Browsing by Author "Ali, Ahmed"

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    Assessment of Husband involvement during Pregnancy and Child Birth in AkakiKaliti Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-04) Destaw, Addisalem; Ali, Ahmed
    Background: International attention to men’s participation emerged from the 1994 international conference on population and development (ICPD) in Cairo. Representatives from countries signed an ICPD program of Action (UNFPA, 1995) that emphasized male responsibilities and participation as central components in improving SRH, promoting Gender equality, and empowering women. Objective: Objective of the study was to assess husband involvement during pregnancy and child birth. Methods:- A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in Akaki Kality Sub- City among married women who gave live birth in the past one year and attended their children vaccination, FP & counseling in the MCH department of the health facilities. A sample of 422 married women who had given live birth (s) in the past one year were interviewed using interviewer administered questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was done using cross tabulation and then multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors that were independently associated with husband involvement during pregnancy and child birth. Results: This study determined the prevalence of husband involvement during ANC (65.5%), labor (80.8%).Factors associated with husband involvement at ANC were Husbands occupation of formal employment (AOR=2.096, 95% CI=1.139, 3.897, P=0.001), Living together of husbands and wives (AOR=12.824, 95% CI=1.211, 135.769, P=0.016).Number received ANC (AOR=2.304, 95% CI=1.290, 4.113, P=0.005). Any signs of pregnancy complications (AOR=3.170, 95% CI=1.787, 5.620 P=0.000). Factors significantly associated with husband involvement during labor were family size of less than five (AOR=2.768 , 95% CI=1.080 , 7.094 , P=0.012),living together of husbands and wives (AOR=14.371, 95% CI=1.205, 171.384, P=0.000),history of abortion (AOR=0.290, 95% CI=0.092, 0.910, P=0.003),and husbands attended ANC (AOR=3.778 , 95% CI= 1.421, 10.044 ,P=0.000). Conclusion and recommendations: Husbands involvement were relatively higher During childbirth, moderate in Birth preparedness and complications readiness, and Relatively lower during ANC. Communities need to be empowered economically and Socially. Men should be considered during IEC of maternal health services.
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    Effect of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Nutritional Statas on Academic Performance of School Children in Arb-gebeya Town, T/gayint Woreda, S/gondar,Eethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2007-07) Admasie, Amha; Ali, Ahmed
    Back ground:-There are many reasons for children to under perform at school, such as, medical problems including Intestinal parasitosis, below average intelligence, specific learning disability, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, emotional problems, a poor socio-cultural home environment, psychiatric disorders, or even environmental causes Objective: - The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Intestinal parasitic infection on academic performance of school children in Arb-Gebeya Town, T/Gayint Woreda, S/Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods: - A cross sectional survey was conducted in school children for assessment of the effect of Intestinal Parasitic Infection on Academic Performance in Arb-Gebeya Town. Sample sizes of 601 school children from grades 5th -8th were assessed using standardized, closed ended and coded questionnaire. In addition, physical examination, parasitological laboratory examinations and anthropometric measurements were conducted to assess the nutritional status of the school children. Result: - Out of 601 students who had stool examination, 216 of them had at least one parasite. Therefore, the overall Intestinal Parasitic Infection (IPI) rate (prevalence) was 216(35.9%). Of those, the dominant parasite was amoeba 80(13.3%), followed by ascaris 50(8.3%). The presence of double infection was only 8(1.3%) and other parasites were only 15(2.5%). Students who had parasitic infection were less likely to achieve higher academic performance than those who hadn’t (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41-0.83). The prevalence of under weight (BMI below the 5th percentile) in the area was 30 (5%), 481 (80%) had normal weight (BMI between the 5th and 85th percentile), 60 (10%) were at risk of overweight (BMI value between 85th and 95th percentile). Thirty (5%) of students were overweight. There was no any significant difference in being in a state of under weight between male (4.7%) and female (5.5%). Nutritional status didn’t show any association with academic performance(X2=6.046, P-value 0.109). Conclusion: - Presence of Intestinal parasitic infection could affect school performance negatively. But the presence of one or more intestinal parasites did not indicate any effect or association with school performance. Underweight, overweight and obesity were less prevalent. Nutritional status has no any effect on academic performance in the study. Thus, it needs further investigation employing other techniques and study designs.
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    Herder-Farmer Conflicts In The Dawa-Ganale River Basin Areas: The Case of Intra Clan Conflict Among The Degodia Somali of Dollo Ado District In The Somali Regional State of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2005-06) Ali, Ahmed; Kassa, Getachew (PhD)
    This sllldy allempts to explore inter clan resource conflicts and local (basically economic) ins/ability in Somali Regional State_ Conjlict or insecurity hinders local, community. and regional development by principally affecting rural pastoral and agro pas/oral production systems and as a result calisesfiJOd security. Especially, in conflict endemic areas like that of Dollo Addo district along the Ethiopia-Soll1alia - Kenya border zone, where the internal and cross border inter - clan and intra - clan conflicts are higher bath in terms oj ji-eqllency and i/1tensity (for the last 40 years) the livelihoods of the pastoral and agI'o pastoralist clans are extrell1ely threatened to greater extent. This study in the 00110 Oddo wereda of Liban Zone in the southeastern Somali Regional state has been exposed to natural disasters and conflicts. This study focuses on the inter clan herder - farmer conflicts within Degodia and Degodia and their neighbors with more focus on internal conflicts within the Degodia. The main assumption in the beginning a/this study was thai as in many arid lowland and river basin lands where natural resource scarcity die/ales the relationships among pastoral herders and, herders and farmers sharing a common (shared) production zones, {he majo,. Calise of conflicts in {he study area would be primarily resource scarciry, yet this is without neglecting Ihe socia cuLtural, political and economic/actors. Accordingly, natural resources scarcity in both predominantly pastoral and agricultural clan lands (within the river basin and its hinterlands) coupled with some other/actors like imposition 0/01' ,lack of clear pastoral land tenure policy, creation of clan based administralive structures (ye gossa yegitosh meret), and the rearrangement of local land boundaries, and demarcation of administrative borders 0/ the new and old Weredas (for example Dollo wereda has been part of BOI-ana wereda), the implementation of decentralized administrative structures, (/994, 2003) and the unchecked injllL< 0/ large number 0/ drought and internal and external conflict displaced herders with their livestock and Somali refugees (since 1991) and returnees (since 1985, after 1992) FOIn Somalia and Kenya are found to be the inherent cause of conflict in the study area. ~Vilh regard to its nall/re, the inter- and intra clan and inter ethnic resource based conjlicts in the study area were found to be of higher in their magnitude of occurrences and intensity and their consequences, which worsens , with (he aggravation a/resource scarcity and absence a/conflict resolving formal instilutions jar sllstainable conflict resolution. Key words: conn ict, clan, institutions, river basin, herder, farmer, and transformation
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    Study of the Immunologic and HematoLogic Profile of Children on Haart: a Retrospective Cohort Study at Zewditu Memorial Hospital
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-01) Habteselassie, Abebe; Ali, Ahmed
    Background: In HIV infected individuals immunologic and hematologic abnormalities are common and they increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. However little is known about the profile of immunologic and hematologic abnormalities in Ethiopia in those children who are on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Evaluating the haematological and immunological parameters in HIV/ AIDS patients on HAART is important in order to monitor the body responses to the drugs. Therefore, assessment of haematological and immunological changes in HIV/ AIDS patients in HAART is of a paramount importance. Objective: the main objective of this study was to assess immunologic and hematologic profile of HIV infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV infected children who received HAART between September 2008 and March 2013 at ART clinic of Zewditu Memorial Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using structured questionnaire that included variables related to socio-demographic characteristics, immunohematological profiles and clinical conditions of the study individuals. Data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 16.0 soft ware. Result: The mean level of hemoglobin, thrombocyte count and CD4 count showed statistically significant increment from the baseline (p-value <0.05). After six months of HAART, the prevalence of anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia among the study children was 21%, 8.3% and 13.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the mean hemoglobin, thrombocyte count and CD4 count increased significantly in children who received HAART, but anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were common before and after treatment among the study subjects. Hence, we recommend the need for regular monitoring and evaluation of immunological and hematological values to enhance targeted interventions for encountered abnormalities.