Browsing by Author "Ali, Ahmed"

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    Assessment of Husband involvement during Pregnancy and Child Birth in AkakiKaliti Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-04) Destaw, Addisalem; Ali, Ahmed
    Background: International attention to men’s participation emerged from the 1994 international conference on population and development (ICPD) in Cairo. Representatives from countries signed an ICPD program of Action (UNFPA, 1995) that emphasized male responsibilities and participation as central components in improving SRH, promoting Gender equality, and empowering women. Objective: Objective of the study was to assess husband involvement during pregnancy and child birth. Methods:- A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in Akaki Kality Sub- City among married women who gave live birth in the past one year and attended their children vaccination, FP & counseling in the MCH department of the health facilities. A sample of 422 married women who had given live birth (s) in the past one year were interviewed using interviewer administered questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was done using cross tabulation and then multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors that were independently associated with husband involvement during pregnancy and child birth. Results: This study determined the prevalence of husband involvement during ANC (65.5%), labor (80.8%).Factors associated with husband involvement at ANC were Husbands occupation of formal employment (AOR=2.096, 95% CI=1.139, 3.897, P=0.001), Living together of husbands and wives (AOR=12.824, 95% CI=1.211, 135.769, P=0.016).Number received ANC (AOR=2.304, 95% CI=1.290, 4.113, P=0.005). Any signs of pregnancy complications (AOR=3.170, 95% CI=1.787, 5.620 P=0.000). Factors significantly associated with husband involvement during labor were family size of less than five (AOR=2.768 , 95% CI=1.080 , 7.094 , P=0.012),living together of husbands and wives (AOR=14.371, 95% CI=1.205, 171.384, P=0.000),history of abortion (AOR=0.290, 95% CI=0.092, 0.910, P=0.003),and husbands attended ANC (AOR=3.778 , 95% CI= 1.421, 10.044 ,P=0.000). Conclusion and recommendations: Husbands involvement were relatively higher During childbirth, moderate in Birth preparedness and complications readiness, and Relatively lower during ANC. Communities need to be empowered economically and Socially. Men should be considered during IEC of maternal health services.
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    Assessment of Quality of Antenatal–Linked HIV Counseling and Testing for Intervention of PMTCT in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Ismail, Hussein; Ali, Ahmed
    Background: The most important component of PMTCT program is HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT). A high quality of HCT is essential for success. In Ethiopia PMTCT services began in 2003, but only 0.8% of HIV infections among births to HIV positive women was averted in 2005/6 through PMTCT Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the quality of antenatal–linked HIV counseling and testing as an intervention for PMTCT at ten public Health Centers in Addis Ababa City. Methodology: a cross sectional study was conducted at purposively selected 10 health centers in Addis Ababa from April to May 2008. Methods included structured observations of counseling sessions, interviews of 10 PMTCT site coordinators, 9 counselors and 422 exit clients. Data on client satisfaction, counselors’ communicative skills, duration and content of pre- and post test counseling was collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from UNAIDS tools. SPSS version 15.0 was used to enter, clean, and analyze the data. Descriptive and analytic statistics were computed. Result: 6 of the 10 health centers had an HCT uptake rate of 90 to 100% of those counseled, and 8 of the health centers had a client return rate of 90% to 100% to collect the test results. A total of 66 (31 pre- and 35 post test) counseling sessions were observed. The mean duration of pretest counseling was 5.37 minutes (+3.34) and that of post test was 3.0 minutes (+ 2.24). In 25.8% of the sessions, the mothers were not given the chance to freely consent or dissent for blood test. During the post test sessions, in 42.9% of the session the clients’ understanding of the meaning of their test results was not explored. At exit interview, 21.3% of the clients didn’t know why they were offered HCT particularly during their pregnancy time. The odds of knowing why HCT is offered during pregnancy was higher among those residents of Addis Ababa and clients who spent 5-15 min on discussion with their counselors [OR = 4.48, 95% CI: 1.84, 10.9 and OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.03, 4.24 resp.]. Generally, 89.8% of the clients reported being satisfied with the pre-and/or post-testing counseling discussions. Conclusion: The communicative skill of the counselors was generally ‘satisfactory’. The majority of pre- and post-test sessions included the basic information on HIV transmission/prevention and PMTCT. However the discussions were unusually too brief, rudimentary and lacking depth and coverage. Nearly a quarter of the exit clients didn’t understand why they were offered HCT particularly during their pregnancy time; however, the vast majority of the women interviewed were satisfied with the counselling and counsellors interactions. Key words: PMTCT, HIV, HCT, Quality, Counselors’ skills, Satisfaction: Addis Ababa
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    Effect of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Nutritional Statas on Academic Performance of School Children in Arb-gebeya Town, T/gayint Woreda, S/gondar,Eethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2007-07) Admasie, Amha; Ali, Ahmed
    Back ground:-There are many reasons for children to under perform at school, such as, medical problems including Intestinal parasitosis, below average intelligence, specific learning disability, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, emotional problems, a poor socio-cultural home environment, psychiatric disorders, or even environmental causes Objective: - The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Intestinal parasitic infection on academic performance of school children in Arb-Gebeya Town, T/Gayint Woreda, S/Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods: - A cross sectional survey was conducted in school children for assessment of the effect of Intestinal Parasitic Infection on Academic Performance in Arb-Gebeya Town. Sample sizes of 601 school children from grades 5th -8th were assessed using standardized, closed ended and coded questionnaire. In addition, physical examination, parasitological laboratory examinations and anthropometric measurements were conducted to assess the nutritional status of the school children. Result: - Out of 601 students who had stool examination, 216 of them had at least one parasite. Therefore, the overall Intestinal Parasitic Infection (IPI) rate (prevalence) was 216(35.9%). Of those, the dominant parasite was amoeba 80(13.3%), followed by ascaris 50(8.3%). The presence of double infection was only 8(1.3%) and other parasites were only 15(2.5%). Students who had parasitic infection were less likely to achieve higher academic performance than those who hadn’t (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41-0.83). The prevalence of under weight (BMI below the 5th percentile) in the area was 30 (5%), 481 (80%) had normal weight (BMI between the 5th and 85th percentile), 60 (10%) were at risk of overweight (BMI value between 85th and 95th percentile). Thirty (5%) of students were overweight. There was no any significant difference in being in a state of under weight between male (4.7%) and female (5.5%). Nutritional status didn’t show any association with academic performance(X2=6.046, P-value 0.109). Conclusion: - Presence of Intestinal parasitic infection could affect school performance negatively. But the presence of one or more intestinal parasites did not indicate any effect or association with school performance. Underweight, overweight and obesity were less prevalent. Nutritional status has no any effect on academic performance in the study. Thus, it needs further investigation employing other techniques and study designs.
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    Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2016-05) Bulti Jira, Fikre; Ali, Ahmed
    Title: Measles Outbreak Investigation in Sayo Nole District, West Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia-February, 2015 Back ground: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease causing public health problem in developing countries despite the presence of an effective vaccine. Vaccine strategies targeted children. The Oromia Regional Health Bureau received reports of a measles outbreak from Sayo Nole Woreda of west Wollega Zone on 10/2/2015. We investigated to confirm the outbreak, identify risk factors, and implement control measures. Methods: We defined a suspected measles case as any person with fever, rash, cough, and coryza or a person suspected of measles by a clinician. From January 16 to 25, 2015 .we investigated all cases in the affected District using line lists and questionnaires and compared cases with controls. Epi info version 7.1 was used for analysis of the findings. Results: During the study period we identified 68 suspected cases and with no death. The median age of the cases was 10 years (range 6 months to 55 years), and 95% of the cases were greater than 5 years old. The vaccination rate among cases was 55%. We compared 60 cases to 120 controls and found that families size greater than five (odds ratio (OR) =9.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): (4.5-19.3) and lack of information about the mode of transmission of measles (OR= 16, 95%CI: 7.4-36.2) were risk factors. However, being vaccinated for measles (OR= 0.46, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9) was a protective factor. Conclusions: Measles outbreak has occurred due to low vaccination coverage and lack of awareness on how to be prevented from it. Educating community on mode of transmission, strengthening expanded immunization coverage and conducting active surveillance should be enhanced to cease the outbreak in the District. Key words: measles, outbreak, Investigation, Sayo Nole, 2015
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    Herder-Farmer Conflicts In The Dawa-Ganale River Basin Areas: The Case of Intra Clan Conflict Among The Degodia Somali of Dollo Ado District In The Somali Regional State of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2005-06) Ali, Ahmed; Kassa, Getachew (PhD)
    This sllldy allempts to explore inter clan resource conflicts and local (basically economic) ins/ability in Somali Regional State_ Conjlict or insecurity hinders local, community. and regional development by principally affecting rural pastoral and agro pas/oral production systems and as a result calisesfiJOd security. Especially, in conflict endemic areas like that of Dollo Addo district along the Ethiopia-Soll1alia - Kenya border zone, where the internal and cross border inter - clan and intra - clan conflicts are higher bath in terms oj ji-eqllency and i/1tensity (for the last 40 years) the livelihoods of the pastoral and agI'o pastoralist clans are extrell1ely threatened to greater extent. This study in the 00110 Oddo wereda of Liban Zone in the southeastern Somali Regional state has been exposed to natural disasters and conflicts. This study focuses on the inter clan herder - farmer conflicts within Degodia and Degodia and their neighbors with more focus on internal conflicts within the Degodia. The main assumption in the beginning a/this study was thai as in many arid lowland and river basin lands where natural resource scarcity die/ales the relationships among pastoral herders and, herders and farmers sharing a common (shared) production zones, {he majo,. Calise of conflicts in {he study area would be primarily resource scarciry, yet this is without neglecting Ihe socia cuLtural, political and economic/actors. Accordingly, natural resources scarcity in both predominantly pastoral and agricultural clan lands (within the river basin and its hinterlands) coupled with some other/actors like imposition 0/01' ,lack of clear pastoral land tenure policy, creation of clan based administralive structures (ye gossa yegitosh meret), and the rearrangement of local land boundaries, and demarcation of administrative borders 0/ the new and old Weredas (for example Dollo wereda has been part of BOI-ana wereda), the implementation of decentralized administrative structures, (/994, 2003) and the unchecked injllL< 0/ large number 0/ drought and internal and external conflict displaced herders with their livestock and Somali refugees (since 1991) and returnees (since 1985, after 1992) FOIn Somalia and Kenya are found to be the inherent cause of conflict in the study area. ~Vilh regard to its nall/re, the inter- and intra clan and inter ethnic resource based conjlicts in the study area were found to be of higher in their magnitude of occurrences and intensity and their consequences, which worsens , with (he aggravation a/resource scarcity and absence a/conflict resolving formal instilutions jar sllstainable conflict resolution. Key words: conn ict, clan, institutions, river basin, herder, farmer, and transformation
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    Study of the Immunologic and HematoLogic Profile of Children on Haart: a Retrospective Cohort Study at Zewditu Memorial Hospital
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-01) Habteselassie, Abebe; Ali, Ahmed
    Background: In HIV infected individuals immunologic and hematologic abnormalities are common and they increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. However little is known about the profile of immunologic and hematologic abnormalities in Ethiopia in those children who are on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Evaluating the haematological and immunological parameters in HIV/ AIDS patients on HAART is important in order to monitor the body responses to the drugs. Therefore, assessment of haematological and immunological changes in HIV/ AIDS patients in HAART is of a paramount importance. Objective: the main objective of this study was to assess immunologic and hematologic profile of HIV infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV infected children who received HAART between September 2008 and March 2013 at ART clinic of Zewditu Memorial Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using structured questionnaire that included variables related to socio-demographic characteristics, immunohematological profiles and clinical conditions of the study individuals. Data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 16.0 soft ware. Result: The mean level of hemoglobin, thrombocyte count and CD4 count showed statistically significant increment from the baseline (p-value <0.05). After six months of HAART, the prevalence of anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia among the study children was 21%, 8.3% and 13.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the mean hemoglobin, thrombocyte count and CD4 count increased significantly in children who received HAART, but anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were common before and after treatment among the study subjects. Hence, we recommend the need for regular monitoring and evaluation of immunological and hematological values to enhance targeted interventions for encountered abnormalities.