Browsing by Author "Gizaw Solomon"

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    Assessment of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Diabetic Nephropathy
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-11) Zewude Mesfin; Genet Solomon ; Gizaw Solomon ; Gnanasekaran Netsan
    Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus manifested as increased albumin in urine excretion. Total leucocyte count is a crude, but a sensitive indicator of inflammation and studied in many non-communicable diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and cancer as index of inflammation. In this study, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was evaluated between T2DM patients with and without DN. Objective: To assess the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as an inflammatory marker among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare NLR between type 2 diabetic patients with and without DN at Bole 17 Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from October 15, 2019 to April14, 2020. Convenient sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. The data was entered in to Epi-data statistical software version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS software version 22.0 for analysis. Simple descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and percentages were used to present socio-demographic characteristics and magnitude of patients with DN, without DN and NLR ratio. Appropriate statistical tests, including student t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation were done to analyze the statistical data. The p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 199 DM patients, 22.6% and 77.4% were found with diabetic nephropathy (albumin positive) and without diabetic nephropathy (albumin negative), respectively. Interestingly, the mean NLR value (2.66±0.49) was found higher in diabetic patients with DN compared to the mean NLR (1.65±0.20) of diabetes patients without Conclusion: The NLR was significantly increased in T2DM patients with DN, suggesting that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction could be an integral part in the pathogenesis of DN, and NLR may be considered as a predictor and a prognostic biomarker of DN. Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, inflammatory biomarker, Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
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    Comparative Study of Lipid Profile and Hematologic Parameters among Regular and First-Time Blood Donors at National Blood Bank Service of Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-12) Hasano Abbul; Gizaw Solomon ; Gnanasekaren Natesan
    Background: There is a shortage of blood in the blood banks due to limited donation. By and large, it is widely believed that blood donation has multiple health benefits. However, there are limited studies that support health benefits; As a result, assessing the lipid profile and hematologic parameters of the regular blood donors is an indispensable to evaluate an individual’s risk for chronic inflammation. Objective: We strived to compare lipid and haematological profiles of the regular and first time blood donors in the National Blood Bank Service of Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was involved 104 samples (52 each of regular and first-time donors). Anthropometric parameters of donors measured and Blood was drawn from each participants for hematologic and lipid profile determination. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, Chi-square (χ²) was used to compare the relationship between categorical variables and independent t-test was used to compare the mean of the two groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean total cholesterol, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c ratios were significantly lower in the regular blood donors than the first-time donors. Even though the level of HDL-c was higher in regular blood donors compared to first-time blood donors, it was not statistically significant. The mean of some hematologic parameters like a platelet, RDW, lymphocyte, and MCH were significantly lower in regular blood donors than first-time blood donors. BMI and WHR in regular donor were less than the first time donors, albeit statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Interestingly, blood donation has a significant health benefit by lowering TC, TG and LDL-c that have a potential risk for developing chronic inflammation. Key word: Blood donation, lipid profile, hematologic parameters, National Blood Bank Service of Ethiopia, and chronic inflammation.
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    Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Marker in Patients with Gastric Helicobacter Pylori Infection
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Baye Gelagey; Menon Menakath ; Gizaw Solomon
    Introduction: H. pylori are gram-negative, microaerophilic helical-shaped bacteria with multiple flagella and commonly exist in the stomach. This infection may cause significant mucosal inflammation and damage, leading to ulcers in the stomach. It can also affect organ systems external to the gastrointestinal tract. To assess cardiovascular risk factors and to predict cardiovascular disorders, we are evaluating and comparing lipid profile and hs-CRP levels between H. pylori-positive and negative patients. Objectives: To evaluate lipid profile and hs-CRP levels in dyspeptic patients with and without H. pylori infection. Methods: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 – January 2021 at Debre Markos town. Fifty H. pylori-positive and 50 H. pylori-negative patients were included. Socio-demographic data were assessed by using a structured questionnaire and it was checked for completeness and entered into SPSS version 25.0 Software. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in our study. The association between variables was determined by the chi-square test and Pearson correlation. Serum lipid profiles were compared by using a t-test and one-way ANOVA between groups but, hs-CRP levels were compared by using Mann-Whitney U-test between groups since the data wasn’t follow normal distribution. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The mean serum HDL values were 37.54 ± 7.98 mg/dL and 43.12 ± 7.86 mg/dL for H. pylori-positive and negative dyspeptic patients, respectively, and the median of serum hs-CRP levels were 6.29 mg/L and 3.35 mg/L for H. pylori-positive and negative dyspeptic patients, respectively, with the p-value < 0.05 for both HDL and hs-CRP levels. Conclusion: Serum HDL levels were significantly lower in H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients than negative dyspeptic patients, but serum hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in H. pylori positive dyspeptic patients than negative dyspeptic patients. Therefore, H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients are potentially at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases than the negative. Keywords: H. pylori, Dyspepsia, Lipid profile, hs-CRP, Inflammation, Cardiovascular disease diseases than the negative. Keywords: H. pylori, Dyspepsia, Lipid profile, hs-CRP, Inflammation, Cardiovascular diseases
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    Evaluation of Serum Lipid Profiles, Uric Acid and High Sensitivity Creactive Protein Levels among Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-04) Girma Bilisuma; Gizaw Solomon
    Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is characterized by an elevation of blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg as well as the presence/absence of proteinuria and/or edema during pregnancy. Pregnancy-induced hypertension in women is the main problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. Since it is one of the major contributors to maternal and prenatal mortality, the biochemical profiling of these cases are required to provide adequate information to clinicians, health researchers and policy-makers in seeking of potential interventions. Objective: We aimed to evaluate serum lipid profiles, uric acid and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels among pregnancy-induced hypertension and compared to normotensive pregnant women attending at Ambo University Referral Hospital, Oromia Region, Western Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: A case-control study design and convenient sampling method were used to evaluate serum lipid profile, uric acid and high sensitivity C-reactive protein among pregnancy induced hypertension and compared to normotensive pregnant women attending at Ambo University Referral Hospital. After we obtained informed consent from pregnant women who visited at ANC service clinic in Ambo University Referral Hospital, about two spoonsful of (3 5mL) blood was collected and automated Cobas c311 analyzer for Clinical Chemistry was used for laboratory analysis. Then data was analyzed by SPSS version 25. While Student’s t-test was used to compare the mean value of continuous variables, Ch-square was used to compare the relationship of categorical variables between two groups. Significance level was set at the P˂ 0.05 and confidence interval of 95%. Result: Our result showed that while the mean±SD of serum lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C), uric acid and hs-CRP were significantly elevated in pregnancy-induced hypertension, HDL-C was decreased in pregnancy-induced hypertension compared to normotensive pregnant women (P Conclusion: The lipid profiles (except HDL-C, which was significantly decreased), uric acid and hs-CRP were significantly increased in pregnancy-induced hypertension than normotensive pregnant women, indicating that dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and inflammation could be an integral part in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Therefore, we should consider these potential biomarkers to further research in seeking of interventions in PIH patients. Key word: Pregnancy-induced hypertension, lipid profiles, uric acid, inflammation, Ethiopia.
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    Willingness to Pay for Amenity Values of Urban Forest: The Case of Addis Ababa
    (A.A.U, 2007-06) Gizaw Solomon; Mohammed Mahmud
    The forest resource in Addis Ababa, particularly the mountainous areas to the north and western directions of the city was once covered with dense natural forests of diverse species. But now a day only few patches of natural forests are left in this area mainly due to development activities, agricultural expansions, over exploitations associated with rapid population growth and too little natural management of forest land. These events have resulted in serious environmental degradation. In view of these problems, a botanic garden is introduced in this area so as to give answer for the urgent need to conserve and sustain-ably utilize the remaining natural forest and restore degraded forest areas through expansion of forest plantations. Therefore, economic analysis is required for proper management of urban forests. Such analysis would help to make decisions on varieties of urban land use options and investments. Hence, this paper has examined the application of Contingent Valuation Method in measuring the households' willingness to pay (WTP) for Improved amenity service of urban forests and tries to identify the factors that may affect their WTP. The total WTP amount for improved amenity service of urban forests through executing the botanical garden is estimated to be Birr 4,265,211 per month. The mean WTP for the open-ended and dichotomous choice formats are Birr 6.07 and 9.30 per month per household respectively. In addition to this, above 87% of the respondents have the demand for further improvements. Here, the main values are related to non use values while use values are achieved distinctively low priority. Households income, above grade 6 level of education and respondents trust for the reliability of the project implementation are found to be the major determinant factors for households WTP. This study also indicated that households' welfare gains in changing from the current situation (poor environmental condition with no payment) to the improved service by subscribing some reasonable price can be huge. It also suggests that Contingent Valuation survey can measure amenity values of urban forests with theoretically consistent and sufficiently reliable results.