schools, were also purposefully selected for interview.Qualitative data obtained through interview from school pricipals and dropout returnees were analyzed with themes and catagories.Where as quantitative data obtained from teachers through questionnarie were analyzed using percentage.The outcome of the study showed that three major school related factors contributed to grade one students’ dropout in the study area.These were:inappropriate language of instruction,overcrowded class and exclusivenesss of the school. Likewise,lack of families follow up, families low level of income,work load,childrens involvement in income generating activities were among major out of the school factors that contributed to grade one students’ dropout.Besides,qualitative analysis depicted that factors related to the issue of special needs and disabilities were found having considerable effect on children with special needs and disabilities to dropout.Witnessing this,two case stories,one related with a female child having multiple disabilities and one male child having serious behavioral problem who dropout from the school were developed.Factors related to families low level of income,workload,divorce,language of instruction and health problems were found major factors that paved the way for dropout returnees to dropout.Based on these findings of the study recommendations were made at the end.
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    Good Practices and Challenges of Special Needs Education Itinerant Teachers in Addis Ababa Special and Mainstream Schools
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-10) Sewagegn, Abraraw; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    This study was conducted to assess the good practices and challenges of itinerant teachers in the mainstream primary schools with Special Need Education Resource Centers in Addis Ababa city. This descriptive research design used both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. Data were collected through structured questionnaire distributed to 34 purposively selected respondents. Additionally, 15 key informant interviews were conducted with the itinerant teachers, school principals and Special Needs Education experts, and also secondary data were collected from various sources. The technique used to analyze the quantitative data was frequency and percentage using SPSS version 20. The major findings indicated that the itinerant teachers program in Ethiopia particularly in Addis Ababa city has good practices as well as challenges. The good practices identified in this study are; there is the support system established at selected special and primary mainstream schools with resource centers. Thus, children with disabilities are benefiting from the support of itinerant teachers and the Resource Centers (RCs). On the contrary, there are challenges that itinerant teachers are facing in the course of their work. Among them, lack of boundaries between the job descriptions of the itinerant teacher and other support specialists, absence of standard screening, assessment and identification tools are the majors. Due to these and other reasons many children remain unsupported from the school support systems. The study also revealed that there is not only shortage of services, materials and necessary equipment in these resource centers but also the available materials in the RCs are not being used by the class teachers due to lack of coordination awareness and other factors.
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    Good Practices and Challenges of Technical Vocational Education and Training Institutions in supporting Students with Disabilities in Gambella Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Gedamu, Melaku; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    Persons with disabilities experiences good practices and also do not equally and fully participated due to different obstacles in the education of TVET colleges of Gambella Regional State.For this research four TVET institutions, two from Government and two from faith based were selected because of they were the only available and accessible in the Region and also to Students with Disabilities (SWDs). Purposively sampling of sixteen students four from each TVET college were drown and from these eight students were students with physical disabilities while the remaining were without disabilities. In addition to this using the same design eighteen trainers, four TVET principals and one regional TVET bureau head office manager were selected .Data were collected using unstructured face to face interviews, focuses group discussions and observations of check list. Data categorizing and organization of major emerging themes and sub themes was done. After repeated reviewing of the data, themes were identified. These were-Good practices and Challenges of TVET institutions in supporting SWDs and policy practices and gaps in TVET institutions for educations of SWDs of Gambella Regional State .The findings revealed and identified that presence of good practices in TVET institutions for SWDs. On the contrary there were different challenges and also policy practice and gaps during implementations of TVET skills for SWDs as the result of being students with physical disabilities and obstacles leaded them to develop several problems because of unable to access and addressed the needs of SWDs in all the given TVET institutions of the research.
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    Knowledge, Attitude, and Classroom Practices of Regular Class Teachers in Including Students With Intellectual Disability In to Regular Classes of Primary Schools in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Abebe, Dagnachew; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    This study was undertaken to examine the knowledge, allitude, and classroom practices of regular class teachers of primmy schools in Addis Ababa related to inclusion of students with intellectual disability into the regular classroom. 771e study covered all primOly schools found in Addis Ababa that included students with intellectual disability in their regular classrooms. The total sample population of this study was 63 (n=63) regular class teachers. To collect the needed data ji-om the subjects considered in this study, a questionnaire, interview guide, and observation checklist were administered Results of the data analyses indicated that the participants af this study lack sufficient knowledge; held positil'e alliludes and their classroom practices were identified as inefficient. Comparisons made between reopondents of this survey on different teachers' variables indicateel thel/ oifly on some of the comparisons made statisticall)r signijicant differences were observed. The correlations made between different variables in this study showed that there were positive relationships between the variables if not stronx relationships. Finally, .findings suggest that appropriate trainings .Ipecific to the leaching a/students with me mal retardation in regular classrooms should be providedfor rexulCll' class teachers that included pupils with the disability in their classrooms. 1n add/lion. strong cooperation should be maintained between the regular class teachers and opecial needs education teachers in the schools in order to facilitate jiJr belle I' learning 0/ students wilh the disability in regular classrooms.
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    Parents’ involvement in improving self- help skills of children with autistism: joy center of NIA Foundation for children with autism in focus
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Weretu, Eliyam; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    In Ethiopia there are only three centers for children with autism, all are found in Addis Ababa. In this study the researcher focused on parents of Joy center of Nia foundation for children with autism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existing and real practice of Parents’ and teachers’ involvement on improving Self-help skills of children with autism, at Joy center- Nia foundation. In order to achieve the objective, the researcher had employed a qualitative research approach namely, case study method. The participants of the study was nine parents of children with autism, two teachers and one care giver were selected from the targeted center for interview and focus group discussion questions. The methods of data collection were semi- structured interview, focused group discussion, anecdotal observation and document review. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that lack of parental involvement is detriment to the child’s development and progress within an early intervention program. The findings also revealed that Joy Autism center for children with autism is supporting parents of children with autism to maximizing the implementation of self- help skills of children with autism by involving them in different awareness creation programs, helping their children to develop self -help skills, giving periodic and updated information regarding autism, providing economical support, creating job opportunity for those economically weak, providing free lunch service, providing school bus and giving them monthly training on the area of autism and self-help skills. The finding also disclosed that some parents did not involve themselves in their child’s program and this affected their skills to support children with autism, their children also manifest low self-help skills on their environment, and showed only minimal developmental progress. The study recommended that parents and school management needs to work together to meet the same goal, that is to improve the specific problem of the child both at home and school. It would be better if integrated activities between the parent and the school implemented to alleviate the problems of CWA
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    The Perception of the Practices Rehabilitating Juvenile Delinquents: the Case of Lideta Juvenile Delinquents Correctional Institution
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Taye, Zemede; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    This study focuses on young delinquents with maladjusted behavior and tries to assess the process of their rehabilitation in a correctional center in the sub city of Lideta, Addis Ataba. The population of delinquents chosen for the study are 58, currently undergoing rehabilitation therapy at the center. Instruments employed for data collection are questionnaires, administered to 58 individuals. This comprises the main source of the data. Interviews with 3 workers of the center and 3 parents of the children, case studies of three children, group discussion and observation by the researcher were also used. Investigation of the life of the young delinquents before coming in conflict with the law shows a clear similarity between the participants in regard to level of income of the parent~ and low level of formal education of families who can only read or write .Moreover, they have very often gone through ordeals of harsh and unfair treatment by their own parents or care takers. The information gathered from delinquents, workers and parents show that there has been improvement in the behavior of the children. The parents' assessment of their children was on approximately 50% success rate. All three workers likewise rated the achievement of the children as positive. What is very remarkable about the performance of the center is that, in spite of serious deficiencies like disproportionately small number of unqualified workers, inadequate educational facilities and workshops not fully equipped for their purpose and shortage of financial resources, . it has been able to emerge with positive results. In view of the above, it not difficult to predict a much higher rate of success if the barriers were lifted
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    Push & Pull Factors of Students Exposed to Drug Abuse & Its Consequences ; A Case Study of Yakutat 12 Preparatory School Gulele Sub City Addis Ababa, City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Dessie, Kassaitu; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    The main purpose of this study was to assess the push and pull factors of drug abuse and its consequences on students of Yekatit 12 Preparatory School in Gullele Subcity, Woreda 2 Addis Ababa. Three research questions were addressed to meet the main purpose of the research; push and pull factors, the effects of drugs (on psychological well-being, social relations, health, teaching and learning etc.,) the roles of woreda, and sub city administration, and finally the study identified possible solutions. Mixed research methods were employed. Simple random sampling & representative sampling techniques were used. Instruments questionnaire, focus group discussion and interview were used to gather data. The major findings of the study showed that chat, shisha and cigarette were the main commonly consumed drugs by the students. Students faced different problems due to their drug abuse behavior which had negative impact on their education directly or indirectly. Therefore, platforms need to be arranged where parents, teachers and peers should jointly deal with this issue. It also needs designing relevant projects to formally respond to the problem. Further laws should be in place or existing once need to be amended to control the drug abuse and to create a drug free school environment; raise awareness, about the nature and consequences of drug abuse through health and school media, recreational facilities of youth centers. There also need Individual and group counseling sessions on drug abuse, campaigns on drug abuse and further research should be conducted and disseminated for informed decisions by concerned bodies.