Browsing by Author "Assefa, Meseret"

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    The Au Human Rights Monitoring Capacity : in the case of African Peer Review Mechansim
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Assefa, Meseret; Tombe, Wani(PhD)
    This thesis assesses the human rights monitoring capacity of the AU and the role APRM can play in it. It argues that, in Africa, historical evidence suggests a continuing pattern of human rights violations have continued by unchecked dictatorial regime. It also seeks to demonstrate that for various reasons, the AU has been weak in monitoring of human rights violations. This attributes to two main reasons. One, the relative dignity and human value enjoyed by African in pre-colonial era became negatively impacted by colonialism as an aspect of foreign intervention in Africa. This impact has remains with the African leaders. The leaders become ruling the continent after colonialism has been characterized as dictators and military leaders which apply similar system of their previous colonial masters in violating human rights. None of the Heads of State and Government was freely and fairly elected. It was virtually the same club of dictators who adopted the African Human rights Charter in 1981. Second, the African commission and the court are often ineffective because they lack resources and political commitments of member states for the protection of human rights. Even at the level of the assembly of heads of state, the reports of the African Commission do not receive adequate attention or consideration but are often simply adopted without due regard to the issues raised. Hitherto, the African system of human rights has evolved against the experience of colonialism, dictatorships, the failure of administering justice, and reluctance. Africa is still facing the long road to promotion and protection of human rights for all Africans. Yet within this setting the APRM had anticipated as an opportunity to hold African leaders accountable and conceived as it can add value to human rights monitoring capacity of African commission. Hence, this assessment is done in relation to the work that is being done by APRM and the challenges that it has confronted over the years. In assessing the role of the APRM in human rights monitoring, this study discharges the importance of peer review and investigates the challenges facing it in the field of human rights
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    Content Analysis on Children Television Program: EBC in Focus
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-04) Assefa, Meseret; Beyene, Zenebe (PhD)
    The present study is conducted to assess the content of children' s Television program through content analysis. In order to explore the data, the researcher has done content analysis as a primary research method and has reviewed 48 television programs geared toward the Ye/ejochgize and Lehet sa na t audiences. It focused on three broad areas: Language appropriateness, understandability, and violence effect. The finding h as exposed that th ere is improper u se of language and it is believed to b e difficult for children to understand. Not only the vocabulary and sentence construction that mak es the message co mplex, but the presentation format is not as such simple for most children the finding also shown that there is no producer's research condu cted to revise the EBC format that is used for the last more than 15 years. The data has also given away that the EBC scheduling is not regular and in practice; it co uld be broadcast anytime between 8:30 to 12 AM. This is because of priority given to other p rograms that are considered to be more important by section editors, the children's program are pushed up or down in the sch edule. The finding also reveals th a t o nly six journalists with no special training to cover the program. Based on the findings, that EBC utilizes an older version of children's program format which doesn't p ermit the program reachable to all se gments of audiences. It is recommended that the program producers have to fix the transmission time and give priority to children program. It is also recommended that the program should a pply the recent format that helps to catch that attention of children.
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    The Effect Of Leadership Styles On Employee’s Job Satisfaction Case Of Commercial Bank Of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Assefa, Meseret; Bogale, Mengistu (PhD)
    The main objective of the study was to examine effects of leadership style on employee job satisfaction in CBE. Primary and secondary sources of data were used in the study. To collect the primary data the study employed a non-random sampling technique to select the branches and respondents. A total of 327 questionnaires were sent to 327 non managerial employees through CBE internal email and 321 respondents completed the MLQ and JSS questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics analyzed through frequencies, mean and standard deviation to identify the dominant leadership style and level of job satisfaction and correlation and regression analysis were also used to identify the relationship between two variables and the effect of leadership style on employee job satisfaction. The descriptive statistics result shows that the employees exhibited an ambivalent level of job satisfaction and the current dominant leadership style at the organization is transactional leadership. The result of correlation analysis indicated that there is strong correlation between transactional leadership style and job satisfaction. In addition regression analysis revealed that the three leadership styles has an effect on job satisfaction and the regression model used was found a good fit for the data. It is concluded that transactional leadership style is most dominantly exercised so it is recommended that CBE should update its leadership development program enhance the knowledge and skills of their branch managers and supervisors to adopt transformational leadership style in addition to transactional leadership style in order to improve job satisfaction and organizational outcomes
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    Histopathological Pattern of Central Nervous System Tumors:A 5-Year Retrospective Study, at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-10) Assefa, Meseret; Girma, Yonas(MD), Associate Professor of Pathology.
    Introduction: Central nervous system tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, they differ not only in their histomorphological features but also have a distinct biological background and disease course. CNS tumors are confined to the brain, spinal cord, meninges, cranial and Para spinal nerves, with each tumor having its own features, location, morphology, prognosis and treatment. Objective:The purpose of this study is to provide the histopathological pattern of CNS tumors in a tertiary care center in Ethiopia. Material and method: A retrospective descriptive histopathological analysis of central nervous system tumors carried out in the Postgraduate Department of Pathology in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital (TAH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patients data were retrieved from the archives of the department of Pathology for a period of 5 years from January 01, 2015 to August 31, 2019. Result:A total of 565 cases were analyzed and a wide range of histopathological diagnosis of CNS tumors was observed. Patients ages ranged from 2minths-80 years with a mean age of 36.9 years and a male to female ratio of 1:1.11. Majority of tumors had intracranial location (499 cases, 88.3%).Most of CNS tumors were low grade belonged to Grade I 70% followed by grade II 14. 8%. Tumors of meningeal tissue were most common 51.9% followed by neuroepithelial 24.2 %. When examining the data pertaining to specific types of tumors, most frequent type of CNS tumors was meningioma(272 cases, 48.1%) followed by astrocytoma (86 cases, 15.2%) Conclusion: The present study thus reflects the histopathological patterns of CNS tumors from our center. Although there is availability of advanced imaging techniques at present, still histopathological examination is gold standard in their diagnosis.The conventional H & E staining is the mainstay for pathologic diagnosis, and IHC also plays a major role in differential diagnosis and improving diagnostic accuracy.
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    Implementation and Challenges of Inclusive Education in Harari Regional State in Selected Schools
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-10) Assefa, Meseret; Desta, Daniel (PhD)
    The main purpose of this study was to investigate the Implementation and challenges of inclusive education in Harari regional state in selected school. The research design used was Descriptive survey; and to attain the objectives of the study, 31 special need teachers and 10 school directors were selected through purposive sampling and 16 regular teachers were selected trough stratified sampling and filled the questionnaires. In addition, 5 wereda and 1 regional experts were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed, and document review and observation had been used. As a result, the data obtained from different sources were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods; and accordingly the study showed, the availability of some qualified teachers and some trained teachers, majority of required facilities in the resource centers and administrative support and on job training helps to implement IE is moderate. With regard of issues related to the implementation of IE method, by special need teachers need attention for better implementation of inclusive education. Regarding the awareness of IE the result obtained disclosed that in most schools is high. The extent of achievement of students in all subject, participation students with disabilities and the regular teachers’ motivation are low. The interest and commitment of teachers to treat learners with disabilities is moderate.The attitude of schools’ societies towards student with disabilities is moderate which is good. However, the shortage of time to support learners with disabilities and lack of parents and communities’ awareness about their children’s education is let the IE activities to run moderately. The strategies which suggested by all respondents, creating conducive learning environment and incentives for teachers who handle students with disabilities, utilization of specialized equipment, allocating sufficient budget and cooperation of stake holders needs great work to improve the implementation of IE. Special need and regular teachers need special attention to improve the implementation of IE program.