Browsing by Author "Deyessa, Negussie (PhD)"

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    Assessment of HIV Sero-Prevalence among Registered Tuberculosis Patients in Arsi Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2003-04) Wajisso, Kedir; Deyessa, Negussie (PhD)
    Health institution based cross-sectional study was undertaken in Arsi zone, Oromia regional state from October 2002 to may 2003. The objective of the study was to determine the sero prevalence and their determinants among registered tuberculosis patients. The HIV antibody was determined using a single ELISA technique. A total of 419 tuberculosis patients aged 15 years and above was enrolled in the study. The over all HIV sero prevalence rate was 37.2%. The highest rate was observed in the age group 20 to 39 years. Almost equal proportions of male (37.9%) were found to be HIV sero positive compared to the females (36.3%). Being married was found to be associated with serum HIV positivity. Those divorced and widow/widower patients had high proportion of HIV positivity. Being urban was found to be associated with serum HIV positivity. The HIV positivity rate was higher for pulmonary tuberculosis compared to extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Smear negative pulmonary patients were found to be significantly associated with HIV sero positivity compared with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (30.5%). It was concluded that HIV infection is highly prevalent among smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients, young age group, people who had history of STD, history of multiple sexual partners. Finally, the need for dual strategy in controlling the dual epidemic is recommended.
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    Assessment of Quality of ANC Service and its Association with Intention to Deliver in Public Health Facilities in Bishoftu Town, Oromia, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2017) Denu, Meseret; Deyessa, Negussie (PhD)
    Background: ANC plays an important role in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity by detecting early risk factors in order to have an effective intervention in time and by linking the pregnant women to a planned delivery with a skilled birth attendant. Quality Antenatal care service can save the life of many pregnant mothers. Understanding quality of antenatal care in a health facility may be important for improvement of the service that could increase utilization of facility delivery. Objective of the study: To assess the quality of antenatal care and its association on intention to deliver in public health facility among ANC service utilizes in Bishoftu town. Method: Cross- sectional study supplemented by qualitative method was done at four public health facility found in Bishoftu town. Data was collected by using questionnaires at exit interview of clients, on provider competency and facility supply. Observational check list was used for provider performance. The study was conducted among 352 mothers who come for antenatal care service at the facility and health professional working at ANC clinic. The data was cleaned and analyzed by using statistical soft ware SPSS version 21. Result:-This study showed that overall satisfaction of client was as high as 84.9%. The satisfaction of women with secondary educational level was lesser than illiterate pregnant women (AOR = 0.32; 95 % CI, 0.11, 0.93).Others those who were poorly satisfied were because of long weighting time to get the service. This study also showed that higher proportion of health care providers were provide proper advice and information related to complications can occur during pregnancy. Health facilities have basic structural and medical equipments which was important to give ANC service. This study showed that pregnant women getting satisfaction on ANC service have great willingness and intention to give birth at health facility. Conclusions:-Overall satisfaction of antenatal care is high most of health care providers give Proper antenatal care service and health facilities were equipped with essential medical equipment and drugs for ANC service provision. Recommendation: To increase the ANC service satisfaction it is important to decrease waiting time at facility to get service. It is important to increase number of health care provider and extra room for ANC service provision and to improve service on recording and registration room.
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    Assessment of Sexual Coercion Among Addis Ababa University Female Students
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2004-05) Tadesse, Seblework; Deyessa, Negussie (PhD)
    Cross-sectional institution based survey using self-administered anonymous questionnaire and Focus group discussion, was conducted among female students of Addis Ababa University to determine the magnitude, immediate consequences and socio demographic correlates of sexual coercions. A total of 612 female students were involved in the study. The quantitative study revealed that the prevalence of lifetime completed and attempted rape was 12.7 %( 95%CI, 10.06, 15.33) and 27.5% (95%CI, 3.96, 31.3) respectively. Sexual harassment in lifetime and 12 month period was reported in 58% and 41.8% of students, respectively. Rape was significantly associated for those students, who have boyfriends, and from divorced family as a risk factor, and for those living with both parents before joining university and money sent as needed with near by living families as a protective factor. Promise by friends, physical force and alcohol use were also contributing to the offence. Unwanted pregnancy, abortion and psychological disturbances were the immediate reported consequences of rape victims, which signify the role of rape in these health problems. After their victimization 93.6% of the victims didn't share the event with anybody. Victims reported about the perpetuator that 93.6% was a person known by them. The findings of this study indicate that female adolescents even in higher educational level are at higher risk of sexual coercion and its consequences. It is recommended that sexual coercion needs attention and action from concerned bodies, education for students on how to challenge gender norms and to create new models of healthy relationship, for the victim preparation of rape crisis center in health institution with standardized treatments for STDs, raising the awareness of policy making bodies in order to implement the existing punishment on the abusers and encouraging victims to report for legal bodies. Key words: - Rape, Attempt rape, Harassment and Adolescents
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    Determinants of Stigmatization of Families of Psychiatric Patients: The Case of Butajira District
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-07) Kebede, Dejene; Abegaz, Fentaw (PhD); Deyessa, Negussie (PhD)
    Considerable research has documented the stigmatization of people with mental illnesses and its negative consequences. Recently it has been shown that stigma may also seriously affect families and caregivers of psychiatric patients, but a few empirical researches have addressed this problem. In this study we examine the determinants of stigmatization of families of psychiatric patients 111 Butajira district. A total of 514 caregivers' of individuals who were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia and major affective disorders in a community based survey were interviewed. The result reveals that 66.1 % of the fami lies of the psychiatric patients have reported that they are stigmatized due to the presence of psychiatric patient in the family. Statistical methods such as logistic regression, factor analysis and alternating logistic regression were applied and results fi'om logistic regression reveals that sex of patient, age of the informant, quality of subjects' cun'ent dwelling, economic position of patients' house-hold relative to catchments ' area, and type of disease are significant factors that determine the stigmatization of families, and results from factor analysis provides us the two major components of stigma (threat from extemal environment and self feeling) explaining 64.72% of total variance in all variables and finally alternating logistic regression was used that provide odds ratio as a measure of association between these two factors. Perceiving stigmatization with respect to self feeling are 4.338 times that of with respect to threat from external environment.
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    Developing an Enterprise Framework for Mental Health Information System in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014) Dejene, Hilina; Abebe, Ermias (PhD); Deyessa, Negussie (PhD)
    Background: “Mental health information system is a system for collecting, processing, analyzing, disseminating and using information about a mental health service and mental health desires of the population”. All types of mental health organizations should have a clearly defined set of quality information that is gathered and consolidated in to meaning full indicators for clinicians, managers and the executive. Objective: The general objective of this project was todevelop an enterprise framework for mental health information system in hospitals that provides mental health care in Addis Ababa. Methodology: For data collection interview, observation, document and literatures review was done. For the framework development the Zachman and the open group architectural frameworks were used. Iterative system development methodology was used for over all framework development. Discussion of Results: By using the perspectives of the Zachman framework and the open group architecture template different business, data and information architecture works were done. Taking the mental health organization mission, strategy and objectives in to consideration the investigator identified the architecture mission, business and information principles, information flow between different departments and different stakeholders that have impact on mental health information systems. Conclusion:Information is a critical component of mental health institutions for many purposes like patient care, decision making, and monitoring of outcomes. As a result of this proper and standardized way of information flow can improve communications among the business organizations and different stakeholders. This mental health information system architecture framework will serve as a base for developing more complete architecture framework of mental health institutions in the future.
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    Gender Based Violence and Adverse Reproductive Health Outcomes among Women with Disabilities in Selected Associations of People with Disabilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2011-05) Sebsbie, Nigist; Deyessa, Negussie (PhD)
    Background: Gender based violence targeting women hinder women’s physical, psychological and social well-being. Despite the fact that, gender based violence has been given a great recognition at present time, studies that indicate its magnitude and impacts among disabled women remain scarce. Objectives: The study was conducted in order to measure the magnitude of gender based violence and its association with adverse reproductive health outcomes among women with disabilities in Addis Ababa. Method: A cross- sectional survey using an anonymous questionnaire supplemented by focus group discussion was conducted among women with disabilities in selected association of people with disabilities in Addis Ababa. A total of 528 women with selected disabilities were included in the study using Convenience sampling. Two focus group discussions were used for the deaf and physically impaired women in order to assess their belief and attitude towards the issue. The study also assessed experiences of physical and sexual violence using standard WHO Multi-country study questionnaire and its association with adverse reproductive health outcomes. Result: Among the respondents, the prevalence of physical violence was 40.5% and 30.8% in life time and in the past 12 month respectively. Whereas the prevalence of sexual violence in this order being 42.1% in life time and 57.7% in the past 12 month. Both Physical violence (OR (Adj) =2.00 (95%CI: 1.21, 3.31) and sexual violence with OR (Adj) = 4.21 (95% CI: 2.44, 7.25) was associated with Adverse reproductive health outcomes (unwanted pregnancy, still birth and abortion). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the survey, it can be suggested that gender based violence is a common and serious problem and highly associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes among women with disabilities. Therefore, it is recommended that GBV needs due attention and remedial actions and Programs aimed at preventing gender-based violence must address these identified factors or correlates of violence against women with disabilities.
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    Magnitude of Sexual Abuse among Male High School Students in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2009-07) Tesfaye, Rahel; Deyessa, Negussie (PhD)
    Background: sexual abuse as including any of the following acts committed by an adult or under: attempted or completed sexual intercourse (i.e., oral, anal, vaginal); touching, kissing, or rubbing up ; exhibiting their body parts ; or having the view any type of sex act Objective: To determine the magnitude, contributing factors and the health consequence of sexual abuse among male high school students Addis Ababa city administration . Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study involving 884 randomly selected students among 9 Addis Ababa high schools was conducted in March 2009. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data, which was entered and cleaned using EPI version 6 statistical packages and analysis of data was done using SPSS for windows, odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was made, and for independent variables that have borderline association with the dependent variable entered to a model to look for confounding effect. Results: As this study indicates, sexual abuse of boy students in Addis Ababa is common with a life time prevalence of rape and sexual harassment of 4.3%, and 68.2%, respectively. The chance of experiencing sexual coercion was higher among students who live alone (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI; 1.07, 7.66) and among students who live with others (AOR =1.80; 95% CI = 1.04, 3.11) than students living with both. Similarly, the odds of experiencing rape in their life time was higher among students who live with others (Adj OR=2.20; 95% CI; 1.04, 4.68) than those who live with their biological parents. Conclusion and recommendation: Sexual abuse of boys is associated with those living alone or living out side their parents. Considering these findings, providing information, education and counseling service of students living outside their real biological parents is important.